COVID-19 Pandemic: A pragmatic plan for Ayurveda Intervention
Identifieur interne : 000185 ( Pmc/Corpus ); précédent : 000184; suivant : 000186COVID-19 Pandemic: A pragmatic plan for Ayurveda Intervention
Auteurs : Sanjeev Rastogi ; Deep Narayan Pandey ; Ram Harsh SinghSource :
- Journal of Ayurveda and Integrative Medicine [ 0975-9476 ] ; 2020.
Url:
DOI: 10.1016/j.jaim.2020.04.002
PubMed: 32247569
PubMed Central: 7177084
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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">COVID-19 Pandemic: A pragmatic plan for Ayurveda Intervention</title><author><name sortKey="Rastogi, Sanjeev" sort="Rastogi, Sanjeev" uniqKey="Rastogi S" first="Sanjeev" last="Rastogi">Sanjeev Rastogi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">Dept of Kaya Chikitsa, State Ayurvedic College and Hospital, Lucknow -226003</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pandey, Deep Narayan" sort="Pandey, Deep Narayan" uniqKey="Pandey D" first="Deep Narayan" last="Pandey">Deep Narayan Pandey</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff2">Department of Environment/Forests, Government of Rajasthan, Secretariat, Jaipur 302005, Rajasthan, India, Cell: +91-9414077486</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Singh, Ram Harsh" sort="Singh, Ram Harsh" uniqKey="Singh R" first="Ram Harsh" last="Singh">Ram Harsh Singh</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff3">Faculty of Ayurveda, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221005, Mobile: 9452301033</nlm:aff></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">32247569</idno><idno type="pmc">7177084</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7177084</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:7177084</idno><idno type="doi">10.1016/j.jaim.2020.04.002</idno><date when="2020">2020</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">000185</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">000185</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">COVID-19 Pandemic: A pragmatic plan for Ayurveda Intervention</title><author><name sortKey="Rastogi, Sanjeev" sort="Rastogi, Sanjeev" uniqKey="Rastogi S" first="Sanjeev" last="Rastogi">Sanjeev Rastogi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">Dept of Kaya Chikitsa, State Ayurvedic College and Hospital, Lucknow -226003</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pandey, Deep Narayan" sort="Pandey, Deep Narayan" uniqKey="Pandey D" first="Deep Narayan" last="Pandey">Deep Narayan Pandey</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff2">Department of Environment/Forests, Government of Rajasthan, Secretariat, Jaipur 302005, Rajasthan, India, Cell: +91-9414077486</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Singh, Ram Harsh" sort="Singh, Ram Harsh" uniqKey="Singh R" first="Ram Harsh" last="Singh">Ram Harsh Singh</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff3">Faculty of Ayurveda, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221005, Mobile: 9452301033</nlm:aff></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Journal of Ayurveda and Integrative Medicine</title><idno type="ISSN">0975-9476</idno><idno type="eISSN">0976-2809</idno><imprint><date when="2020">2020</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Zhou, P" uniqKey="Zhou P">P. 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<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">J Ayurveda Integr Med</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">J Ayurveda Integr Med</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>Journal of Ayurveda and Integrative Medicine</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0975-9476</issn><issn pub-type="epub">0976-2809</issn><publisher><publisher-name>The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of Institute of Transdisciplinary Health Sciences and Technology and World Ayurveda Foundation</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">32247569</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">7177084</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">S0975-9476(20)30019-X</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/j.jaim.2020.04.002</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>COVID-19 Pandemic: A pragmatic plan for Ayurveda Intervention</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" id="au1"><name><surname>Rastogi</surname><given-names>Sanjeev</given-names></name><role>Professor</role><email>rastogisanjeev@rediffmail.com</email><xref rid="aff1" ref-type="aff">a</xref><xref rid="cor1" ref-type="corresp">∗</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" id="au2"><name><surname>Pandey</surname><given-names>Deep Narayan</given-names></name><role>IFS, Secretary to Government</role><email>dnpandey@gmail.com</email><xref rid="aff2" ref-type="aff">b</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" id="au3"><name><surname>Singh</surname><given-names>Ram Harsh</given-names></name><role>Distinguished Professor</role><email>rh_singh2001@yahoo.com</email><xref rid="aff3" ref-type="aff">c</xref></contrib><aff id="aff1"><label>a</label>Dept of Kaya Chikitsa, State Ayurvedic College and Hospital, Lucknow -226003</aff><aff id="aff2"><label>b</label>Department of Environment/Forests, Government of Rajasthan, Secretariat, Jaipur 302005, Rajasthan, India, Cell: +91-9414077486</aff><aff id="aff3"><label>c</label>Faculty of Ayurveda, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221005, Mobile: 9452301033</aff></contrib-group><author-notes><corresp id="cor1"><label>∗</label>Corresponding author. ,. Mobile:9415022955. <email>rastogisanjeev@rediffmail.com</email></corresp></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="pmc-release"><day>23</day><month>4</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><pmc-comment> PMC Release delay is 0 months and 0 days and was based on .</pmc-comment>
<pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>23</day><month>4</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><history><date date-type="received"><day>30</day><month>3</month><year>2020</year></date><date date-type="rev-recd"><day>16</day><month>4</month><year>2020</year></date><date date-type="accepted"><day>18</day><month>4</month><year>2020</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement>© 2020 The Authors</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><license><license-p>Since January 2020 Elsevier has created a COVID-19 resource centre with free information in English and Mandarin on the novel coronavirus COVID-19. The COVID-19 resource centre is hosted on Elsevier Connect, the company's public news and information website. Elsevier hereby grants permission to make all its COVID-19-related research that is available on the COVID-19 resource centre - including this research content - immediately available in PubMed Central and other publicly funded repositories, such as the WHO COVID database with rights for unrestricted research re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for free by Elsevier for as long as the COVID-19 resource centre remains active.</license-p></license></permissions></article-meta></front><body><p id="p0010">An outbreak of pneumonia in December, 2019 in Wuhan, China, has now been determined to be caused by a novel coronavirus. It is named as Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) [<xref rid="bib1" ref-type="bibr">1</xref>, <xref rid="bib2" ref-type="bibr">2</xref>]. The disease has since spread to 185 countries and regions, with more than 2.06 million confirmed cases and more than 1,34,354 deaths as of April 16, 2020 [<xref rid="bib3" ref-type="bibr">3</xref>]. Despite worldwide efforts to contain it, the pandemic is continuing to spread for want of a clinically-proven prophylaxis and therapeutic strategy[<xref rid="bib4" ref-type="bibr">4</xref>]. Consequently, it is necessary that scientific community must draw on pluralistic knowledge systems available globally. Drawing on the original Ayurveda classics, contemporary scientific studies, and our experiential knowledge on similar clinical settings, here we propose a pragmatic plan for interventions. We provide a graded response depending on the stage of infection and proximity with disease among individuals in a population. Notwithstanding the fact that no system of medicine has any evidence-based treatment for COVID-19 as yet, clinical interventions are being done worldwide. Similar strategy is required to be implemented by Ayurveda system of medicine. Ayurveda interventions become even more relevant by the fact that there is an elaborate description of causation and management of epidemic (<italic>Janapadodhwamsa</italic>) in Ayurveda[<xref rid="bib5" ref-type="bibr">5</xref>].</p><p id="p0015">While the disease is almost controlled in China[<xref rid="bib6" ref-type="bibr">6</xref>], it is still widespread in Europe and US which have emerged as the new epicentres of the COVID-19[<xref rid="bib7" ref-type="bibr">7</xref>, <xref rid="bib8" ref-type="bibr">8</xref>]. There are various reasons for the containment of the disease in China, yet the evidence of role played by Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) cannot be overlooked[<xref rid="bib9" ref-type="bibr">9</xref>, <xref rid="bib10" ref-type="bibr">10</xref>]. This is now known that during the peak days of the epidemic, over 3100 TCM related workforce had been deployed to Hubei province[<xref rid="bib9" ref-type="bibr">9</xref>]. TCM was officially included in the Chinese Guideline on diagnosis and treatment of COVID-19[<xref rid="bib11" ref-type="bibr">11</xref>]. This is exceptionally important to note that specific TCM wards were set up, and designated hospital were established which had used a variety of Chinese medicines utilising their own principle of syndrome differentiation in conjunction with treatment employing western medicine. Total numbers of confirmed cases treated by TCM are reported to be at least 60,107[<xref rid="bib12" ref-type="bibr">12</xref>].</p><p id="p0020">In coherence with the success of TCM in managing a communicable pandemic, it is logical and essential to explore how Ayurveda can help in addressing the COVID-19 challenge[<xref rid="bib13" ref-type="bibr">13</xref>, <xref rid="bib14" ref-type="bibr">14</xref>]. Indeed, this is the time to mainstreaming the AYUSH systems to transform Indian healthcare[<xref rid="bib15" ref-type="bibr">15</xref>] and demonstrate the potential of AYUSH systems in addressing the challenge and restoring health[<xref rid="bib16" ref-type="bibr">16</xref>]. An understanding of COVID-19 epidemiology and pathogenesis as learned through on-going pandemic may help us drawing a feasible plan of action. About 80% of COVID-19 cases present with mild symptoms requiring only primary medical care. Of the rest 20% cases 15% require urgent medical attention at secondary health care services. Remaining 5% are critical cases requiring an intensive care and hence require a transfer to tertiary health care units equipped with ICU [<xref rid="bib17" ref-type="bibr">17</xref>].</p><p id="p0025">Current estimated mortality of COVID-19 for overall infected population is 0.25-3.0% whereas it increases to > 14% among elderly (over 80 years), 10% in associated CVD and 7% in associated diabetes. China’s experience of pandemic has built the evidences that co-morbidity such as hypertension, diabetes, coronary heart diseases and cerebrovascular disease act as risk factor with increased risk of mortality [<xref rid="bib18" ref-type="bibr">18</xref>].</p><p id="p0030">In 5% cases requiring Intensive care, the disease progression is gradual, and requires about 9-10 days to progress from symptoms of Upper Respiratory Tract Infection (URTI) to Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS). ARDS often is followed by un-correctable hypotensive shock, multi-organ failure and eventually death [<xref rid="bib19" ref-type="bibr">19</xref>].</p><p id="p0035">There are some risk factors that make people susceptible. People with older age, presence of co-morbidities such as diabetes, hypertension and cardiovascular disease, males, anorexia and presentation without fever are more susceptible. Reduced peripheral capillary oxygen saturation (SpO2) below 90% is also a risk indicator in apparently mild cases[<xref rid="bib20" ref-type="bibr">20</xref>].</p><p id="p0040">With this background of SARS CoV-2 associated epidemiology and pathogenesis, a pragmatic and plausible plan of action for Ayurvedic intervention are presented (<xref rid="tbl1" ref-type="table">Table 1</xref>). In this context, a few important issues need to be stated at the outset. Our proposal complements the guidelines issued by Ministry of AYUSH, Government of India for boosting immunity among the masses [<xref rid="bib21" ref-type="bibr">21</xref>]. However, it is not limited to prophylaxis alone. It addresses the therapeutic domain as well although within an integrative model of care. In that context, at a generic level, key criteria for choosing suggested Ayurveda medicines here have been safety and potential efficacy, broad-spectrum applicability, ease of availability, long-term experiential knowledge on clinical use, ease of administration, and as far as possible, affordability [<xref rid="bib22" ref-type="bibr">22</xref>].<table-wrap position="float" id="tbl1"><label>Table 1</label><caption><p>Proposed Ayurveda interventions in COVID-19 outbreak and their rationale<xref rid="tbl1fna" ref-type="table-fn">a</xref>,<xref rid="tbl1fnb" ref-type="table-fn">b</xref></p></caption><alt-text id="alttext0010">Table 1</alt-text><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th>No.</th><th>Category of people</th><th>Proposed Intervention</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>1.</td><td>Unexposed asymptomatic group</td><td>Common health keeping approaches of Ayurveda including healthy diet, healthy life-style, adequate sleep, physical activity, good conduct, care for retainable and non-retainable urges, and avoidance of disease causing factors (excessive cold and exposure to pollutants). In addition, Chyavanprasha, Brahma Rasayana, Amrit Bhallataka, Sanjeevani vati, Swarna prashan.</td></tr><tr><td>2.</td><td>Exposed asymptomatic (Quarantined)</td><td>Sanjeevani vati, Chitrakatdi vati, Chyavanprasha, Brahma Rasayana, and decoction of a combination of herbs, Tinospora cordifolia, Zingiber officinale, Curcuma longa, Ocimum sanctum, Glycyrrhiza glabra, Adhatoda vasica, Andrographis paniculata, Swertia chirata, Moringa oleifera, Triphala and Trikatu.</td></tr><tr><td>3.</td><td>With mild COVID-19 symptoms</td><td>Pippali rasayan, Go Jihvadi Quath, Kantakari Avaleha, Chitrakadi vati, Vyaghri haritaki, Dashamul kwath, Sitopaladi, Talishadi, and Yashtimadhu etc.</td></tr><tr><td>4.</td><td>With moderate to severe COVID-19 symptoms</td><td>Pippali rasayan, Laghu Vasant Malati, Sanjeevani vati, Tribhuvan Keerti rasa, Brihata Vata Chintamni rasa, Mrityunjaya rasa, Siddha Makardhvaja etc.</td></tr></tbody></table><table-wrap-foot><fn id="tbl1fna"><label>a</label><p id="ntpara0015"><bold>Note:</bold> The proposed interventions are supposed to be practiced without compromising the conventional advisories by government authorities including frequent hand-washing with soap till 20 seconds, cough and sneeze etiquette, physical distancing and universal mask usage.</p></fn></table-wrap-foot><table-wrap-foot><fn id="tbl1fnb"><label>b</label><p id="ntpara0020">Dosage of individual formulations are to be judged carefully by an experienced Ayurvedic physician on the basis of <italic>roga</italic> and <italic>rogi bala</italic> with an utmost care for vulnerable population like children, pregnancy and elderly. In almost all cases hot water may be considered as preferred <italic>anupan</italic> (post drink) during the treatment.</p></fn></table-wrap-foot></table-wrap></p><p id="p0045">For the purpose of Ayurveda interventions during COVID-19 pandemic, people can be segregated into four distinct categories [<xref rid="bib23" ref-type="bibr">23</xref>].</p><sec id="sec1"><label>1</label><title>Unexposed asymptomatic group</title><p id="p0050">This group will include persons who currently do not have any related symptom nor have any associated risk factor and co-morbidities. These apparently healthy people may be the most suitable for building of immunity so that infection-related pathogenesis can be countered to keep them healthy[<xref rid="bib24" ref-type="bibr">24</xref>]. Preventive interventions here can include both pharmacological as well as non-pharmacological strategies. Among the non-pharmacological interventions healthy lifestyles, adequate physical activity, sufficient sleep, care of retainable and non-retainable urges, <italic>sadvritta</italic>, and avoidance and isolation from infected persons are vital [<xref rid="bib25" ref-type="bibr">25</xref>]. Fumigation of homes, shelters and living-place by Ayurvedic herbs such as garlic (<italic>Allium sativum</italic>) peel, turmeric (<italic>Curcuma longa</italic>) powder, Carom or Ajwain (<italic>Trachyspermum ammi</italic>) seeds and Loban (resin of <italic>Styrax benzoin</italic> and <italic>Boswellia</italic> species) may also be a useful strategy for disinfection [<xref rid="bib26" ref-type="bibr">26</xref>]. In addition, community based <italic>Swarna Prashana</italic> [<xref rid="bib27" ref-type="bibr">27</xref>] and mass prophylaxis through <italic>rasayana</italic> having the predominant effects upon respiratory tract can be useful [<xref rid="bib28" ref-type="bibr">28</xref>]. <italic>Rasayana</italic> may include <italic>Brahma Rasayana, Chyavanprasha</italic> or <italic>Amrit Bhallataka</italic> [<xref rid="bib29" ref-type="bibr">29</xref>, <xref rid="bib30" ref-type="bibr">30</xref>]. The rationale for choice of <italic>rasayana</italic> drugs can be traced back to <italic>Samhita</italic> classics of Ayurveda as well as in contemporary research[<xref rid="bib14" ref-type="bibr">14</xref>]. <italic>Rasayana</italic> act as antioxidant, anti-stress, anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, vaccine adjuvant, and confer immunity against diseases [<xref rid="bib31" ref-type="bibr">31</xref>, <xref rid="bib32" ref-type="bibr">32</xref>]. Further, according to Ayurveda classics, <italic>rasayana</italic> therapy [<xref rid="bib33" ref-type="bibr">33</xref>], along with physical and social distancing from infected persons [<xref rid="bib34" ref-type="bibr">34</xref>], constitute a core strategy to overcome epidemic and infectious diseases. Building immunity requires time. There may be some asymptomatic carriers who could transmit the virus to other apparently healthy people. Hence, physical and social distancing for all would be essential to avoid any transmission[<xref rid="bib34" ref-type="bibr">34</xref>].</p></sec><sec id="sec2"><label>2</label><title>Exposed asymptomatic (Quarantined)</title><p id="p0055">This group comprises of people who are without apparent symptoms, but at risk due to contact history. They need to be quarantined carefully. Specific prophylaxis for this group may include <italic>Sanjeevani vati</italic> [<xref rid="bib35" ref-type="bibr">35</xref>] and <italic>Chitrakadi vati</italic> and combination of <italic>Guduchi (Tinospora cordifolia), Shunthi (Zingiber officinale)</italic> and <italic>Haridra</italic> (<italic>Curcuma longa</italic>). This choice of medicines is aimed at maintenance of <italic>agni</italic> as well as <italic>aam pachana</italic> in order to prevent the progression of pathogenesis in its initial <italic>sanchaya-prakopa-prasara</italic> stage [<xref rid="bib36" ref-type="bibr">36</xref>]. <italic>Sanjivani vati</italic> is widely used against communicable diseases, fever due to infection and <italic>sannipataj jvara</italic>, cold, cough, and indigestion. It also strengthens and rejuvenates the immune system [<xref rid="bib37" ref-type="bibr">37</xref>, <xref rid="bib38" ref-type="bibr">38</xref>]. This group may also be provided with decoction of a combination of Ayurvedic herbs including <italic>Tinospora cordifolia, Zingiber officinale, Curcuma longa, Ocimum sanctum</italic>, <italic>Glycyrrhiza glabra</italic>, <italic>Adhatoda vasica</italic>, <italic>Andrographis paniculata</italic>, <italic>Swertia chirata</italic>, <italic>Moringa oleifera</italic>, Triphala and Trikatu. These herbs are proposed for the reason that these are known to be broad-spectrum antivirals and protease inhibitors [<xref rid="bib39" ref-type="bibr">39</xref>, <xref rid="bib40" ref-type="bibr">40</xref>, <xref rid="bib41" ref-type="bibr">41</xref>].</p></sec><sec id="sec3"><label>3</label><title>With mild COVID-19 symptoms</title><p id="p0060">This category relates to people found positive to SARS-CoV-2 and are having mild URTI symptoms. They are required to be carefully isolated and monitored for any progression of the disease, along with giving adequate therapy to arrest the symptoms and balancing the vitiated <italic>doshas</italic> to control disease progression. Formulations like <italic>Lakshmi Vilas Rasa</italic>[<xref rid="bib42" ref-type="bibr">42</xref>]<italic>, Pippali rasayana</italic>[<xref rid="bib43" ref-type="bibr">43</xref>]<italic>, Sanjeevani vati</italic>[<xref rid="bib35" ref-type="bibr">35</xref>]<italic>, Chitrakadi vati, Go jihvaadi Kashaya, Vyaghri haritaki, Kantakaari Avaleha, Dashamul kwath, Sitopaladi</italic>[<xref rid="bib44" ref-type="bibr">44</xref>]<italic>, Talishadi,</italic> and <italic>Yashtimadhu</italic> may be the most suitable drugs to be used at this stage in an integrative model. Those patients showing progression of the disease may immediately require shifting to ICU.</p></sec><sec id="sec4"><label>4</label><title>With moderate to severe COVID-19 symptoms</title><p id="p0065">This category may be the population where the moderate to severe symptoms are already present and the patients also belong to high risk groups. These patients require tertiary care from the beginning itself but can also be co-prescribed with Ayurveda medicines in order to reduce the impact of the pathology and to buy more time to have intensive management[<xref rid="bib45" ref-type="bibr">45</xref>]. Recommended formulations here may include <italic>Pippali rasayana</italic>[<xref rid="bib43" ref-type="bibr">43</xref>]<italic>, Laghu Vasant Malati, Sanjeevani vati, Tribhuvan keerti rasa</italic>[<xref rid="bib46" ref-type="bibr">46</xref>]<italic>, Brihata Vata Chintamni rasa, Mrityunjaya rasa,</italic> and <italic>Siddha makardhvaja rasa</italic>. The key criterion for choosing <italic>rasa aushadhi</italic> in category 3 and 4 as noted above is the urgency of initiation of therapeutic actions. <italic>Rasaaushadi</italic> are shown to have better bioavailability and absorption through sublingual and oral route accounting to the nano size of their particles[<xref rid="bib47" ref-type="bibr">47</xref>]. For example, <italic>suvarna bhasma</italic> has been found to get absorbed well through sublingual administration when mixed with black pepper powder and ghee[<xref rid="bib48" ref-type="bibr">48</xref>].</p><p id="p0070">Along with the above plan, Ayurveda practitioners would require training in screening of the people for associated risk factors. They should also be equipped with modern personal protection equipment and access to diagnostic facilities. Ayurveda hospitals may also be turned as the primary care setups and quarantine for the people having mild symptoms and requiring a constant monitoring. A good networking of AYUSH healthcare authorities with local health authorities may help effective utilisation of human resources in AYUSH community during the current crisis[<xref rid="bib49" ref-type="bibr">49</xref>].</p><p id="p0075">It is also important to mention a caveat here. Ayurveda doctors following the pragmatic action plan presented here should assess the prognosis and advise timely referrals to secondary or tertiary care facilities as per the need of patient. An extra and utmost care should be taken while treating COVID-19 patients/people suspected to have contracted infection of SARS-COV-2.</p><p id="p0080">This action plan, if implemented, has enormous potentials to provide learning and innovative insights. Thus, a proper documentation is crucial. Therefore, it is suggested that a proper documentation of key variables that are essential should be done on each case. These variables should include age, gender, symptoms, geography, contact history, Ayurvedic diagnosis including a <italic>roga</italic> and <italic>rogi bala</italic> examination, improvement or worsening of symptoms, Ayurvedic medicine(s) with dosage, final outcome of the management, referral to secondary/tertiary care, symptoms controlled, cured, and mortality, if any. A follow-up advice upon discharge or stop of medications should also be documented.</p><p id="p0085">TCM has been employed in COVID-19 cases not for their proven effectiveness against the pathogen but rather by utilising the Chinese traditional diagnostic concept identifying the syndromes and suggesting their remedies. Similar approach is also needed to be employed in Ayurveda. Accordingly, instead of employing a western approach alone for judging the efficacy of a formulation on a western diagnosis, Ayurveda should follow its own wisdom for diagnosis and subsequent treatment choice on the basis of <italic>roga</italic> and <italic>rogi bala</italic>, as described above.</p><p id="p0090">There are 3598 AYUSH hospitals available in the country including 2818 Ayurveda hospitals. Similarly, there are 25723 AYUSH dispensaries including 15291 Ayurveda dispensaries. There are total 7.73 lakh registered AYUSH practitioners including 4.28 lakh Ayurveda practitioners[<xref rid="bib50" ref-type="bibr">50</xref>]. There are 8954 AYUSH drug manufacturing units (licensed pharmacies) in the country. Among these, 7718 are Ayurveda pharmacies[<xref rid="bib51" ref-type="bibr">51</xref>]. With this infrastructure and associated human resources, implementation of the proposed action plan seems highly feasible.</p></sec><sec id="sec5"><title>Recommendations and the way forward</title><p id="p0095">Ayurveda has enough potential and possibilities to be employed both for prevention and treatment of COVID-19. This will provide an important opportunity for learning and generating credible evidence[<xref rid="bib52" ref-type="bibr">52</xref>]. It is pertinent to reiterate that participation of Ayurveda in addressing the COVID-19 challenge in India should not remain limited and seen as the extension of healthcare services and support to bio-medical system. Indeed, with adequate monitoring and data keeping during the implementation, important lessons and research directions are likely to emerge on the management of increasingly frequent and virulent communicable diseases. Implementation of proposed action is likely to provide evidence-based insights strengthening the scope of Ayurveda beyond preventive health care and care for non-communicable diseases. AYUSH system across the country has been put on alert for being called anytime to serve the nation. AYUSH healthcare facilities are also being readied to be converted into quarantine facilities in times of need. From this perspective, implementing the suggested intervention plan within AYUSH healthcare facilities by Ayurveda workforce may benefit the nation greatly. India is the country where the world’s oldest living health care system originated and therefore it is being carefully watched by the world community for how it handles the crisis using its own resources. China has done it. 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|texte= COVID-19 Pandemic: A pragmatic plan for Ayurveda Intervention
}}
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HfdIndexSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Pmc/Corpus/RBID.i -Sk "pubmed:32247569" \
| HfdSelect -Kh $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Pmc/Corpus/biblio.hfd \
| NlmPubMed2Wicri -a StressCovidV1
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