Physical Activity across Frailty Phenotypes in Females with Parkinson's Disease
Identifieur interne : 000179 ( Pmc/Curation ); précédent : 000178; suivant : 000180Physical Activity across Frailty Phenotypes in Females with Parkinson's Disease
Auteurs : Kaitlyn P. Roland [Canada] ; Kayla M. D. Cornett [Canada] ; Olga Theou [Canada] ; Jennifer M. Jakobi [Canada] ; Gareth R. Jones [Canada]Source :
- Journal of Aging Research [ 2090-2204 ] ; 2012.
Abstract
Females with Parkinson's disease (PD) are vulnerable to frailty. PD eventually leads to decreased physical activity, an indicator of frailty. We speculate PD results in frailty through reduced physical activity.
Url:
DOI: 10.1155/2012/468156
PubMed: 22919489
PubMed Central: 3420090
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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Physical Activity across Frailty Phenotypes in Females with Parkinson's Disease</title><author><name sortKey="Roland, Kaitlyn P" sort="Roland, Kaitlyn P" uniqKey="Roland K" first="Kaitlyn P." last="Roland">Kaitlyn P. Roland</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I1">Interdisciplinary Graduate Studies, Health and Exercise Sciences, University of British Columbia Okanagan, Kelowna, BC, Canada V1V 1V7</nlm:aff><country>Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>Interdisciplinary Graduate Studies, Health and Exercise Sciences, University of British Columbia Okanagan, Kelowna, BC</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="M D Cornett, Kayla" sort="M D Cornett, Kayla" uniqKey="M D Cornett K" first="Kayla" last="M. D. Cornett">Kayla M. D. Cornett</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I1">Interdisciplinary Graduate Studies, Health and Exercise Sciences, University of British Columbia Okanagan, Kelowna, BC, Canada V1V 1V7</nlm:aff><country>Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>Interdisciplinary Graduate Studies, Health and Exercise Sciences, University of British Columbia Okanagan, Kelowna, BC</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Theou, Olga" sort="Theou, Olga" uniqKey="Theou O" first="Olga" last="Theou">Olga Theou</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I2">Faculty of Geriatrics Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada B3H 2E1</nlm:aff><country>Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>Faculty of Geriatrics Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jakobi, Jennifer M" sort="Jakobi, Jennifer M" uniqKey="Jakobi J" first="Jennifer M." last="Jakobi">Jennifer M. Jakobi</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I3">School of Health and Exercise Sciences, Faculty of Health and Social Development, University of British Columbia Okanagan, 3333 University Way, Kelowna, BC, Canada V1V 1V7</nlm:aff><country>Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>School of Health and Exercise Sciences, Faculty of Health and Social Development, University of British Columbia Okanagan, 3333 University Way, Kelowna, BC</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jones, Gareth R" sort="Jones, Gareth R" uniqKey="Jones G" first="Gareth R." last="Jones">Gareth R. Jones</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I3">School of Health and Exercise Sciences, Faculty of Health and Social Development, University of British Columbia Okanagan, 3333 University Way, Kelowna, BC, Canada V1V 1V7</nlm:aff><country>Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>School of Health and Exercise Sciences, Faculty of Health and Social Development, University of British Columbia Okanagan, 3333 University Way, Kelowna, BC</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">22919489</idno><idno type="pmc">3420090</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3420090</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:3420090</idno><idno type="doi">10.1155/2012/468156</idno><date when="2012">2012</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">000291</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">000291</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Curation">000179</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Curation">000179</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Physical Activity across Frailty Phenotypes in Females with Parkinson's Disease</title><author><name sortKey="Roland, Kaitlyn P" sort="Roland, Kaitlyn P" uniqKey="Roland K" first="Kaitlyn P." last="Roland">Kaitlyn P. Roland</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I1">Interdisciplinary Graduate Studies, Health and Exercise Sciences, University of British Columbia Okanagan, Kelowna, BC, Canada V1V 1V7</nlm:aff><country>Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>Interdisciplinary Graduate Studies, Health and Exercise Sciences, University of British Columbia Okanagan, Kelowna, BC</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="M D Cornett, Kayla" sort="M D Cornett, Kayla" uniqKey="M D Cornett K" first="Kayla" last="M. D. Cornett">Kayla M. D. Cornett</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I1">Interdisciplinary Graduate Studies, Health and Exercise Sciences, University of British Columbia Okanagan, Kelowna, BC, Canada V1V 1V7</nlm:aff><country>Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>Interdisciplinary Graduate Studies, Health and Exercise Sciences, University of British Columbia Okanagan, Kelowna, BC</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Theou, Olga" sort="Theou, Olga" uniqKey="Theou O" first="Olga" last="Theou">Olga Theou</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I2">Faculty of Geriatrics Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada B3H 2E1</nlm:aff><country>Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>Faculty of Geriatrics Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jakobi, Jennifer M" sort="Jakobi, Jennifer M" uniqKey="Jakobi J" first="Jennifer M." last="Jakobi">Jennifer M. Jakobi</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I3">School of Health and Exercise Sciences, Faculty of Health and Social Development, University of British Columbia Okanagan, 3333 University Way, Kelowna, BC, Canada V1V 1V7</nlm:aff><country>Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>School of Health and Exercise Sciences, Faculty of Health and Social Development, University of British Columbia Okanagan, 3333 University Way, Kelowna, BC</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jones, Gareth R" sort="Jones, Gareth R" uniqKey="Jones G" first="Gareth R." last="Jones">Gareth R. Jones</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I3">School of Health and Exercise Sciences, Faculty of Health and Social Development, University of British Columbia Okanagan, 3333 University Way, Kelowna, BC, Canada V1V 1V7</nlm:aff><country>Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>School of Health and Exercise Sciences, Faculty of Health and Social Development, University of British Columbia Okanagan, 3333 University Way, Kelowna, BC</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Journal of Aging Research</title><idno type="ISSN">2090-2204</idno><idno type="eISSN">2090-2212</idno><imprint><date when="2012">2012</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>Females with Parkinson's disease (PD) are vulnerable to frailty. PD eventually leads to decreased physical activity, an indicator of frailty. We speculate PD results in frailty through reduced physical activity. <italic>Objective</italic>. Determine the contribution of physical activity on frailty in PD (<italic>n</italic> = 15, 65 ± 9 years) and non-PD (<italic>n</italic> = 15, 73 ± 14 years) females. <italic>Methods</italic>. Frailty phenotype (nonfrail/prefrail/frail) was categorized and 8 hours of physical activity was measured using accelerometer, global positioning system, and self-report. Two-way ANCOVA (age as covariate) was used to compare physical activity between disease and frailty phenotypes. Spearman correlation assessed relationships, and linear regression determined associations with frailty. <italic>Results</italic>. Nonfrail recorded more physical activity (intensity, counts, self-report) compared with frail. Self-reported physical activity was greater in PD than non-PD. In non-PD, step counts, light physical activity time, sedentary time, and self-reported physical activity were related to frailty (<italic>R</italic> = 0.91). In PD, only carbidopa-levodopa dose was related to frailty (<italic>r</italic> = 0.61). <italic>Conclusion</italic>. Physical activity influences frailty in females without PD. In PD females, disease management may be a better indicator of frailty than physical activity. 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<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">J Aging Res</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">J Aging Res</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">JAR</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>Journal of Aging Research</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2090-2204</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2090-2212</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Hindawi Publishing Corporation</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">22919489</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">3420090</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1155/2012/468156</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Physical Activity across Frailty Phenotypes in Females with Parkinson's Disease</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Roland</surname><given-names>Kaitlyn P.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I1"><sup>1</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>M. D. Cornett</surname><given-names>Kayla</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I1"><sup>1</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Theou</surname><given-names>Olga</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I2"><sup>2</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Jakobi</surname><given-names>Jennifer M.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I3"><sup>3</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Jones</surname><given-names>Gareth R.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I3"><sup>3</sup></xref><xref ref-type="corresp" rid="cor1">*</xref></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="I1"><sup>1</sup>Interdisciplinary Graduate Studies, Health and Exercise Sciences, University of British Columbia Okanagan, Kelowna, BC, Canada V1V 1V7</aff><aff id="I2"><sup>2</sup>Faculty of Geriatrics Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada B3H 2E1</aff><aff id="I3"><sup>3</sup>School of Health and Exercise Sciences, Faculty of Health and Social Development, University of British Columbia Okanagan, 3333 University Way, Kelowna, BC, Canada V1V 1V7</aff><author-notes><corresp id="cor1">*Gareth R. Jones: <email>gareth.jones@ubc.ca</email></corresp><fn fn-type="other"><p>Academic Editor: Barbara Tettenborn</p></fn></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="ppub"><year>2012</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>7</day><month>8</month><year>2012</year></pub-date><volume>2012</volume><elocation-id>468156</elocation-id><history><date date-type="received"><day>3</day><month>2</month><year>2012</year></date><date date-type="rev-recd"><day>2</day><month>6</month><year>2012</year></date><date date-type="accepted"><day>21</day><month>6</month><year>2012</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright © 2012 Kaitlyn P. Roland et al.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2012</copyright-year><license license-type="open-access"><license-p>This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.</license-p></license></permissions><abstract><p>Females with Parkinson's disease (PD) are vulnerable to frailty. PD eventually leads to decreased physical activity, an indicator of frailty. We speculate PD results in frailty through reduced physical activity. <italic>Objective</italic>. Determine the contribution of physical activity on frailty in PD (<italic>n</italic> = 15, 65 ± 9 years) and non-PD (<italic>n</italic> = 15, 73 ± 14 years) females. <italic>Methods</italic>. Frailty phenotype (nonfrail/prefrail/frail) was categorized and 8 hours of physical activity was measured using accelerometer, global positioning system, and self-report. Two-way ANCOVA (age as covariate) was used to compare physical activity between disease and frailty phenotypes. Spearman correlation assessed relationships, and linear regression determined associations with frailty. <italic>Results</italic>. Nonfrail recorded more physical activity (intensity, counts, self-report) compared with frail. Self-reported physical activity was greater in PD than non-PD. In non-PD, step counts, light physical activity time, sedentary time, and self-reported physical activity were related to frailty (<italic>R</italic> = 0.91). In PD, only carbidopa-levodopa dose was related to frailty (<italic>r</italic> = 0.61). <italic>Conclusion</italic>. Physical activity influences frailty in females without PD. In PD females, disease management may be a better indicator of frailty than physical activity. Further investigation into how PD associated factors contribute to frailty is warranted.</p></abstract></article-meta></front><floats-group><fig id="fig1" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure 1</label><caption><p>Relationship between frailty severity, measured by Cardiovascular Health Study frailty index, and daily carbidopa-levodopa dose (mg). Increased step count is positively correlated with greater frailty severity (<italic>r</italic> = 0.61) in females with PD. Females with PD are represented by the <italic>open circles</italic> and <italic>dashed regression line</italic>. </p></caption><graphic xlink:href="JAR2012-468156.001"></graphic></fig><fig id="fig2" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure 2</label><caption><p>Relationship between frailty severity and: (a) daily step count. Total daily step count was negatively correlated with frailty severity (<italic>r</italic> = −0.79) in females without PD; (b) accumulated daily sedentary time. Sedentary time was positively correlated with frailty severity (<italic>r</italic> = 0.84) in females without PD; (c) accumulated light physical activity time. Light activity time was negatively correlated with frailty severity (<italic>r</italic> = −0.82) in females without PD; (d) self-reported leisure activity. Self-reported activity was negatively correlated with greater frailty severity (<italic>r</italic> = −0.82) in females without PD. Females with PD are represented by the <italic>open circle</italic> and <italic>dashed regression line</italic>; females without PD are represented by <italic>the open triangle</italic> and <italic>dotted regression line</italic>. </p></caption><graphic xlink:href="JAR2012-468156.002"></graphic></fig><table-wrap id="tab1" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Table 1</label><caption><p>Participant characteristics across frailty phenotypes in PD and non-PD females.</p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></th><th align="center" colspan="3" rowspan="1">PD</th><th align="center" colspan="3" rowspan="1">Non-PD</th></tr><tr><th align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Nonfrail</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Prefrail</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Frail</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Nonfrail</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Prefrail</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Frail</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>N</italic></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">8</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Age</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">69 ± 1</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">65 ± 10</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">63 ± 11</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">63 ± 8<sup>ab</sup></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">79 ± 14<sup>b</sup></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">90 ± 6</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Body mass index (kg/m<sup>2</sup>)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">26.31 ± 5.6</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">22.95 ± 4.3</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">25.06 ± 4.3</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">23.20 ± 5.7</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">34.60 ± 5.4</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">32.49 ± 12.2</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Number of medications</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4.0 ± 2.0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.9 ± 1.5</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3.3 ± 2.6</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.3 ± 1.3</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6.0 ± 4.2</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5.3 ± 0.6</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">mg carbidopa-levodopa per day</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">366.67 ± 57.7</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">571.43 ± 340.2</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">825.00 ± 330.4</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">carbidopa-levodopa only (<italic>N</italic>)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">carbidopa-levodopa + pram (<italic>N</italic>)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">carbidopa-levodopa + enta (<italic>N</italic>)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">carbidopa-levodopa + enta + pram (<italic>N</italic>)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">carbidopa-levodopa + aman + rop (<italic>N</italic>)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Hoehn & Yahr disease severity</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.83 ± 0.8</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.86 ± 0.6</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.50 ± 0.4</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr></tbody></table><table-wrap-foot><fn><p>PD: Parkinson's disease, <italic>N</italic>: number, kg: kilogram, m: meter, mg: milligram, pram: pramipexole, enta: entacapone, aman, amantadine, and rop: ropinirole.</p></fn><fn><p><sup>a</sup>Significantly different from prefrail.</p></fn><fn><p><sup>b</sup>Significantly different from frail.</p></fn></table-wrap-foot></table-wrap><table-wrap id="tab2" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Table 2</label><caption><p>Main effects on physical activity variables.</p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">PD</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Non-PD</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Nonfrail</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Prefrail</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Frail</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Number</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">15</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">15</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">12</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">11</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Total steps</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3476 ± 2814</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3731 ± 3827</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5624 ± 3309<sup>a</sup></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3019 ± 3290</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1636 ± 1599</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">% time spent sedentary</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">61.7 ± 14.1</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">60.9 ± 16.6</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">49.39 ± 9.5<sup>a</sup></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">66.4 ± 14.6</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">71.9 ± 11.3</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">% time at light activity</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">32.2 ± 10.6</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">31.7 ± 10.6</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">39.4 ± 7.4<sup>a</sup></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">28.6 ± 10.2</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">25.2 ± 8.2</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">MLTA questionnaire</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3052.3 ± 1611.6<sup>b</sup></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2015.0 ± 1517.4</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3045.0 ± 1096.2<sup>a</sup></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2826.4 ± 1790.4<sup>a</sup></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1196.1 ± 1493.7</td></tr></tbody></table><table-wrap-foot><fn><p>Analysis adjusted for age.</p></fn><fn><p>%: percent, MLTA: Minnesota Leisure Time Activity, and PD: Parkinson's disease. </p></fn><fn><p><sup>a</sup>Significantly different from frail, <italic>P</italic> < 0.05.</p></fn><fn><p><sup>b</sup>Significantly different from non-PD, <italic>P</italic> = 0.03.</p></fn></table-wrap-foot></table-wrap><table-wrap id="tab3" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Table 3</label><caption><p>The relationship of physical activity variables to frailty severity in non-PD females.</p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></th><th rowspan="1" colspan="1">ANOVA</th><th align="center" colspan="2" rowspan="1">Spearman correlation</th><th align="center" colspan="2" rowspan="1">Linear regression</th></tr><tr><th align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></th><th rowspan="1" colspan="1">Main effect (<italic>P</italic>)</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Correlation coefficient (<italic>r</italic>)</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Significance (<italic>P</italic>)</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Beta coefficient (<italic>β</italic>)</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Significance (<italic>P</italic>)</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Accelerometer: total counts</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Total steps counts<sup>∗</sup></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.046</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.79</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.001</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.113</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.202</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Total activity counts</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">NS</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.75</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.001</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Total activity time (min)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">NS</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.59</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.001</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Accelerometer: intensity</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> % time spent sedentary<sup>∗</sup></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.002</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.84</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.000</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.602</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.110</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> % time at light activity<sup>∗</sup></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.012</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.82</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.000</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.225</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.226</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> % time at MV activity</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">NS</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.81</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.000</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">GPS</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Total distance travelled (km)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">NS</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.63</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.012</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Average travel speed (km/h)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">NS</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.58</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.023</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Physical activity time (min)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">NS</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.54</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.036</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Self-reported activity</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> MLTA questionnaire (kcal/week)<sup>∗</sup></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.007</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.82</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.000</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.386</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.108</td></tr></tbody></table><table-wrap-foot><fn><p>%: percentage; GPS: global positioning system; h: hour; kcal: kilocalories; km: kilometers; MLTA: Minnesota Leisure Time Activity; min: minutes; MV: moderate-vigorous; PD: Parkinson's disease; NS: nonsignificant (<italic>P</italic> > 0.05).</p></fn><fn><p><sup>∗</sup>Significant main effects, therefore included in regression model.</p></fn></table-wrap-foot></table-wrap></floats-group></pmc></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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