Biological and social influences on cognitive control processes dependent on prefrontal cortex
Identifieur interne : 000074 ( Ncbi/Curation ); précédent : 000073; suivant : 000075Biological and social influences on cognitive control processes dependent on prefrontal cortex
Auteurs : Adele DiamondSource :
- Progress in brain research [ 0079-6123 ] ; 2011.
Abstract
Cognitive control functions (“executive functions” [EFs] such as attentional control, self-regulation, working memory, and inhibition) that depend on prefrontal cortex (PFC) are critical for success in school and in life. Many children begin school lacking needed EF skills. Disturbances in EFs occur in many mental health disorders, such as ADHD and depression. This chapter addresses modulation of EFs by
Url:
DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-444-53884-0.00032-4
PubMed: 21489397
PubMed Central: 4103914
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PMC:4103914Le document en format XML
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<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p id="P1">Cognitive control functions (“executive functions” [EFs] such as attentional control, self-regulation, working memory, and inhibition) that depend on prefrontal cortex (PFC) are critical for success in school and in life. Many children begin school lacking needed EF skills. Disturbances in EFs occur in many mental health disorders, such as ADHD and depression. This chapter addresses modulation of EFs by <italic>biology</italic>
(genes and neurochemistry) and the <italic>environment</italic>
(including school programs) with implications for clinical disorders and for education. Unusual properties of the prefrontal dopamine system contribute to PFC’s vulnerability to environmental and genetic variations that have little effect elsewhere. EFs depend on a late-maturing brain region (PFC), yet they can be improved even in infants and preschoolers, without specialists or fancy equipment. Research shows that activities often squeezed out of school curricula (play, physical education, and the arts) rather than detracting from academic achievement help improve EFs and enhance academic outcomes. Such practices may also head off problems before they lead to diagnoses of EF impairments, including ADHD. Many issues are not simply education issues or health issues; they are both.</p>
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