Sources of economic growth
Identifieur interne : 000954 ( Main/Merge ); précédent : 000953; suivant : 000955Sources of economic growth
Auteurs : Robert J. Barro [États-Unis] ; Jong-Wha LeeSource :
- Carnegie-Rochester Conference Series on Public Policy [ 0167-2231 ] ; 1994.
English descriptors
- Teeft :
- Actual growth rates, Actual value, Additional information, African countries, Attainment, Average growth rate, Average number, Average years, Barro, Basic regressions, Botswana, Broad sample, Caput, Cause problems, Civil liberties, Coefficient, Conditional convergence, Convergence, Convergence effect, Convergence term, Determinant, Different effects, Direct effects, Domestic investment, East asia, Economic growth, Ecuador, Educational attainment, Effect switches, Effective worker, Enrollment, Enrollment ratios, Environmental variables, Equal coefficients, Equal coeffs, Expectancy, Explanatory, Explanatory variables, External wars, Female attainment, Female schooling, Female years, Fertility, Fertility rate, First column, First decade, First differences, First period, Foreign exchange, Full sample, Government consumption, Gross notes, Growth effects, Growth equations, Growth rate, Growth rates, Growth regressions, Harvard university, Heston, Heston version, High investment, High levels, High ratio, Higher fertility, Higher growth, Higher level, Higher life expectancy, Higher value, Highest quintile, Hong kong, Human capital, Independent variables, Infant mortality, Initial level, Initial levels, Initial values, Inst, Instrumental estimates, Investment ratio, Investment ratios, Jamaica, Joint significance, Kuwait, Large government, Latin america, Latin american dummies, Lesotho, Life expectancy, Linear term, Long time, Lowest quintile, Male attainment, Male education, Male school attainment, Male schooling, Market distortions, Measurement error, More freedom, More income, Mort, Mozambique, Negative effect, Negative effects, Neoclassical growth model, Nonlinear effects, Oecd, Oecd countries, Other markets, Other terms, Other variables, Other words, Panel data, Panel estimates, Percentage points, Physical capital, Political corruption, Political freedom, Political instability, Political rights, Political stability, Poorer countries, Population growth, Population growth rate, Positive effect, Positive relation, Positive role, Previous studies, Primary enrollment, Primary level, Propensity, Property rights, Quintile, Regression, Regression results, Relative price, Residual, Residual errors, Revolution propensity, Rwanda, Sample range, Saudi arabia, School attainment, School enrollment, Schooling, Second decade, Secondary attainment, Secondary enrollment, Secondary level, Secondary schooling, Serial corr, Serial correlation, Singapore, Single year, Squared term, State variables, Tariff rates, Time period, Time series, Total fertility rate, Value proj, World bank, World bank data.
Abstract
Abstract: For 116 countries from 1965 to 1985, the lowest quintile had an average growth rate of real per capita GDP of - 1.3%, whereas the highest quintile had an average of 4.8%. We isolate five influences that discriminate reasonably well between the slow-and fast-growers: a conditional convergence effect, whereby a country grows faster if it begins with lower real per-capita GDP relative to its initial level of human capital in the forms of educational attainment and health; a positive effect on growth from a high ratio of investment to GDP (although this effect is weaker than that reported in some previous studies); a negative effect from overly large government; a negative effect from government-induced distortions of markets; and a negative effect from political instability. Overall, the fifted growth rates for 85 countries for 1965–1985 had a correlation of 0.8 with the actual values. We also find that female educational attainment has a pronounced negative effect on fertility, whereas female and male attainment are each positively related to life expectancy and negatively related to infant mortality. Male attainment plays a positive role in primary-school enrollment ratios, and male and female attainment relate positively to enrollment at the secondary level.
Url:
DOI: 10.1016/0167-2231(94)90002-7
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ISTEX:5FF434FDE5E0EA394A50393191405B7F3D524F13Le document en format XML
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<placeName><region type="state">Massachusetts</region>
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<profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="Teeft" xml:lang="en"><term>Actual growth rates</term>
<term>Actual value</term>
<term>Additional information</term>
<term>African countries</term>
<term>Attainment</term>
<term>Average growth rate</term>
<term>Average number</term>
<term>Average years</term>
<term>Barro</term>
<term>Basic regressions</term>
<term>Botswana</term>
<term>Broad sample</term>
<term>Caput</term>
<term>Cause problems</term>
<term>Civil liberties</term>
<term>Coefficient</term>
<term>Conditional convergence</term>
<term>Convergence</term>
<term>Convergence effect</term>
<term>Convergence term</term>
<term>Determinant</term>
<term>Different effects</term>
<term>Direct effects</term>
<term>Domestic investment</term>
<term>East asia</term>
<term>Economic growth</term>
<term>Ecuador</term>
<term>Educational attainment</term>
<term>Effect switches</term>
<term>Effective worker</term>
<term>Enrollment</term>
<term>Enrollment ratios</term>
<term>Environmental variables</term>
<term>Equal coefficients</term>
<term>Equal coeffs</term>
<term>Expectancy</term>
<term>Explanatory</term>
<term>Explanatory variables</term>
<term>External wars</term>
<term>Female attainment</term>
<term>Female schooling</term>
<term>Female years</term>
<term>Fertility</term>
<term>Fertility rate</term>
<term>First column</term>
<term>First decade</term>
<term>First differences</term>
<term>First period</term>
<term>Foreign exchange</term>
<term>Full sample</term>
<term>Government consumption</term>
<term>Gross notes</term>
<term>Growth effects</term>
<term>Growth equations</term>
<term>Growth rate</term>
<term>Growth rates</term>
<term>Growth regressions</term>
<term>Harvard university</term>
<term>Heston</term>
<term>Heston version</term>
<term>High investment</term>
<term>High levels</term>
<term>High ratio</term>
<term>Higher fertility</term>
<term>Higher growth</term>
<term>Higher level</term>
<term>Higher life expectancy</term>
<term>Higher value</term>
<term>Highest quintile</term>
<term>Hong kong</term>
<term>Human capital</term>
<term>Independent variables</term>
<term>Infant mortality</term>
<term>Initial level</term>
<term>Initial levels</term>
<term>Initial values</term>
<term>Inst</term>
<term>Instrumental estimates</term>
<term>Investment ratio</term>
<term>Investment ratios</term>
<term>Jamaica</term>
<term>Joint significance</term>
<term>Kuwait</term>
<term>Large government</term>
<term>Latin america</term>
<term>Latin american dummies</term>
<term>Lesotho</term>
<term>Life expectancy</term>
<term>Linear term</term>
<term>Long time</term>
<term>Lowest quintile</term>
<term>Male attainment</term>
<term>Male education</term>
<term>Male school attainment</term>
<term>Male schooling</term>
<term>Market distortions</term>
<term>Measurement error</term>
<term>More freedom</term>
<term>More income</term>
<term>Mort</term>
<term>Mozambique</term>
<term>Negative effect</term>
<term>Negative effects</term>
<term>Neoclassical growth model</term>
<term>Nonlinear effects</term>
<term>Oecd</term>
<term>Oecd countries</term>
<term>Other markets</term>
<term>Other terms</term>
<term>Other variables</term>
<term>Other words</term>
<term>Panel data</term>
<term>Panel estimates</term>
<term>Percentage points</term>
<term>Physical capital</term>
<term>Political corruption</term>
<term>Political freedom</term>
<term>Political instability</term>
<term>Political rights</term>
<term>Political stability</term>
<term>Poorer countries</term>
<term>Population growth</term>
<term>Population growth rate</term>
<term>Positive effect</term>
<term>Positive relation</term>
<term>Positive role</term>
<term>Previous studies</term>
<term>Primary enrollment</term>
<term>Primary level</term>
<term>Propensity</term>
<term>Property rights</term>
<term>Quintile</term>
<term>Regression</term>
<term>Regression results</term>
<term>Relative price</term>
<term>Residual</term>
<term>Residual errors</term>
<term>Revolution propensity</term>
<term>Rwanda</term>
<term>Sample range</term>
<term>Saudi arabia</term>
<term>School attainment</term>
<term>School enrollment</term>
<term>Schooling</term>
<term>Second decade</term>
<term>Secondary attainment</term>
<term>Secondary enrollment</term>
<term>Secondary level</term>
<term>Secondary schooling</term>
<term>Serial corr</term>
<term>Serial correlation</term>
<term>Singapore</term>
<term>Single year</term>
<term>Squared term</term>
<term>State variables</term>
<term>Tariff rates</term>
<term>Time period</term>
<term>Time series</term>
<term>Total fertility rate</term>
<term>Value proj</term>
<term>World bank</term>
<term>World bank data</term>
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<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Abstract: For 116 countries from 1965 to 1985, the lowest quintile had an average growth rate of real per capita GDP of - 1.3%, whereas the highest quintile had an average of 4.8%. We isolate five influences that discriminate reasonably well between the slow-and fast-growers: a conditional convergence effect, whereby a country grows faster if it begins with lower real per-capita GDP relative to its initial level of human capital in the forms of educational attainment and health; a positive effect on growth from a high ratio of investment to GDP (although this effect is weaker than that reported in some previous studies); a negative effect from overly large government; a negative effect from government-induced distortions of markets; and a negative effect from political instability. Overall, the fifted growth rates for 85 countries for 1965–1985 had a correlation of 0.8 with the actual values. We also find that female educational attainment has a pronounced negative effect on fertility, whereas female and male attainment are each positively related to life expectancy and negatively related to infant mortality. Male attainment plays a positive role in primary-school enrollment ratios, and male and female attainment relate positively to enrollment at the secondary level.</div>
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