Bias of reduced‐effort community surveys for adult Odonata of lentic waters
Identifieur interne : 000A51 ( Istex/Corpus ); précédent : 000A50; suivant : 000A52Bias of reduced‐effort community surveys for adult Odonata of lentic waters
Auteurs : Jason T. Bried ; Barbara J. Hager ; Pamela D. Hunt ; Jennette N. Fox ; Heather J. Jensen ; Kelly M. VowelsSource :
- Insect Conservation and Diversity [ 1752-458X ] ; 2012-05.
English descriptors
- Teeft :
- Adult odonata, Adult odonate richness, Adult odonates, Authors insect conservation, Biweekly, Biweekly surveys, Bootstrap, Bootstrap intervals, Bried, Bried ervin, Butler demaynadier, Compositional comparisons, Data analysis, Data subsets, Ecological, Ecological entomology, Ecological restoration, Ecology, Effort levels, Emergent zone, Entomological, Foote hornung, Fourth surveys, Frequency length, Frequency length subset, Full data, Full effort, Greatest conservation need, Greatest rate, Hornung, Hornung rice, Inferential biases, Information loss, Insect conservation, Large variation, Lentic study sites, Lythrum salicaria, Manmade pond, Odonata, Odonata species, Odonata surveys, Odonate, Orderly surveys, Original effort, Osborn samways, Preliminary study, Rare species, Reece mcintyre, Regular intervals, Representative species assemblage, Representative spectrum, Resampling stats, Resident species, Restoration ecology, Richness, Royal entomological society, Sample coverage, Samways, Samways sharratt, Single year, Smallest effort, Species loss, Species richness, Species sightings, Study objectives, Study sites, Subset, Subset vector, Survey bias, Survey effort, Survey frequency, Survey length, Total detections, True richness, Typha, Wetland.
Abstract
Abstract. 1. Repeat surveys are needed to capture a representative spectrum of adult odonate richness at a site, but specifics on frequency and duration of surveys and associated inferential biases are poorly understood.
2. Weekly 1 h surveys of mature male dragonflies and damselflies were repeated at least 15 times at 19 ponds, lakes and wetlands scattered throughout North America. For each site, we tallied the data remaining when the weekly frequency was reduced to 75% (every 1.5 weeks), 50% (biweekly), 33% (triweekly), and 25% (monthly) and the 1 h survey to 50, 40, 30, 20 and 10 min subsets.
3. Reducing the original effort by half (i.e. to 30 min biweekly) retained about 80% of the species on average. The smallest effort (10 min monthly) retained about 49% of species. The greatest rate of information loss occurred between 20 and 10 min.
4. Across‐site analysis found that data subsets correlated to the original data set (r > 0.81) despite up to 50% species loss. Strong correlations (r ≥ 0.98) remained with 10–15% species loss.
5. Biweekly surveys lasting 20–40 min each may provide a representative and cost‐effective sample of adult odonate richness in lentic study sites. Losing a handful of species should not greatly undermine richness and compositional comparisons among sites.
Url:
DOI: 10.1111/j.1752-4598.2011.00156.x
Links to Exploration step
ISTEX:29BAA31DE951409F12D0306827D6F994A056AC52Le document en format XML
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Hunt</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Audubon Society of New Hampshire, Concord, NH, USA</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fox, Jennette N" sort="Fox, Jennette N" uniqKey="Fox J" first="Jennette N." last="Fox">Jennette N. Fox</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jensen, Heather J" sort="Jensen, Heather J" uniqKey="Jensen H" first="Heather J." last="Jensen">Heather J. Jensen</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Superior National Forest, Duluth, MN, USA</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vowels, Kelly M" sort="Vowels, Kelly M" uniqKey="Vowels K" first="Kelly M." last="Vowels">Kelly M. 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Bried</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Albany Pine Bush Preserve Commission, Albany, NY, USA</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hager, Barbara J" sort="Hager, Barbara J" uniqKey="Hager B" first="Barbara J." last="Hager">Barbara J. Hager</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Cazenovia College, Cazenovia, NY, USA</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hunt, Pamela D" sort="Hunt, Pamela D" uniqKey="Hunt P" first="Pamela D." last="Hunt">Pamela D. Hunt</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Audubon Society of New Hampshire, Concord, NH, USA</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fox, Jennette N" sort="Fox, Jennette N" uniqKey="Fox J" first="Jennette N." last="Fox">Jennette N. Fox</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jensen, Heather J" sort="Jensen, Heather J" uniqKey="Jensen H" first="Heather J." last="Jensen">Heather J. Jensen</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Superior National Forest, Duluth, MN, USA</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vowels, Kelly M" sort="Vowels, Kelly M" uniqKey="Vowels K" first="Kelly M." last="Vowels">Kelly M. 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Repeat surveys are needed to capture a representative spectrum of adult odonate richness at a site, but specifics on frequency and duration of surveys and associated inferential biases are poorly understood.</div><div type="abstract">2. Weekly 1 h surveys of mature male dragonflies and damselflies were repeated at least 15 times at 19 ponds, lakes and wetlands scattered throughout North America. For each site, we tallied the data remaining when the weekly frequency was reduced to 75% (every 1.5 weeks), 50% (biweekly), 33% (triweekly), and 25% (monthly) and the 1 h survey to 50, 40, 30, 20 and 10 min subsets.</div><div type="abstract">3. Reducing the original effort by half (i.e. to 30 min biweekly) retained about 80% of the species on average. The smallest effort (10 min monthly) retained about 49% of species. The greatest rate of information loss occurred between 20 and 10 min.</div><div type="abstract">4. Across‐site analysis found that data subsets correlated to the original data set (r > 0.81) despite up to 50% species loss. Strong correlations (r ≥ 0.98) remained with 10–15% species loss.</div><div type="abstract">5. Biweekly surveys lasting 20–40 min each may provide a representative and cost‐effective sample of adult odonate richness in lentic study sites. 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VOWELS</name><affiliations><json:string>Bernheim Arboretum & Research Forest, Clermont, KY, USA</json:string></affiliations></json:item></author><subject><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>Dragonflies</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>North America</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>species richness</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>survey effort</value></json:item></subject><articleId><json:string>ICAD156</json:string></articleId><arkIstex>ark:/67375/WNG-JDVFPL69-C</arkIstex><language><json:string>eng</json:string></language><originalGenre><json:string>article</json:string></originalGenre><abstract>Abstract. 1. Repeat surveys are needed to capture a representative spectrum of adult odonate richness at a site, but specifics on frequency and duration of surveys and associated inferential biases are poorly understood.</abstract><qualityIndicators><score>7.384</score><pdfWordCount>5021</pdfWordCount><pdfCharCount>32993</pdfCharCount><pdfVersion>1.3</pdfVersion><pdfPageCount>10</pdfPageCount><pdfPageSize>595.276 x 793.701 pts</pdfPageSize><refBibsNative>true</refBibsNative><abstractWordCount>32</abstractWordCount><abstractCharCount>221</abstractCharCount><keywordCount>4</keywordCount></qualityIndicators><title>Bias of reduced‐effort community surveys for adult Odonata of lentic waters</title><genre><json:string>article</json:string></genre><host><title>Insect Conservation and Diversity</title><language><json:string>unknown</json:string></language><doi><json:string>10.1111/(ISSN)1752-4598</json:string></doi><issn><json:string>1752-458X</json:string></issn><eissn><json:string>1752-4598</json:string></eissn><publisherId><json:string>ICAD</json:string></publisherId><volume>5</volume><issue>3</issue><pages><first>213</first><last>222</last><total>10</total></pages><genre><json:string>journal</json:string></genre></host><namedEntities><unitex><date><json:string>2012</json:string><json:string>1000</json:string></date><geogName></geogName><orgName><json:string>Superior National Forest, Duluth, MN, USA</json:string><json:string>Research Forest, Clermont, KY, USA Abstract</json:string><json:string>Albany Pine Bush Preserve Commission, Albany, NY, USA</json:string><json:string>Resampling Stats Inc.</json:string><json:string>Carleton University</json:string></orgName><orgName_funder></orgName_funder><orgName_provider></orgName_provider><persName><json:string>Nancy Thomas</json:string><json:string>Richard Day</json:string><json:string>Thibault Doix</json:string><json:string>Kathy Biggs</json:string><json:string>Dave Potter</json:string><json:string>Bill Shields</json:string><json:string>Janis Paseka</json:string><json:string>Marjorie Hughes</json:string><json:string>S. Blank</json:string><json:string>Dennis McNair</json:string><json:string>Amanda Dillon</json:string><json:string>Ashley Rathman</json:string><json:string>Species</json:string></persName><placeName><json:string>Columbia</json:string><json:string>Canada</json:string><json:string>Arlington</json:string><json:string>VA</json:string><json:string>USA</json:string><json:string>America</json:string><json:string>York</json:string><json:string>Ottawa</json:string><json:string>New Hampshire</json:string></placeName><ref_url></ref_url><ref_bibl><json:string>Samways et al., 2011</json:string><json:string>Schmidt, 1985</json:string><json:string>Kadoya et al., 2004</json:string><json:string>Colwell, 2009</json:string><json:string>Butler & deMaynadier, 2008</json:string><json:string>Hornung & Rice, 2003</json:string><json:string>Reece & McIntyre, 2009</json:string><json:string>Lee & Chao, 1994</json:string><json:string>Wissinger, 1988</json:string><json:string>Vellend et al., 2008</json:string><json:string>Gotelli & Colwell, 2001</json:string><json:string>Kadoya et al., 2008</json:string><json:string>Amico et al., 2004</json:string><json:string>but see Osborn & Samways, 1996</json:string><json:string>Corbet et al., 2006</json:string><json:string>Kadoya et al., 2004, 2008</json:string><json:string>Corbet, 1999</json:string><json:string>Jason T. Bried et al.</json:string><json:string>McCauley, 2006</json:string><json:string>Osborn & Samways, 1996</json:string><json:string>Kery & Plattner, 2007</json:string><json:string>Raebel et al., 2010</json:string><json:string>Dixon, 2001</json:string><json:string>Yamaura et al., 2011</json:string><json:string>Bried et al., 2007b</json:string><json:string>Bried & Ervin, 2005</json:string><json:string>Hawking & New, 2003</json:string><json:string>Conservation and Diversity (2012)</json:string><json:string>Effron & Tibshirani, 1993</json:string><json:string>see Bried & Mazzacano, 2010</json:string><json:string>Bried et al., 2007a</json:string><json:string>Gibbons et al., 2002</json:string><json:string>Brose et al., 2003</json:string><json:string>Samways & Sharratt, 2010</json:string><json:string>Vellend et al. (2008)</json:string><json:string>Scalercio et al., 2009</json:string><json:string>Corbet, 1980</json:string><json:string>Foggo et al., 2003</json:string><json:string>Summerville & Crist, 2005</json:string><json:string>Foote & Hornung, 2005</json:string><json:string>Rith-Najarian, 1998</json:string></ref_bibl><bibl></bibl></unitex></namedEntities><ark><json:string>ark:/67375/WNG-JDVFPL69-C</json:string></ark><categories><wos><json:string>1 - science</json:string><json:string>2 - entomology</json:string></wos><scienceMetrix></scienceMetrix><scopus><json:string>1 - Life Sciences</json:string><json:string>2 - Agricultural and Biological Sciences</json:string><json:string>3 - Insect Science</json:string><json:string>1 - Life Sciences</json:string><json:string>2 - Agricultural and Biological Sciences</json:string><json:string>3 - Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics</json:string></scopus></categories><publicationDate>2012</publicationDate><copyrightDate>2012</copyrightDate><doi><json:string>10.1111/j.1752-4598.2011.00156.x</json:string></doi><id>29BAA31DE951409F12D0306827D6F994A056AC52</id><score>1</score><fulltext><json:item><extension>pdf</extension><original>true</original><mimetype>application/pdf</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/29BAA31DE951409F12D0306827D6F994A056AC52/fulltext/pdf</uri></json:item><json:item><extension>zip</extension><original>false</original><mimetype>application/zip</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/29BAA31DE951409F12D0306827D6F994A056AC52/fulltext/zip</uri></json:item><istex:fulltextTEI uri="https://api.istex.fr/document/29BAA31DE951409F12D0306827D6F994A056AC52/fulltext/tei"><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title level="a" type="main">Bias of reduced‐effort community surveys for adult Odonata of lentic waters</title></titleStmt><publicationStmt><authority>ISTEX</authority><publisher>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher><pubPlace>Oxford, UK</pubPlace><availability><licence>© 2011 The Authors. Insect Conservation and Diversity © 2011 The Royal Entomological Society</licence></availability><date type="published" when="2012-05"></date></publicationStmt><notesStmt><note type="content-type" subtype="article" source="article" scheme="https://content-type.data.istex.fr/ark:/67375/XTP-6N5SZHKN-D">article</note><note type="publication-type" subtype="journal" scheme="https://publication-type.data.istex.fr/ark:/67375/JMC-0GLKJH51-B">journal</note></notesStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct type="article"><analytic><title level="a" type="main">Bias of reduced‐effort community surveys for adult Odonata of lentic waters</title><title level="a" type="short">Bias of reduced‐effort Odonata surveys</title><author xml:id="author-0000"><persName><forename type="first">JASON T.</forename><surname>BRIED</surname></persName><affiliation>Albany Pine Bush Preserve Commission, Albany, NY, USA<address><country key="US"></country></address></affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0001"><persName><forename type="first">BARBARA J.</forename><surname>HAGER</surname></persName><affiliation>Cazenovia College, Cazenovia, NY, USA<address><country key="US"></country></address></affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0002"><persName><forename type="first">PAMELA D.</forename><surname>HUNT</surname></persName><affiliation>Audubon Society of New Hampshire, Concord, NH, USA<address><country key="US"></country></address></affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0003"><persName><forename type="first">JENNETTE N.</forename><surname>FOX</surname></persName><affiliation>Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada<address><country key="CA"></country></address></affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0004"><persName><forename type="first">HEATHER J.</forename><surname>JENSEN</surname></persName><affiliation>Superior National Forest, Duluth, MN, USA<address><country key="US"></country></address></affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0005"><persName><forename type="first">KELLY M.</forename><surname>VOWELS</surname></persName><affiliation>Bernheim Arboretum & Research Forest, Clermont, KY, USA<address><country key="US"></country></address></affiliation></author><idno type="istex">29BAA31DE951409F12D0306827D6F994A056AC52</idno><idno type="ark">ark:/67375/WNG-JDVFPL69-C</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1111/j.1752-4598.2011.00156.x</idno><idno type="unit">ICAD156</idno><idno type="toTypesetVersion">file:ICAD.ICAD156.pdf</idno></analytic><monogr><title level="j" type="main">Insect Conservation and Diversity</title><title level="j" type="alt">INSECT CONSERVATION DIVERSITY</title><idno type="pISSN">1752-458X</idno><idno type="eISSN">1752-4598</idno><idno type="book-DOI">10.1111/(ISSN)1752-4598</idno><idno type="book-part-DOI">10.1111/icad.2012.5.issue-3</idno><idno type="product">ICAD</idno><idno type="publisherDivision">ST</idno><imprint><biblScope unit="vol">5</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">3</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="213">213</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="222">222</biblScope><biblScope unit="page-count">10</biblScope><publisher>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher><pubPlace>Oxford, UK</pubPlace><date type="published" when="2012-05"></date></imprint></monogr></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><abstract xml:lang="en" style="main"><p><hi rend="bold">Abstract. </hi> 1. Repeat surveys are needed to capture a representative spectrum of adult odonate richness at a site, but specifics on frequency and duration of surveys and associated inferential biases are poorly understood.</p><p>2. Weekly 1 h surveys of mature male dragonflies and damselflies were repeated at least 15 times at 19 ponds, lakes and wetlands scattered throughout North America. For each site, we tallied the data remaining when the weekly frequency was reduced to 75% (every 1.5 weeks), 50% (biweekly), 33% (triweekly), and 25% (monthly) and the 1 h survey to 50, 40, 30, 20 and 10 min subsets.</p><p>3. Reducing the original effort by half (i.e. to 30 min biweekly) retained about 80% of the species on average. The smallest effort (10 min monthly) retained about 49% of species. The greatest rate of information loss occurred between 20 and 10 min.</p><p>4. Across‐site analysis found that data subsets correlated to the original data set (<hi rend="italic">r </hi>><hi rend="italic"> </hi>0.81) despite up to 50% species loss. Strong correlations (<hi rend="italic">r </hi>≥<hi rend="italic"> </hi>0.98) remained with 10–15% species loss.</p><p>5. Biweekly surveys lasting 20–40 min each may provide a representative and cost‐effective sample of adult odonate richness in lentic study sites. Losing a handful of species should not greatly undermine richness and compositional comparisons among sites.</p></abstract><textClass><keywords xml:lang="en"><term xml:id="k1">Dragonflies</term><term xml:id="k2">North America</term><term xml:id="k3">species richness</term><term xml:id="k4">survey effort</term></keywords><keywords rend="tocHeading1"><term>Original Articles</term></keywords></textClass><langUsage><language ident="en"></language></langUsage></profileDesc></teiHeader></istex:fulltextTEI><json:item><extension>txt</extension><original>false</original><mimetype>text/plain</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/29BAA31DE951409F12D0306827D6F994A056AC52/fulltext/txt</uri></json:item></fulltext><metadata><istex:metadataXml wicri:clean="Wiley, elements deleted: body"><istex:xmlDeclaration>version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="yes"</istex:xmlDeclaration><istex:document><component version="2.0" type="serialArticle" xml:lang="en"><header><publicationMeta level="product"><publisherInfo><publisherName>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisherName><publisherLoc>Oxford, UK</publisherLoc></publisherInfo><doi origin="wiley" registered="yes">10.1111/(ISSN)1752-4598</doi><issn type="print">1752-458X</issn><issn type="electronic">1752-4598</issn><idGroup><id type="product" value="ICAD"></id><id type="publisherDivision" value="ST"></id></idGroup><titleGroup><title type="main" sort="INSECT CONSERVATION DIVERSITY">Insect Conservation and Diversity</title></titleGroup></publicationMeta><publicationMeta level="part" position="05103"><doi origin="wiley">10.1111/icad.2012.5.issue-3</doi><numberingGroup><numbering type="journalVolume" number="5">5</numbering><numbering type="journalIssue" number="3">3</numbering></numberingGroup><coverDate startDate="2012-05">May 2012</coverDate></publicationMeta><publicationMeta level="unit" type="article" position="5" status="forIssue"><doi origin="wiley">10.1111/j.1752-4598.2011.00156.x</doi><idGroup><id type="unit" value="ICAD156"></id></idGroup><countGroup><count type="pageTotal" number="10"></count></countGroup><titleGroup><title type="tocHeading1"><i>Original Articles</i></title></titleGroup><copyright>© 2011 The Authors. Insect Conservation and Diversity © 2011 The Royal Entomological Society</copyright><eventGroup><event type="xmlConverted" agent="Converter:BPG_TO_WML3G version:3.1.5 mode:FullText" date="2012-05-20"></event><event type="publishedOnlineEarlyUnpaginated" date="2011-06-09"></event><event type="firstOnline" date="2011-06-09"></event><event type="publishedOnlineFinalForm" date="2012-05-20"></event><event type="xmlConverted" agent="Converter:WILEY_ML3G_TO_WILEY_ML3GV2 version:3.8.8" date="2014-01-27"></event><event type="xmlConverted" agent="Converter:WML3G_To_WML3G version:4.3.4 mode:FullText" date="2015-02-25"></event></eventGroup><numberingGroup><numbering type="pageFirst" number="213">213</numbering><numbering type="pageLast" number="222">222</numbering></numberingGroup><correspondenceTo>Jason T. Bried, Albany Pine Bush Preserve Commission, Albany, NY, USA. E‐mail: <email>jbried@albanypinebush.org</email></correspondenceTo><objectNameGroup><objectName elementName="appendix">Appendix</objectName></objectNameGroup><linkGroup><link type="toTypesetVersion" href="file:ICAD.ICAD156.pdf"></link></linkGroup></publicationMeta><contentMeta><unparsedEditorialHistory>Accepted 6 May 2011 First published online 9 June 2011 Editor: Yoshitaka Tsubaki Associate editor: Goran Sahlen</unparsedEditorialHistory><countGroup><count type="figureTotal" number="1"></count><count type="tableTotal" number="4"></count></countGroup><titleGroup><title type="main">Bias of reduced‐effort community surveys for adult Odonata of lentic waters</title><title type="shortAuthors"><i>Jason T. Bried</i> et al.</title><title type="short"><i>Bias of reduced‐effort Odonata surveys</i></title></titleGroup><creators><creator creatorRole="author" xml:id="cr1" affiliationRef="#a1"><personName><givenNames>JASON T.</givenNames><familyName>BRIED</familyName></personName></creator><creator creatorRole="author" xml:id="cr2" affiliationRef="#a2"><personName><givenNames>BARBARA J.</givenNames><familyName>HAGER</familyName></personName></creator><creator creatorRole="author" xml:id="cr3" affiliationRef="#a3"><personName><givenNames>PAMELA D.</givenNames><familyName>HUNT</familyName></personName></creator><creator creatorRole="author" xml:id="cr4" affiliationRef="#a4"><personName><givenNames>JENNETTE N.</givenNames><familyName>FOX</familyName></personName></creator><creator creatorRole="author" xml:id="cr5" affiliationRef="#a5"><personName><givenNames>HEATHER J.</givenNames><familyName>JENSEN</familyName></personName></creator><creator creatorRole="author" xml:id="cr6" affiliationRef="#a6"><personName><givenNames>KELLY M.</givenNames><familyName>VOWELS</familyName></personName></creator></creators><affiliationGroup><affiliation xml:id="a1" countryCode="US"><unparsedAffiliation>Albany Pine Bush Preserve Commission, Albany, NY, USA</unparsedAffiliation></affiliation><affiliation xml:id="a2" countryCode="US"><unparsedAffiliation>Cazenovia College, Cazenovia, NY, USA</unparsedAffiliation></affiliation><affiliation xml:id="a3" countryCode="US"><unparsedAffiliation>Audubon Society of New Hampshire, Concord, NH, USA</unparsedAffiliation></affiliation><affiliation xml:id="a4" countryCode="CA"><unparsedAffiliation>Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada</unparsedAffiliation></affiliation><affiliation xml:id="a5" countryCode="US"><unparsedAffiliation>Superior National Forest, Duluth, MN, USA</unparsedAffiliation></affiliation><affiliation xml:id="a6" countryCode="US"><unparsedAffiliation>Bernheim Arboretum & Research Forest, Clermont, KY, USA</unparsedAffiliation></affiliation></affiliationGroup><keywordGroup xml:lang="en"><keyword xml:id="k1">Dragonflies</keyword><keyword xml:id="k2">North America</keyword><keyword xml:id="k3">species richness</keyword><keyword xml:id="k4">survey effort</keyword></keywordGroup><abstractGroup><abstract type="main" xml:lang="en"><p><b>Abstract. </b> 1. Repeat surveys are needed to capture a representative spectrum of adult odonate richness at a site, but specifics on frequency and duration of surveys and associated inferential biases are poorly understood.</p><p>2. Weekly 1 h surveys of mature male dragonflies and damselflies were repeated at least 15 times at 19 ponds, lakes and wetlands scattered throughout North America. For each site, we tallied the data remaining when the weekly frequency was reduced to 75% (every 1.5 weeks), 50% (biweekly), 33% (triweekly), and 25% (monthly) and the 1 h survey to 50, 40, 30, 20 and 10 min subsets.</p><p>3. Reducing the original effort by half (i.e. to 30 min biweekly) retained about 80% of the species on average. The smallest effort (10 min monthly) retained about 49% of species. The greatest rate of information loss occurred between 20 and 10 min.</p><p>4. Across‐site analysis found that data subsets correlated to the original data set (<i>r </i>><i> </i>0.81) despite up to 50% species loss. Strong correlations (<i>r </i>≥<i> </i>0.98) remained with 10–15% species loss.</p><p>5. Biweekly surveys lasting 20–40 min each may provide a representative and cost‐effective sample of adult odonate richness in lentic study sites. Losing a handful of species should not greatly undermine richness and compositional comparisons among sites.</p></abstract></abstractGroup></contentMeta></header></component></istex:document></istex:metadataXml><mods version="3.6"><titleInfo lang="en"><title>Bias of reduced‐effort community surveys for adult Odonata of lentic waters</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="abbreviated" lang="en"><title>Bias of reduced‐effort Odonata surveys</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="alternative" contentType="CDATA" lang="en"><title>Bias of reduced‐effort community surveys for adult Odonata of lentic waters</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">JASON T.</namePart><namePart type="family">BRIED</namePart><affiliation>Albany Pine Bush Preserve Commission, Albany, NY, USA</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">BARBARA J.</namePart><namePart type="family">HAGER</namePart><affiliation>Cazenovia College, Cazenovia, NY, USA</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">PAMELA D.</namePart><namePart type="family">HUNT</namePart><affiliation>Audubon Society of New Hampshire, Concord, NH, USA</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">JENNETTE N.</namePart><namePart type="family">FOX</namePart><affiliation>Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">HEATHER J.</namePart><namePart type="family">JENSEN</namePart><affiliation>Superior National Forest, Duluth, MN, USA</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">KELLY M.</namePart><namePart type="family">VOWELS</namePart><affiliation>Bernheim Arboretum & Research Forest, Clermont, KY, USA</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><typeOfResource>text</typeOfResource><genre type="article" displayLabel="article" authority="ISTEX" authorityURI="https://content-type.data.istex.fr" valueURI="https://content-type.data.istex.fr/ark:/67375/XTP-6N5SZHKN-D">article</genre><originInfo><publisher>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher><place><placeTerm type="text">Oxford, UK</placeTerm></place><dateIssued encoding="w3cdtf">2012-05</dateIssued><edition>Accepted 6 May 2011 First published online 9 June 2011 Editor: Yoshitaka Tsubaki Associate editor: Goran Sahlen</edition><copyrightDate encoding="w3cdtf">2012</copyrightDate></originInfo><language><languageTerm type="code" authority="rfc3066">en</languageTerm><languageTerm type="code" authority="iso639-2b">eng</languageTerm></language><physicalDescription><extent unit="figures">1</extent><extent unit="tables">4</extent></physicalDescription><abstract>Abstract. 1. Repeat surveys are needed to capture a representative spectrum of adult odonate richness at a site, but specifics on frequency and duration of surveys and associated inferential biases are poorly understood.</abstract><abstract>2. Weekly 1 h surveys of mature male dragonflies and damselflies were repeated at least 15 times at 19 ponds, lakes and wetlands scattered throughout North America. For each site, we tallied the data remaining when the weekly frequency was reduced to 75% (every 1.5 weeks), 50% (biweekly), 33% (triweekly), and 25% (monthly) and the 1 h survey to 50, 40, 30, 20 and 10 min subsets.</abstract><abstract>3. Reducing the original effort by half (i.e. to 30 min biweekly) retained about 80% of the species on average. The smallest effort (10 min monthly) retained about 49% of species. The greatest rate of information loss occurred between 20 and 10 min.</abstract><abstract>4. Across‐site analysis found that data subsets correlated to the original data set (r > 0.81) despite up to 50% species loss. Strong correlations (r ≥ 0.98) remained with 10–15% species loss.</abstract><abstract>5. Biweekly surveys lasting 20–40 min each may provide a representative and cost‐effective sample of adult odonate richness in lentic study sites. Losing a handful of species should not greatly undermine richness and compositional comparisons among sites.</abstract><subject lang="en"><genre>keywords</genre><topic>Dragonflies</topic><topic>North America</topic><topic>species richness</topic><topic>survey effort</topic></subject><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Insect Conservation and Diversity</title></titleInfo><genre type="journal" authority="ISTEX" authorityURI="https://publication-type.data.istex.fr" valueURI="https://publication-type.data.istex.fr/ark:/67375/JMC-0GLKJH51-B">journal</genre><identifier type="ISSN">1752-458X</identifier><identifier type="eISSN">1752-4598</identifier><identifier type="DOI">10.1111/(ISSN)1752-4598</identifier><identifier type="PublisherID">ICAD</identifier><part><date>2012</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>5</number></detail><detail type="issue"><caption>no.</caption><number>3</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>213</start><end>222</end><total>10</total></extent></part></relatedItem><identifier type="istex">29BAA31DE951409F12D0306827D6F994A056AC52</identifier><identifier type="ark">ark:/67375/WNG-JDVFPL69-C</identifier><identifier type="DOI">10.1111/j.1752-4598.2011.00156.x</identifier><identifier type="ArticleID">ICAD156</identifier><accessCondition type="use and reproduction" contentType="copyright">© 2011 The Authors. 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