The concept of clinical state in psychiatry: A review
Identifieur interne : 000902 ( Istex/Corpus ); précédent : 000901; suivant : 000903The concept of clinical state in psychiatry: A review
Auteurs : Vaughan CarrSource :
- Comprehensive Psychiatry [ 0010-440X ] ; 1983.
English descriptors
- Teeft :
- Acad child psychiatry, Academic press, Acceptable levels, Affective disorders, Animal studies, Basic books, Behavioral, Behavioral state, Behavioral states, Berne, Biologic, Biologic investigations, Biologic parameters, Biologic psychiatry, Case examples, Catecholamine, Catecholamine hypothesis, Certain states, Clin psycho1, Clinical psychiatry, Clinical state, Cohesive system, Comp physiol psycho1, Conceptual formulation, Conceptualization, Configurational analysis, Convenient classification, Crisis intervention, Current status, Depressed patients, Descriptive criteria, Descriptive psychiatry literature, Developmental model, Different investigators, Disease process model, Functional organization, General definition, General definitions, Grove press, Grune stratton, Heuristic value, Horowitz, Human potentialities, Hypnoid states, Independent measures, Individual states, Infant research, Infant states, Internal consistency, Intraindividual differences, Investigator, Many subjects, Materialist theory, Mental state, Metapsychologic terms, Multiple raters, Multiple systems, Naturalistic observations, Neonatal research, Neonatal researchers, Nerv ment, Nervous system, Neurochemical, Neurochemical work, Neurotic patients, Newborn infant, Newborn infants, Numerous patients, Operational criteria, Other fields, Parameter, Particular modes, Particular state, Particular states, Physical sciences, Physiologic, Physiologic mechanisms, Physiologic processes, Polygraph recordings, Prechtl, Predictive validity, Primal images, Psychiatric illness, Psychiatric research, Psychiatry, Psycho1, Psychoanalytic literature, Psychoanalytic movement, Psychologic, Psychopathologic, Psychopathologic state, Psychopathologic states, Psychopathology, Psychophysiologic studies, Rating scale, Rating scales, Raven press, Recurrent pattern, Reliability, Schizophrenia, Schizophrenic patient, Several patients, Single rater, Specific properties, Specific states, Standard ratings, State changes, State concept, State definition, State model, Statistical correlations, Statistical techniques, Statistical tests, Stress response syndrome, Sydenham society, Systematic efforts, Term state, Transactional analysis, Transient combinations, Various descriptions, Vaughan carr.
Abstract
Abstract: The state-trait distinction has had a useful application in psychiatry but is not without controversy. The field has been particularly beset by various problems in the definition and measurement of each set of phenomena. Traits, enduring characteristics or qualities that describe interindividual differences, lend themselves readily to retesting in the assessment of instrument reliability and construct validity. This single factor has been important in facilitating the development of conceptual formulations upon which hypotheses can be proposed and tested as has been done in the area of personality theory, for example. Since states are, by definition, transitory characteristics or qualities that describe intraindividual differences, they tend to be less reliable1 and do not lend themselves so readily to retesting in this way. The validity of repeated measures in these cases should require some independent measure of whether or not a particular state has recurred. The lack of such independent measures can lead to the circular process of measuring states in terms of one instrument that, in turn, is validated against yet another similar instrument designed to measure the same state. This problem is one that has acted to retard the development of adequate definition and conceptual formulation with regard to the state concept. This paper reviews and critically examines the state concept in relation to clinical psychiatry. No attempt is made to review the use of the state concept in the field of psychology, in particular, the psychometric tradition. This would require a separate paper in order to do justice to the size and complexity of the subject. Instead, the focus has been narrowed to include predominantly the clinical literature, incorporating fields most relevant to psychopathology as it presents to the clinician. The term “state” derives from the Latin status, meaning manner of standing or condition. The Oxford English Dictionary2 gives the following definitions of the noun, state, under the broad heading of “condition, manner of existing.” 1. 1) A combination of circumstances or attributes belonging for the time being to a person or thing; a particular manner or way of existing, as defined by the presence of certain circumstances or attributes; 2. 2) A condition (of mind or feeling); the mental or emotional condition in which a person finds him or herself at a particular time.
Url:
DOI: 10.1016/0010-440X(83)90065-2
Links to Exploration step
ISTEX:5A944C4D84F70CFAF8911DF71FC50A23890663ABLe document en format XML
<record><TEI wicri:istexFullTextTei="biblStruct"><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title>The concept of clinical state in psychiatry: A review</title><author><name sortKey="Carr, Vaughan" sort="Carr, Vaughan" uniqKey="Carr V" first="Vaughan" last="Carr">Vaughan Carr</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Psychiatry, University of Adelaide, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia Australia.</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">ISTEX</idno><idno type="RBID">ISTEX:5A944C4D84F70CFAF8911DF71FC50A23890663AB</idno><date when="1983" year="1983">1983</date><idno type="doi">10.1016/0010-440X(83)90065-2</idno><idno type="url">https://api.istex.fr/document/5A944C4D84F70CFAF8911DF71FC50A23890663AB/fulltext/pdf</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Istex/Corpus">000902</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Istex" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="ISTEX">000902</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title level="a">The concept of clinical state in psychiatry: A review</title><author><name sortKey="Carr, Vaughan" sort="Carr, Vaughan" uniqKey="Carr V" first="Vaughan" last="Carr">Vaughan Carr</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Psychiatry, University of Adelaide, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia Australia.</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author></analytic><monogr></monogr><series><title level="j">Comprehensive Psychiatry</title><title level="j" type="abbrev">YCOMP</title><idno type="ISSN">0010-440X</idno><imprint><publisher>ELSEVIER</publisher><date type="published" when="1983">1983</date><biblScope unit="volume">24</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">4</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="370">370</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="391">391</biblScope></imprint><idno type="ISSN">0010-440X</idno></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc><seriesStmt><idno type="ISSN">0010-440X</idno></seriesStmt></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="Teeft" xml:lang="en"><term>Acad child psychiatry</term><term>Academic press</term><term>Acceptable levels</term><term>Affective disorders</term><term>Animal studies</term><term>Basic books</term><term>Behavioral</term><term>Behavioral state</term><term>Behavioral states</term><term>Berne</term><term>Biologic</term><term>Biologic investigations</term><term>Biologic parameters</term><term>Biologic psychiatry</term><term>Case examples</term><term>Catecholamine</term><term>Catecholamine hypothesis</term><term>Certain states</term><term>Clin psycho1</term><term>Clinical psychiatry</term><term>Clinical state</term><term>Cohesive system</term><term>Comp physiol psycho1</term><term>Conceptual formulation</term><term>Conceptualization</term><term>Configurational analysis</term><term>Convenient classification</term><term>Crisis intervention</term><term>Current status</term><term>Depressed patients</term><term>Descriptive criteria</term><term>Descriptive psychiatry literature</term><term>Developmental model</term><term>Different investigators</term><term>Disease process model</term><term>Functional organization</term><term>General definition</term><term>General definitions</term><term>Grove press</term><term>Grune stratton</term><term>Heuristic value</term><term>Horowitz</term><term>Human potentialities</term><term>Hypnoid states</term><term>Independent measures</term><term>Individual states</term><term>Infant research</term><term>Infant states</term><term>Internal consistency</term><term>Intraindividual differences</term><term>Investigator</term><term>Many subjects</term><term>Materialist theory</term><term>Mental state</term><term>Metapsychologic terms</term><term>Multiple raters</term><term>Multiple systems</term><term>Naturalistic observations</term><term>Neonatal research</term><term>Neonatal researchers</term><term>Nerv ment</term><term>Nervous system</term><term>Neurochemical</term><term>Neurochemical work</term><term>Neurotic patients</term><term>Newborn infant</term><term>Newborn infants</term><term>Numerous patients</term><term>Operational criteria</term><term>Other fields</term><term>Parameter</term><term>Particular modes</term><term>Particular state</term><term>Particular states</term><term>Physical sciences</term><term>Physiologic</term><term>Physiologic mechanisms</term><term>Physiologic processes</term><term>Polygraph recordings</term><term>Prechtl</term><term>Predictive validity</term><term>Primal images</term><term>Psychiatric illness</term><term>Psychiatric research</term><term>Psychiatry</term><term>Psycho1</term><term>Psychoanalytic literature</term><term>Psychoanalytic movement</term><term>Psychologic</term><term>Psychopathologic</term><term>Psychopathologic state</term><term>Psychopathologic states</term><term>Psychopathology</term><term>Psychophysiologic studies</term><term>Rating scale</term><term>Rating scales</term><term>Raven press</term><term>Recurrent pattern</term><term>Reliability</term><term>Schizophrenia</term><term>Schizophrenic patient</term><term>Several patients</term><term>Single rater</term><term>Specific properties</term><term>Specific states</term><term>Standard ratings</term><term>State changes</term><term>State concept</term><term>State definition</term><term>State model</term><term>Statistical correlations</term><term>Statistical techniques</term><term>Statistical tests</term><term>Stress response syndrome</term><term>Sydenham society</term><term>Systematic efforts</term><term>Term state</term><term>Transactional analysis</term><term>Transient combinations</term><term>Various descriptions</term><term>Vaughan carr</term></keywords></textClass><langUsage><language ident="en">en</language></langUsage></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Abstract: The state-trait distinction has had a useful application in psychiatry but is not without controversy. The field has been particularly beset by various problems in the definition and measurement of each set of phenomena. Traits, enduring characteristics or qualities that describe interindividual differences, lend themselves readily to retesting in the assessment of instrument reliability and construct validity. This single factor has been important in facilitating the development of conceptual formulations upon which hypotheses can be proposed and tested as has been done in the area of personality theory, for example. Since states are, by definition, transitory characteristics or qualities that describe intraindividual differences, they tend to be less reliable1 and do not lend themselves so readily to retesting in this way. The validity of repeated measures in these cases should require some independent measure of whether or not a particular state has recurred. The lack of such independent measures can lead to the circular process of measuring states in terms of one instrument that, in turn, is validated against yet another similar instrument designed to measure the same state. This problem is one that has acted to retard the development of adequate definition and conceptual formulation with regard to the state concept. This paper reviews and critically examines the state concept in relation to clinical psychiatry. No attempt is made to review the use of the state concept in the field of psychology, in particular, the psychometric tradition. This would require a separate paper in order to do justice to the size and complexity of the subject. Instead, the focus has been narrowed to include predominantly the clinical literature, incorporating fields most relevant to psychopathology as it presents to the clinician. The term “state” derives from the Latin status, meaning manner of standing or condition. The Oxford English Dictionary2 gives the following definitions of the noun, state, under the broad heading of “condition, manner of existing.” 1. 1) A combination of circumstances or attributes belonging for the time being to a person or thing; a particular manner or way of existing, as defined by the presence of certain circumstances or attributes; 2. 2) A condition (of mind or feeling); the mental or emotional condition in which a person finds him or herself at a particular time.</div></front></TEI><istex><corpusName>elsevier</corpusName><keywords><teeft><json:string>state concept</json:string><json:string>psycho1</json:string><json:string>psychologic</json:string><json:string>psychopathologic</json:string><json:string>psychopathology</json:string><json:string>neurochemical</json:string><json:string>prechtl</json:string><json:string>biologic</json:string><json:string>clinical state</json:string><json:string>schizophrenia</json:string><json:string>psychopathologic states</json:string><json:string>catecholamine</json:string><json:string>particular states</json:string><json:string>psychiatry</json:string><json:string>mental state</json:string><json:string>many subjects</json:string><json:string>raven press</json:string><json:string>biologic parameters</json:string><json:string>disease process model</json:string><json:string>naturalistic observations</json:string><json:string>berne</json:string><json:string>conceptualization</json:string><json:string>multiple raters</json:string><json:string>particular state</json:string><json:string>convenient classification</json:string><json:string>neonatal researchers</json:string><json:string>individual states</json:string><json:string>single rater</json:string><json:string>neurotic patients</json:string><json:string>operational criteria</json:string><json:string>infant research</json:string><json:string>behavioral states</json:string><json:string>affective disorders</json:string><json:string>nerv ment</json:string><json:string>case examples</json:string><json:string>psychopathologic state</json:string><json:string>metapsychologic terms</json:string><json:string>independent measures</json:string><json:string>various descriptions</json:string><json:string>newborn infant</json:string><json:string>basic books</json:string><json:string>animal studies</json:string><json:string>clinical psychiatry</json:string><json:string>state model</json:string><json:string>current status</json:string><json:string>academic press</json:string><json:string>particular modes</json:string><json:string>transient combinations</json:string><json:string>psychiatric illness</json:string><json:string>state definition</json:string><json:string>biologic investigations</json:string><json:string>horowitz</json:string><json:string>behavioral</json:string><json:string>descriptive criteria</json:string><json:string>systematic efforts</json:string><json:string>developmental model</json:string><json:string>psychiatric research</json:string><json:string>physical sciences</json:string><json:string>certain states</json:string><json:string>depressed patients</json:string><json:string>grune stratton</json:string><json:string>statistical techniques</json:string><json:string>rating scale</json:string><json:string>predictive validity</json:string><json:string>hypnoid states</json:string><json:string>behavioral state</json:string><json:string>several patients</json:string><json:string>crisis intervention</json:string><json:string>numerous patients</json:string><json:string>descriptive psychiatry literature</json:string><json:string>schizophrenic patient</json:string><json:string>vaughan carr</json:string><json:string>neurochemical work</json:string><json:string>acceptable levels</json:string><json:string>state changes</json:string><json:string>psychophysiologic studies</json:string><json:string>transactional analysis</json:string><json:string>primal images</json:string><json:string>conceptual formulation</json:string><json:string>neonatal research</json:string><json:string>cohesive system</json:string><json:string>term state</json:string><json:string>general definition</json:string><json:string>stress response syndrome</json:string><json:string>recurrent pattern</json:string><json:string>infant states</json:string><json:string>specific properties</json:string><json:string>multiple systems</json:string><json:string>specific states</json:string><json:string>other fields</json:string><json:string>configurational analysis</json:string><json:string>rating scales</json:string><json:string>standard ratings</json:string><json:string>statistical tests</json:string><json:string>internal consistency</json:string><json:string>polygraph recordings</json:string><json:string>physiologic processes</json:string><json:string>different investigators</json:string><json:string>statistical correlations</json:string><json:string>catecholamine hypothesis</json:string><json:string>heuristic value</json:string><json:string>functional organization</json:string><json:string>materialist theory</json:string><json:string>physiologic mechanisms</json:string><json:string>nervous system</json:string><json:string>sydenham society</json:string><json:string>psychoanalytic literature</json:string><json:string>psychoanalytic movement</json:string><json:string>grove press</json:string><json:string>intraindividual differences</json:string><json:string>newborn infants</json:string><json:string>general definitions</json:string><json:string>acad child psychiatry</json:string><json:string>human potentialities</json:string><json:string>clin psycho1</json:string><json:string>comp physiol psycho1</json:string><json:string>biologic psychiatry</json:string><json:string>physiologic</json:string><json:string>reliability</json:string><json:string>parameter</json:string><json:string>investigator</json:string></teeft></keywords><author><json:item><name>Vaughan Carr M.B., B.S., F.R.C.P.(C.), F.R.A.N.Z.C.P.</name><affiliations><json:string>Department of Psychiatry, University of Adelaide, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia Australia.</json:string></affiliations></json:item></author><arkIstex>ark:/67375/6H6-2MH95DP3-X</arkIstex><language><json:string>eng</json:string></language><originalGenre><json:string>Review article</json:string></originalGenre><abstract>Abstract: The state-trait distinction has had a useful application in psychiatry but is not without controversy. The field has been particularly beset by various problems in the definition and measurement of each set of phenomena. Traits, enduring characteristics or qualities that describe interindividual differences, lend themselves readily to retesting in the assessment of instrument reliability and construct validity. This single factor has been important in facilitating the development of conceptual formulations upon which hypotheses can be proposed and tested as has been done in the area of personality theory, for example. Since states are, by definition, transitory characteristics or qualities that describe intraindividual differences, they tend to be less reliable1 and do not lend themselves so readily to retesting in this way. The validity of repeated measures in these cases should require some independent measure of whether or not a particular state has recurred. The lack of such independent measures can lead to the circular process of measuring states in terms of one instrument that, in turn, is validated against yet another similar instrument designed to measure the same state. This problem is one that has acted to retard the development of adequate definition and conceptual formulation with regard to the state concept. This paper reviews and critically examines the state concept in relation to clinical psychiatry. No attempt is made to review the use of the state concept in the field of psychology, in particular, the psychometric tradition. This would require a separate paper in order to do justice to the size and complexity of the subject. Instead, the focus has been narrowed to include predominantly the clinical literature, incorporating fields most relevant to psychopathology as it presents to the clinician. The term “state” derives from the Latin status, meaning manner of standing or condition. The Oxford English Dictionary2 gives the following definitions of the noun, state, under the broad heading of “condition, manner of existing.” 1. 1) A combination of circumstances or attributes belonging for the time being to a person or thing; a particular manner or way of existing, as defined by the presence of certain circumstances or attributes; 2. 2) A condition (of mind or feeling); the mental or emotional condition in which a person finds him or herself at a particular time.</abstract><qualityIndicators><score>10</score><pdfWordCount>7945</pdfWordCount><pdfCharCount>55427</pdfCharCount><pdfVersion>1.2</pdfVersion><pdfPageCount>22</pdfPageCount><pdfPageSize>491 x 727 pts</pdfPageSize><refBibsNative>true</refBibsNative><abstractWordCount>377</abstractWordCount><abstractCharCount>2430</abstractCharCount><keywordCount>0</keywordCount></qualityIndicators><title>The concept of clinical state in psychiatry: A review</title><pmid><json:string>6349924</json:string></pmid><pii><json:string>0010-440X(83)90065-2</json:string></pii><genre><json:string>review-article</json:string></genre><serie><title>(Translated by Herter CA)</title><language><json:string>unknown</json:string></language></serie><host><title>Comprehensive Psychiatry</title><language><json:string>unknown</json:string></language><publicationDate>1983</publicationDate><issn><json:string>0010-440X</json:string></issn><pii><json:string>S0010-440X(00)X0097-1</json:string></pii><volume>24</volume><issue>4</issue><pages><first>370</first><last>391</last></pages><genre><json:string>journal</json:string></genre></host><namedEntities><unitex><date><json:string>1950s</json:string><json:string>1952</json:string><json:string>1920s</json:string><json:string>In the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries</json:string><json:string>1983</json:string><json:string>in the nineteenth century</json:string></date><geogName></geogName><orgName><json:string>Department of Psychiatry</json:string><json:string>Neonatal Research Since</json:string></orgName><orgName_funder></orgName_funder><orgName_provider></orgName_provider><persName><json:string>I. Pilowsky</json:string><json:string>Vaughan Carr</json:string><json:string>Psychoanalytic</json:string><json:string>Dr</json:string><json:string>William James</json:string><json:string>Eric Berne</json:string></persName><placeName><json:string>Australia</json:string><json:string>Europe</json:string><json:string>Goldberg</json:string></placeName><ref_url></ref_url><ref_bibl><json:string>Barchas et al</json:string></ref_bibl><bibl></bibl></unitex></namedEntities><ark><json:string>ark:/67375/6H6-2MH95DP3-X</json:string></ark><categories><wos><json:string>1 - social science</json:string><json:string>2 - psychiatry</json:string></wos><scienceMetrix><json:string>1 - health sciences</json:string><json:string>2 - clinical medicine</json:string><json:string>3 - psychiatry</json:string></scienceMetrix><scopus><json:string>1 - Health Sciences</json:string><json:string>2 - Medicine</json:string><json:string>3 - Psychiatry and Mental health</json:string><json:string>1 - Social Sciences</json:string><json:string>2 - Psychology</json:string><json:string>3 - Clinical Psychology</json:string></scopus><inist><json:string>1 - sciences humaines et sociales</json:string></inist></categories><publicationDate>1983</publicationDate><copyrightDate>1983</copyrightDate><doi><json:string>10.1016/0010-440X(83)90065-2</json:string></doi><id>5A944C4D84F70CFAF8911DF71FC50A23890663AB</id><score>1</score><fulltext><json:item><extension>pdf</extension><original>true</original><mimetype>application/pdf</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/5A944C4D84F70CFAF8911DF71FC50A23890663AB/fulltext/pdf</uri></json:item><json:item><extension>zip</extension><original>false</original><mimetype>application/zip</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/5A944C4D84F70CFAF8911DF71FC50A23890663AB/fulltext/zip</uri></json:item><istex:fulltextTEI uri="https://api.istex.fr/document/5A944C4D84F70CFAF8911DF71FC50A23890663AB/fulltext/tei"><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title level="a">The concept of clinical state in psychiatry: A review</title></titleStmt><publicationStmt><authority>ISTEX</authority><publisher>ELSEVIER</publisher><availability><p>ELSEVIER</p></availability><date>1983</date></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct type="inbook"><analytic><title level="a">The concept of clinical state in psychiatry: A review</title><author xml:id="author-0000"><persName><forename type="first">Vaughan</forename><surname>Carr</surname></persName><roleName type="degree">M.B., B.S., F.R.C.P.(C.), F.R.A.N.Z.C.P.</roleName><note type="biography">Address reprint requests to Dr. Vaughan Carr, Department of Psychiatry, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, 5000.</note><affiliation>Address reprint requests to Dr. Vaughan Carr, Department of Psychiatry, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, 5000.</affiliation><affiliation>Department of Psychiatry, University of Adelaide, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia Australia.</affiliation></author><idno type="istex">5A944C4D84F70CFAF8911DF71FC50A23890663AB</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1016/0010-440X(83)90065-2</idno><idno type="PII">0010-440X(83)90065-2</idno></analytic><monogr><title level="j">Comprehensive Psychiatry</title><title level="j" type="abbrev">YCOMP</title><idno type="pISSN">0010-440X</idno><idno type="PII">S0010-440X(00)X0097-1</idno><imprint><publisher>ELSEVIER</publisher><date type="published" when="1983"></date><biblScope unit="volume">24</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">4</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="370">370</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="391">391</biblScope></imprint></monogr></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><creation><date>1983</date></creation><langUsage><language ident="en">en</language></langUsage><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The state-trait distinction has had a useful application in psychiatry but is not without controversy. The field has been particularly beset by various problems in the definition and measurement of each set of phenomena. Traits, enduring characteristics or qualities that describe interindividual differences, lend themselves readily to retesting in the assessment of instrument reliability and construct validity. This single factor has been important in facilitating the development of conceptual formulations upon which hypotheses can be proposed and tested as has been done in the area of personality theory, for example. Since states are, by definition, transitory characteristics or qualities that describe intraindividual differences, they tend to be less reliable1 and do not lend themselves so readily to retesting in this way. The validity of repeated measures in these cases should require some independent measure of whether or not a particular state has recurred. The lack of such independent measures can lead to the circular process of measuring states in terms of one instrument that, in turn, is validated against yet another similar instrument designed to measure the same state. This problem is one that has acted to retard the development of adequate definition and conceptual formulation with regard to the state concept. This paper reviews and critically examines the state concept in relation to clinical psychiatry. No attempt is made to review the use of the state concept in the field of psychology, in particular, the psychometric tradition. This would require a separate paper in order to do justice to the size and complexity of the subject. Instead, the focus has been narrowed to include predominantly the clinical literature, incorporating fields most relevant to psychopathology as it presents to the clinician. The term “state” derives from the Latin status, meaning manner of standing or condition. The Oxford English Dictionary2 gives the following definitions of the noun, state, under the broad heading of “condition, manner of existing.” 1. 1) A combination of circumstances or attributes belonging for the time being to a person or thing; a particular manner or way of existing, as defined by the presence of certain circumstances or attributes; 2. 2) A condition (of mind or feeling); the mental or emotional condition in which a person finds him or herself at a particular time.</p></abstract></profileDesc><revisionDesc><change when="1983">Published</change></revisionDesc></teiHeader></istex:fulltextTEI><json:item><extension>txt</extension><original>false</original><mimetype>text/plain</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/5A944C4D84F70CFAF8911DF71FC50A23890663AB/fulltext/txt</uri></json:item></fulltext><metadata><istex:metadataXml wicri:clean="Elsevier, elements deleted: tail"><istex:xmlDeclaration>version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"</istex:xmlDeclaration><istex:docType PUBLIC="-//ES//DTD journal article DTD version 4.5.2//EN//XML" URI="art452.dtd" name="istex:docType"></istex:docType><istex:document><converted-article version="4.5.2" docsubtype="rev"><item-info><jid>YCOMP</jid><aid>83900652</aid><ce:pii>0010-440X(83)90065-2</ce:pii><ce:doi>10.1016/0010-440X(83)90065-2</ce:doi><ce:copyright type="unknown" year="1983"></ce:copyright></item-info><head><ce:title>The concept of clinical state in psychiatry: A review</ce:title><ce:author-group><ce:author><ce:given-name>Vaughan</ce:given-name><ce:surname>Carr</ce:surname><ce:degrees>M.B., B.S., F.R.C.P.(C.), F.R.A.N.Z.C.P.</ce:degrees><ce:cross-ref refid="COR1"><ce:sup>∗</ce:sup></ce:cross-ref></ce:author><ce:affiliation><ce:textfn>Department of Psychiatry, University of Adelaide, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia Australia.</ce:textfn></ce:affiliation><ce:correspondence id="COR1"><ce:label>∗</ce:label><ce:text>Address reprint requests to Dr. Vaughan Carr, Department of Psychiatry, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, 5000.</ce:text></ce:correspondence></ce:author-group><ce:abstract><ce:section-title>Abstract</ce:section-title><ce:abstract-sec><ce:simple-para>The state-trait distinction has had a useful application in psychiatry but is not without controversy. The field has been particularly beset by various problems in the definition and measurement of each set of phenomena. Traits, enduring characteristics or qualities that describe interindividual differences, lend themselves readily to retesting in the assessment of instrument reliability and construct validity. This single factor has been important in facilitating the development of conceptual formulations upon which hypotheses can be proposed and tested as has been done in the area of personality theory, for example. Since states are, by definition, transitory characteristics or qualities that describe intraindividual differences, they tend to be less reliable<ce:sup>1</ce:sup> and do not lend themselves so readily to retesting in this way. The validity of repeated measures in these cases should require some independent measure of whether or not a particular state has recurred. The lack of such independent measures can lead to the circular process of measuring states in terms of one instrument that, in turn, is validated against yet another similar instrument designed to measure the same state. This problem is one that has acted to retard the development of adequate definition and conceptual formulation with regard to the state concept.</ce:simple-para><ce:simple-para>This paper reviews and critically examines the state concept in relation to clinical psychiatry. No attempt is made to review the use of the state concept in the field of psychology, in particular, the psychometric tradition. This would require a separate paper in order to do justice to the size and complexity of the subject. Instead, the focus has been narrowed to include predominantly the clinical literature, incorporating fields most relevant to psychopathology as it presents to the clinician.</ce:simple-para><ce:simple-para>The term “state” derives from the Latin <ce:italic>status</ce:italic>, meaning manner of standing or condition. The <ce:italic>Oxford English Dictionary</ce:italic><ce:sup>2</ce:sup> gives the following definitions of the noun, state, under the broad heading of “condition, manner of existing.” <ce:list><ce:list-item><ce:label>1.</ce:label><ce:para>1) A combination of circumstances or attributes belonging for the time being to a person or thing; a particular manner or way of existing, as defined by the presence of certain circumstances or attributes;</ce:para></ce:list-item><ce:list-item><ce:label>2.</ce:label><ce:para>2) A condition (of mind or feeling); the mental or emotional condition in which a person finds him or herself at a particular time.</ce:para></ce:list-item></ce:list></ce:simple-para></ce:abstract-sec></ce:abstract></head></converted-article></istex:document></istex:metadataXml><mods version="3.6"><titleInfo><title>The concept of clinical state in psychiatry: A review</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="alternative" contentType="CDATA"><title>The concept of clinical state in psychiatry: A review</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Vaughan</namePart><namePart type="family">Carr</namePart><namePart type="termsOfAddress">M.B., B.S., F.R.C.P.(C.), F.R.A.N.Z.C.P.</namePart><affiliation>Department of Psychiatry, University of Adelaide, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia Australia.</affiliation><description>Address reprint requests to Dr. Vaughan Carr, Department of Psychiatry, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, 5000.</description><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><typeOfResource>text</typeOfResource><genre type="review-article" displayLabel="Review article" authority="ISTEX" authorityURI="https://content-type.data.istex.fr" valueURI="https://content-type.data.istex.fr/ark:/67375/XTP-L5L7X3NF-P">review-article</genre><originInfo><publisher>ELSEVIER</publisher><dateIssued encoding="w3cdtf">1983</dateIssued><copyrightDate encoding="w3cdtf">1983</copyrightDate></originInfo><language><languageTerm type="code" authority="iso639-2b">eng</languageTerm><languageTerm type="code" authority="rfc3066">en</languageTerm></language><abstract lang="en">Abstract: The state-trait distinction has had a useful application in psychiatry but is not without controversy. The field has been particularly beset by various problems in the definition and measurement of each set of phenomena. Traits, enduring characteristics or qualities that describe interindividual differences, lend themselves readily to retesting in the assessment of instrument reliability and construct validity. This single factor has been important in facilitating the development of conceptual formulations upon which hypotheses can be proposed and tested as has been done in the area of personality theory, for example. Since states are, by definition, transitory characteristics or qualities that describe intraindividual differences, they tend to be less reliable1 and do not lend themselves so readily to retesting in this way. The validity of repeated measures in these cases should require some independent measure of whether or not a particular state has recurred. The lack of such independent measures can lead to the circular process of measuring states in terms of one instrument that, in turn, is validated against yet another similar instrument designed to measure the same state. This problem is one that has acted to retard the development of adequate definition and conceptual formulation with regard to the state concept. This paper reviews and critically examines the state concept in relation to clinical psychiatry. No attempt is made to review the use of the state concept in the field of psychology, in particular, the psychometric tradition. This would require a separate paper in order to do justice to the size and complexity of the subject. Instead, the focus has been narrowed to include predominantly the clinical literature, incorporating fields most relevant to psychopathology as it presents to the clinician. The term “state” derives from the Latin status, meaning manner of standing or condition. The Oxford English Dictionary2 gives the following definitions of the noun, state, under the broad heading of “condition, manner of existing.” 1. 1) A combination of circumstances or attributes belonging for the time being to a person or thing; a particular manner or way of existing, as defined by the presence of certain circumstances or attributes; 2. 2) A condition (of mind or feeling); the mental or emotional condition in which a person finds him or herself at a particular time.</abstract><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Comprehensive Psychiatry</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="abbreviated"><title>YCOMP</title></titleInfo><genre type="journal" authority="ISTEX" authorityURI="https://publication-type.data.istex.fr" valueURI="https://publication-type.data.istex.fr/ark:/67375/JMC-0GLKJH51-B">journal</genre><originInfo><publisher>ELSEVIER</publisher><dateIssued encoding="w3cdtf">198307</dateIssued></originInfo><identifier type="ISSN">0010-440X</identifier><identifier type="PII">S0010-440X(00)X0097-1</identifier><part><date>198307</date><detail type="volume"><number>24</number><caption>vol.</caption></detail><detail type="issue"><number>4</number><caption>no.</caption></detail><extent unit="issue-pages"><start>293</start><end>397</end></extent><extent unit="pages"><start>370</start><end>391</end></extent></part></relatedItem><identifier type="istex">5A944C4D84F70CFAF8911DF71FC50A23890663AB</identifier><identifier type="ark">ark:/67375/6H6-2MH95DP3-X</identifier><identifier type="DOI">10.1016/0010-440X(83)90065-2</identifier><identifier type="PII">0010-440X(83)90065-2</identifier><recordInfo><recordContentSource authority="ISTEX" authorityURI="https://loaded-corpus.data.istex.fr" valueURI="https://loaded-corpus.data.istex.fr/ark:/67375/XBH-HKKZVM7B-M">elsevier</recordContentSource></recordInfo></mods><json:item><extension>json</extension><original>false</original><mimetype>application/json</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/5A944C4D84F70CFAF8911DF71FC50A23890663AB/metadata/json</uri></json:item></metadata></istex></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
EXPLOR_STEP=$WICRI_ROOT/Wicri/Psychologie/explor/BernheimV1/Data/Istex/Corpus
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_STEP/biblio.hfd -nk 000902 | SxmlIndent | more
Ou
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Istex/Corpus/biblio.hfd -nk 000902 | SxmlIndent | more
Pour mettre un lien sur cette page dans le réseau Wicri
{{Explor lien
|wiki= Wicri/Psychologie
|area= BernheimV1
|flux= Istex
|étape= Corpus
|type= RBID
|clé= ISTEX:5A944C4D84F70CFAF8911DF71FC50A23890663AB
|texte= The concept of clinical state in psychiatry: A review
}}
| This area was generated with Dilib version V0.6.33. |  |