The Golden Mean and the Physics of Aesthetics
Identifieur interne : 000453 ( Istex/Corpus ); précédent : 000452; suivant : 000454The Golden Mean and the Physics of Aesthetics
Auteurs : Subhash KakSource :
Abstract
Summary: The golden mean, Φ, has been applied in diverse situations in art, architecture, and music, and although some have claimed that it represents a basic aesthetic proportion, others have argued that it is only one of a large number of such ratios. We review its early history, especially its relationship to Mount Meru of Piṅgala. We present multiplicative variants of Mount Meru that may explain why the octave of Indian music has 22 micronotes (śruti), a question that has perplexed musicologists for a long time. We also speculate on the neurophysiological basis behind the sense that the golden mean is a pleasing proportion. We conclude that perhaps aesthetic universals do not exist, and it is cultural authority and tradition that creates them, although they may be shaped by “universals” associated with our cognitive systems.
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DOI: 10.1007/978-0-8176-4695-0_7
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We review its early history, especially its relationship to Mount Meru of Piṅgala. We present multiplicative variants of Mount Meru that may explain why the octave of Indian music has 22 micronotes (śruti), a question that has perplexed musicologists for a long time. We also speculate on the neurophysiological basis behind the sense that the golden mean is a pleasing proportion. We conclude that perhaps aesthetic universals do not exist, and it is cultural authority and tradition that creates them, although they may be shaped by “universals” associated with our cognitive systems.</div></front></TEI><istex><corpusName>springer-ebooks</corpusName><editor><json:item><name>B.S. 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TocLevels="1"><ChapterID>7</ChapterID><ChapterDOI>10.1007/978-0-8176-4695-0_7</ChapterDOI><ChapterSequenceNumber>7</ChapterSequenceNumber><ChapterTitle Language="En">The Golden Mean and the Physics of Aesthetics</ChapterTitle><ChapterFirstPage>111</ChapterFirstPage><ChapterLastPage>119</ChapterLastPage><ChapterCopyright><CopyrightHolderName>Springer Science+Business Media, LLC</CopyrightHolderName><CopyrightYear>2009</CopyrightYear></ChapterCopyright><ChapterHistory><RegistrationDate><Year>2010</Year><Month>7</Month><Day>9</Day></RegistrationDate><OnlineDate><Year>2010</Year><Month>9</Month><Day>29</Day></OnlineDate></ChapterHistory><ChapterGrants Type="Regular"><MetadataGrant Grant="OpenAccess"></MetadataGrant><AbstractGrant Grant="OpenAccess"></AbstractGrant><BodyPDFGrant Grant="Restricted"></BodyPDFGrant><BodyHTMLGrant Grant="Restricted"></BodyHTMLGrant><BibliographyGrant Grant="Restricted"></BibliographyGrant><ESMGrant Grant="Restricted"></ESMGrant></ChapterGrants><ChapterContext><BookID>978-0-8176-4695-0</BookID><BookTitle>Ancient Indian Leaps into Mathematics</BookTitle></ChapterContext></ChapterInfo><ChapterHeader><AuthorGroup><Author AffiliationIDS="Aff1_7" CorrespondingAffiliationID="Aff1_7"><AuthorName DisplayOrder="Western"><GivenName>Subhash</GivenName><FamilyName>Kak</FamilyName></AuthorName><Contact><Email>subhash.kak@okstate.edu</Email></Contact></Author><Affiliation ID="Aff1_7"><OrgDivision>Department of Computer science</OrgDivision><OrgName>Oklahoma State University</OrgName><OrgAddress><City>Stillwater</City><State>OK</State><Postcode>74078</Postcode><Country>USA</Country></OrgAddress></Affiliation></AuthorGroup><Abstract ID="Abs1_7" Language="En" OutputMedium="Online"><Heading>Summary</Heading><Para TextBreak="No">The golden mean, <Emphasis Type="Italic">Φ</Emphasis>, has been applied in diverse situations in art, architecture, and music, and although some have claimed that it represents a basic aesthetic proportion, others have argued that it is only one of a large number of such ratios. We review its early history, especially its relationship to Mount Meru of Piṅgala. We present multiplicative variants of Mount Meru that may explain why the octave of Indian music has 22 micronotes (<Emphasis Type="Italic">śruti</Emphasis>), a question that has perplexed musicologists for a long time. We also speculate on the neurophysiological basis behind the sense that the golden mean is a pleasing proportion. We conclude that perhaps aesthetic universals do not exist, and it is cultural authority and tradition that creates them, although they may be shaped by “universals” associated with our cognitive systems.</Para></Abstract><ArticleNote Type="Misc"><SimplePara>Subhash Kak is professor and head of computer science department at Oklahoma State University at Stillwater, USA. 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We review its early history, especially its relationship to Mount Meru of Piṅgala. We present multiplicative variants of Mount Meru that may explain why the octave of Indian music has 22 micronotes (śruti), a question that has perplexed musicologists for a long time. We also speculate on the neurophysiological basis behind the sense that the golden mean is a pleasing proportion. 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