Meteorological processes forcing Saharan dust emission inferred from MSG‐SEVIRI observations of subdaily dust source activation and numerical models
Identifieur interne : 001357 ( Main/Corpus ); précédent : 001356; suivant : 001358Meteorological processes forcing Saharan dust emission inferred from MSG‐SEVIRI observations of subdaily dust source activation and numerical models
Auteurs : K. Schepanski ; I. Tegen ; M. C. Todd ; B. Heinold ; G. Bönisch ; B. Laurent ; A. MackeSource :
- Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres [ 0148-0227 ] ; 2009-05-27.
Abstract
Fifteen‐minute Meteosat Second Generation (MSG) Spinning Enhanced Visible and Infrared Imager (SEVIRI) infrared dust index images are used to identify dust source areas. The observations of dust source activation (DSA) are compiled in a 1° × 1° map for the Sahara and Sahel, including temporal information at 3‐hourly resolution. Here we use this data set to identify the most active dust source areas and the time of day when dust source activation occurs most frequently. In the Sahara desert 65% of DSA (March 2006 to February 2008) occurs during 0600–0900 UTC, pointing toward an important role of the breakdown of the nocturnal low‐level jet (LLJ) for dust mobilization. Other meteorological mechanisms may lead to dust mobilization including density currents initiated by deep convective systems which mobilize dust fronts (haboobs) occurring preferentially in the afternoon hours and cyclonic activities. The role of the nocturnal LLJ for dust mobilization in the Sahara is corroborated by regional model studies and analysis of meteorological station data.
Url:
DOI: 10.1029/2008JD010325
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Res.</title><idno type="ISSN">0148-0227</idno><idno type="eISSN">2156-2202</idno><imprint><publisher>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher><date type="published" when="2009-05-27">2009-05-27</date><biblScope unit="volume">114</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">D10</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="n/a">n/a</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="n/a">n/a</biblScope></imprint><idno type="ISSN">0148-0227</idno></series><idno type="istex">3070429AC6FD364F12BF715FEB4E37BD107AFC19</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1029/2008JD010325</idno><idno type="ArticleID">2008JD010325</idno></biblStruct></sourceDesc><seriesStmt><idno type="ISSN">0148-0227</idno></seriesStmt></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass><langUsage><language ident="en">en</language></langUsage></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract">Fifteen‐minute Meteosat Second Generation (MSG) Spinning Enhanced Visible and Infrared Imager (SEVIRI) infrared dust index images are used to identify dust source areas. The observations of dust source activation (DSA) are compiled in a 1° × 1° map for the Sahara and Sahel, including temporal information at 3‐hourly resolution. Here we use this data set to identify the most active dust source areas and the time of day when dust source activation occurs most frequently. In the Sahara desert 65% of DSA (March 2006 to February 2008) occurs during 0600–0900 UTC, pointing toward an important role of the breakdown of the nocturnal low‐level jet (LLJ) for dust mobilization. Other meteorological mechanisms may lead to dust mobilization including density currents initiated by deep convective systems which mobilize dust fronts (haboobs) occurring preferentially in the afternoon hours and cyclonic activities. The role of the nocturnal LLJ for dust mobilization in the Sahara is corroborated by regional model studies and analysis of meteorological station data.</div></front></TEI><istex><corpusName>wiley</corpusName><author><json:item><name>K. Schepanski</name><affiliations><json:string>E-mail: kerstin.schepanski@tropos.de</json:string><json:string>Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research, Leipzig, Germany</json:string><json:string>Leibniz Institute of Marine Sciences at University of Kiel (IFM‐GEOMAR), Kiel, Germany</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>I. Tegen</name><affiliations><json:string>Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research, Leipzig, Germany</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>M. C. Todd</name><affiliations><json:string>Department of Geography, University College London, London, UK</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>B. Heinold</name><affiliations><json:string>Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research, Leipzig, Germany</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>G. Bönisch</name><affiliations><json:string>Max‐Planck‐Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>B. Laurent</name><affiliations><json:string>Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research, Leipzig, Germany</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>A. Macke</name><affiliations><json:string>Leibniz Institute of Marine Sciences at University of Kiel (IFM‐GEOMAR), Kiel, Germany</json:string></affiliations></json:item></author><subject><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>dust mobilization</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>MSG‐SEVIRI</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>Sahara</value></json:item></subject><language><json:string>eng</json:string></language><abstract>Fifteen‐minute Meteosat Second Generation (MSG) Spinning Enhanced Visible and Infrared Imager (SEVIRI) infrared dust index images are used to identify dust source areas. The observations of dust source activation (DSA) are compiled in a 1° × 1° map for the Sahara and Sahel, including temporal information at 3‐hourly resolution. Here we use this data set to identify the most active dust source areas and the time of day when dust source activation occurs most frequently. In the Sahara desert 65% of DSA (March 2006 to February 2008) occurs during 0600–0900 UTC, pointing toward an important role of the breakdown of the nocturnal low‐level jet (LLJ) for dust mobilization. Other meteorological mechanisms may lead to dust mobilization including density currents initiated by deep convective systems which mobilize dust fronts (haboobs) occurring preferentially in the afternoon hours and cyclonic activities. The role of the nocturnal LLJ for dust mobilization in the Sahara is corroborated by regional model studies and analysis of meteorological station data.</abstract><qualityIndicators><score>7.444</score><pdfVersion>1.4</pdfVersion><pdfPageSize>612 x 792 pts (letter)</pdfPageSize><refBibsNative>true</refBibsNative><keywordCount>3</keywordCount><abstractCharCount>1064</abstractCharCount><pdfWordCount>10796</pdfWordCount><pdfCharCount>65208</pdfCharCount><pdfPageCount>18</pdfPageCount><abstractWordCount>162</abstractWordCount></qualityIndicators><title>Meteorological processes forcing Saharan dust emission inferred from MSG‐SEVIRI observations of subdaily dust source activation and numerical models</title><genre><json:string>article</json:string></genre><host><volume>114</volume><pages><total>18</total><last>n/a</last><first>n/a</first></pages><issn><json:string>0148-0227</json:string></issn><issue>D10</issue><subject><json:item><value>Aerosol and Clouds</value></json:item><json:item><value>ATMOSPHERIC COMPOSITION AND STRUCTURE</value></json:item><json:item><value>Aerosols and particles</value></json:item><json:item><value>Planetary atmospheres</value></json:item><json:item><value>Pollution: urban and regional</value></json:item><json:item><value>ATMOSPHERIC PROCESSES</value></json:item><json:item><value>Synoptic‐scale meteorology</value></json:item><json:item><value>Planetary meteorology</value></json:item><json:item><value>OCEANOGRAPHY: BIOLOGICAL AND CHEMICAL</value></json:item><json:item><value>Aerosols</value></json:item><json:item><value>PALEOCEANOGRAPHY</value></json:item><json:item><value>Aerosols</value></json:item><json:item><value>PLANETARY SCIENCES: ASTROBIOLOGY</value></json:item><json:item><value>Planetary atmospheres, clouds, and hazes</value></json:item><json:item><value>PLANETARY SCIENCES: SOLID SURFACE PLANETS</value></json:item><json:item><value>Atmospheres</value></json:item><json:item><value>Meteorology</value></json:item><json:item><value>PLANETARY SCIENCES: FLUID PLANETS</value></json:item><json:item><value>Atmospheres</value></json:item><json:item><value>Meteorology</value></json:item><json:item><value>Aerosol and Clouds</value></json:item></subject><genre></genre><language><json:string>unknown</json:string></language><eissn><json:string>2156-2202</json:string></eissn><title>Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres</title><doi><json:string>10.1002/(ISSN)2156-2202d</json:string></doi></host><publicationDate>2009</publicationDate><copyrightDate>2009</copyrightDate><doi><json:string>10.1029/2008JD010325</json:string></doi><id>3070429AC6FD364F12BF715FEB4E37BD107AFC19</id><fulltext><json:item><original>true</original><mimetype>application/pdf</mimetype><extension>pdf</extension><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/3070429AC6FD364F12BF715FEB4E37BD107AFC19/fulltext/pdf</uri></json:item><json:item><original>false</original><mimetype>application/zip</mimetype><extension>zip</extension><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/3070429AC6FD364F12BF715FEB4E37BD107AFC19/fulltext/zip</uri></json:item><istex:fulltextTEI uri="https://api.istex.fr/document/3070429AC6FD364F12BF715FEB4E37BD107AFC19/fulltext/tei"><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title level="a" type="main" xml:lang="en">Meteorological processes forcing Saharan dust emission inferred from MSG‐SEVIRI observations of subdaily dust source activation and numerical models</title></titleStmt><publicationStmt><authority>ISTEX</authority><publisher>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher><availability><p>WILEY</p></availability><date>2009</date></publicationStmt><notesStmt><note>Tab‐delimited Table 1.Tab‐delimited Table 2.Tab‐delimited Table 3.Tab‐delimited Table 4.Tab‐delimited Table 5.</note></notesStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct type="inbook"><analytic><title level="a" type="main" xml:lang="en">Meteorological processes forcing Saharan dust emission inferred from MSG‐SEVIRI observations of subdaily dust source activation and numerical models</title><author><persName><forename type="first">K.</forename><surname>Schepanski</surname></persName><email>kerstin.schepanski@tropos.de</email><affiliation>Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research, Leipzig, Germany</affiliation><affiliation>Leibniz Institute of Marine Sciences at University of Kiel (IFM‐GEOMAR), Kiel, Germany</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">I.</forename><surname>Tegen</surname></persName><affiliation>Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research, Leipzig, Germany</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">M. 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Geophys. Res.</title><idno type="pISSN">0148-0227</idno><idno type="eISSN">2156-2202</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1002/(ISSN)2156-2202d</idno><imprint><publisher>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher><date type="published" when="2009-05-27"></date><biblScope unit="volume">114</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">D10</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="n/a">n/a</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="n/a">n/a</biblScope></imprint></monogr><idno type="istex">3070429AC6FD364F12BF715FEB4E37BD107AFC19</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1029/2008JD010325</idno><idno type="ArticleID">2008JD010325</idno></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><creation><date>2009</date></creation><langUsage><language ident="en">en</language></langUsage><abstract><p>Fifteen‐minute Meteosat Second Generation (MSG) Spinning Enhanced Visible and Infrared Imager (SEVIRI) infrared dust index images are used to identify dust source areas. The observations of dust source activation (DSA) are compiled in a 1° × 1° map for the Sahara and Sahel, including temporal information at 3‐hourly resolution. Here we use this data set to identify the most active dust source areas and the time of day when dust source activation occurs most frequently. In the Sahara desert 65% of DSA (March 2006 to February 2008) occurs during 0600–0900 UTC, pointing toward an important role of the breakdown of the nocturnal low‐level jet (LLJ) for dust mobilization. Other meteorological mechanisms may lead to dust mobilization including density currents initiated by deep convective systems which mobilize dust fronts (haboobs) occurring preferentially in the afternoon hours and cyclonic activities. The role of the nocturnal LLJ for dust mobilization in the Sahara is corroborated by regional model studies and analysis of meteorological station data.</p></abstract><textClass><keywords scheme="keyword"><list><head>Keywords</head><item><term>dust mobilization</term></item><item><term>MSG‐SEVIRI</term></item><item><term>Sahara</term></item></list></keywords></textClass><textClass><keywords scheme="Journal Subject"><list><head>Index Terms</head><item><term>Aerosol and Clouds</term></item><item><term>ATMOSPHERIC COMPOSITION AND STRUCTURE</term></item><item><term>Aerosols and particles</term></item><item><term>Planetary atmospheres</term></item><item><term>Pollution: urban and regional</term></item><item><term>ATMOSPHERIC PROCESSES</term></item><item><term>Synoptic‐scale meteorology</term></item><item><term>Planetary meteorology</term></item><item><term>OCEANOGRAPHY: BIOLOGICAL AND CHEMICAL</term></item><item><term>Aerosols</term></item><item><term>PALEOCEANOGRAPHY</term></item><item><term>Aerosols</term></item><item><term>PLANETARY SCIENCES: ASTROBIOLOGY</term></item><item><term>Planetary atmospheres, clouds, and hazes</term></item><item><term>PLANETARY SCIENCES: SOLID SURFACE PLANETS</term></item><item><term>Atmospheres</term></item><item><term>Meteorology</term></item><item><term>PLANETARY SCIENCES: FLUID PLANETS</term></item><item><term>Atmospheres</term></item><item><term>Meteorology</term></item></list></keywords></textClass><textClass><keywords scheme="Journal Subject"><list><head>article category</head><item><term>Aerosol and Clouds</term></item></list></keywords></textClass></profileDesc><revisionDesc><change when="2008-04-25">Received</change><change when="2009-03-04">Registration</change><change when="2009-05-27">Published</change></revisionDesc></teiHeader></istex:fulltextTEI><json:item><original>false</original><mimetype>text/plain</mimetype><extension>txt</extension><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/3070429AC6FD364F12BF715FEB4E37BD107AFC19/fulltext/txt</uri></json:item></fulltext><metadata><istex:metadataXml wicri:clean="Wiley, elements deleted: body"><istex:xmlDeclaration>version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="yes"</istex:xmlDeclaration><istex:document><component type="serialArticle" version="2.0" xml:lang="en" xml:id="jgrd14926"><header><publicationMeta level="product"><doi>10.1002/(ISSN)2156-2202d</doi><issn type="print">0148-0227</issn><issn type="electronic">2156-2202</issn><idGroup><id type="product" value="JGRD"></id><id type="coden" value="JGREA2"></id></idGroup><titleGroup><title type="main" xml:lang="en" sort="JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH: ATMOSPHERES">Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres</title><title type="short">J. 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Res.</title></titleGroup></publicationMeta><publicationMeta level="part" position="100"><doi>10.1002/jgrd.v114.D10</doi><idGroup><id type="focusSection" value="4"></id></idGroup><titleGroup><title type="focusSection" xml:lang="en">Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres</title></titleGroup><numberingGroup><numbering type="journalVolume" number="114">114</numbering><numbering type="journalIssue">D10</numbering></numberingGroup><coverDate startDate="2009-05-27">27 May 2009</coverDate></publicationMeta><publicationMeta level="unit" position="60" type="article" status="forIssue"><doi>10.1029/2008JD010325</doi><idGroup><id type="editorialOffice" value="2008JD010325"></id><id type="society" value="D10201"></id><id type="unit" value="JGRD14926"></id></idGroup><countGroup><count type="pageTotal" number="18"></count></countGroup><titleGroup><title type="articleCategory">Aerosol and Clouds</title><title type="tocHeading1">Aerosol and Clouds</title></titleGroup><copyright ownership="thirdParty">Copyright 2009 by the American Geophysical Union.</copyright><eventGroup><event type="manuscriptReceived" date="2008-04-25"></event><event type="manuscriptRevised" date="2009-02-23"></event><event type="manuscriptAccepted" date="2009-03-04"></event><event type="firstOnline" date="2009-05-20"></event><event type="publishedOnlineFinalForm" date="2009-05-20"></event><event type="xmlConverted" agent="SPi Global Converter:AGUv3.44_TO_WileyML3Gv1.0.3 version:1.3; WileyML 3G Packaging Tool v1.0; AGU2WileyML3G Final Clean Up v1.0" date="2012-12-17"></event><event type="xmlConverted" agent="Converter:WILEY_ML3G_TO_WILEY_ML3GV2 version:3.8.8" date="2014-01-30"></event><event type="xmlConverted" agent="Converter:WML3G_To_WML3G version:4.1.7 mode:FullText,remove_FC" date="2014-10-30"></event></eventGroup><numberingGroup><numbering type="pageFirst">n/a</numbering><numbering type="pageLast">n/a</numbering></numberingGroup><subjectInfo><subject href="http://psi.agu.org/subset/AAC">Aerosol and Clouds</subject><subject href="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/0300">ATMOSPHERIC COMPOSITION AND STRUCTURE</subject><subjectInfo><subject href="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/0305">Aerosols and particles</subject><subject href="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/0343">Planetary atmospheres</subject><subject role="crossTerm" href="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/0345">Pollution: urban and regional</subject></subjectInfo><subject href="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/3300">ATMOSPHERIC PROCESSES</subject><subjectInfo><subject href="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/3364">Synoptic‐scale meteorology</subject><subject href="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/3346">Planetary meteorology</subject></subjectInfo><subject role="crossTerm" href="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/4800">OCEANOGRAPHY: BIOLOGICAL AND CHEMICAL</subject><subjectInfo><subject role="crossTerm" href="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/4801">Aerosols</subject></subjectInfo><subject role="crossTerm" href="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/4900">PALEOCEANOGRAPHY</subject><subjectInfo><subject role="crossTerm" href="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/4906">Aerosols</subject></subjectInfo><subject role="crossTerm" href="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/5200">PLANETARY SCIENCES: ASTROBIOLOGY</subject><subjectInfo><subject role="crossTerm" href="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/5210">Planetary atmospheres, clouds, and hazes</subject></subjectInfo><subject role="crossTerm" href="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/5400">PLANETARY SCIENCES: SOLID SURFACE PLANETS</subject><subjectInfo><subject role="crossTerm" href="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/5405">Atmospheres</subject><subject role="crossTerm" href="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/5445">Meteorology</subject></subjectInfo><subject role="crossTerm" href="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/5700">PLANETARY SCIENCES: FLUID PLANETS</subject><subjectInfo><subject role="crossTerm" href="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/5704">Atmospheres</subject><subject role="crossTerm" href="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/5739">Meteorology</subject></subjectInfo></subjectInfo><selfCitationGroup><citation xml:id="jgrd14926-cit-0000" type="self"><author><familyName>Schepanski</familyName>, <givenNames>K.</givenNames></author>, <author><givenNames>I.</givenNames> <familyName>Tegen</familyName></author>, <author><givenNames>M. C.</givenNames> <familyName>Todd</familyName></author>, <author><givenNames>B.</givenNames> <familyName>Heinold</familyName></author>, <author><givenNames>G.</givenNames> <familyName>Bönisch</familyName></author>, <author><givenNames>B.</givenNames> <familyName>Laurent</familyName></author>, and <author><givenNames>A.</givenNames> <familyName>Macke</familyName></author> (<pubYear year="2009">2009</pubYear>), <articleTitle>Meteorological processes forcing Saharan dust emission inferred from MSG‐SEVIRI observations of subdaily dust source activation and numerical models</articleTitle>, <journalTitle>J. Geophys. Res.</journalTitle>, <vol>114</vol>, D10201, doi:<accessionId ref="info:doi/10.1029/2008JD010325">10.1029/2008JD010325</accessionId>.</citation></selfCitationGroup><linkGroup><link type="toTypesetVersion" href="file:JGRD.JGRD14926.pdf"></link></linkGroup></publicationMeta><contentMeta><countGroup><count type="figureTotal" number="9"></count><count type="tableTotal" number="5"></count></countGroup><titleGroup><title type="main">Meteorological processes forcing Saharan dust emission inferred from MSG‐SEVIRI observations of subdaily dust source activation and numerical models</title><title type="short">METEOROLOGICAL DUST EMISSION FORCING</title><title type="shortAuthors">Schepanski <i>et al</i>.</title></titleGroup><creators><creator creatorRole="author" xml:id="jgrd14926-cr-0001" affiliationRef="#jgrd14926-aff-0001 #jgrd14926-aff-0002"><personName><givenNames>K.</givenNames> <familyName>Schepanski</familyName></personName><contactDetails><email normalForm="kerstin.schepanski@tropos.de">kerstin.schepanski@tropos.de</email></contactDetails></creator><creator creatorRole="author" xml:id="jgrd14926-cr-0002" affiliationRef="#jgrd14926-aff-0001"><personName><givenNames>I.</givenNames> <familyName>Tegen</familyName></personName></creator><creator creatorRole="author" xml:id="jgrd14926-cr-0003" affiliationRef="#jgrd14926-aff-0003"><personName><givenNames>M. C.</givenNames> <familyName>Todd</familyName></personName></creator><creator creatorRole="author" xml:id="jgrd14926-cr-0004" affiliationRef="#jgrd14926-aff-0001"><personName><givenNames>B.</givenNames> <familyName>Heinold</familyName></personName></creator><creator creatorRole="author" xml:id="jgrd14926-cr-0005" affiliationRef="#jgrd14926-aff-0004"><personName><givenNames>G.</givenNames> <familyName>Bönisch</familyName></personName></creator><creator creatorRole="author" xml:id="jgrd14926-cr-0006" affiliationRef="#jgrd14926-aff-0001"><personName><givenNames>B.</givenNames> <familyName>Laurent</familyName></personName></creator><creator creatorRole="author" xml:id="jgrd14926-cr-0007" affiliationRef="#jgrd14926-aff-0002"><personName><givenNames>A.</givenNames> <familyName>Macke</familyName></personName></creator></creators><affiliationGroup><affiliation countryCode="DE" type="organization" xml:id="jgrd14926-aff-0001"><orgName>Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research</orgName><address><city>Leipzig</city><country>Germany</country></address></affiliation><affiliation countryCode="DE" type="organization" xml:id="jgrd14926-aff-0002"><orgName>Leibniz Institute of Marine Sciences at University of Kiel (IFM‐GEOMAR)</orgName><address><city>Kiel</city><country>Germany</country></address></affiliation><affiliation countryCode="GB" type="organization" xml:id="jgrd14926-aff-0003"><orgDiv>Department of Geography</orgDiv><orgName>University College London</orgName><address><city>London</city><country>UK</country></address></affiliation><affiliation countryCode="DE" type="organization" xml:id="jgrd14926-aff-0004"><orgName>Max‐Planck‐Institute for Biogeochemistry</orgName><address><city>Jena</city><country>Germany</country></address></affiliation></affiliationGroup><keywordGroup type="author"><keyword xml:id="jgrd14926-kwd-0001">dust mobilization</keyword><keyword xml:id="jgrd14926-kwd-0002">MSG‐SEVIRI</keyword><keyword xml:id="jgrd14926-kwd-0003">Sahara</keyword></keywordGroup><supportingInformation><supportingInfoItem><mediaResource alt="supplementary data" mimeType="text/plain" href="urn-x:wiley:01480227:media:jgrd14926:jgrd14926-sup-0001-t01"></mediaResource><caption>Tab‐delimited Table 1.</caption></supportingInfoItem><supportingInfoItem><mediaResource alt="supplementary data" mimeType="text/plain" href="urn-x:wiley:01480227:media:jgrd14926:jgrd14926-sup-0002-t02"></mediaResource><caption>Tab‐delimited Table 2.</caption></supportingInfoItem><supportingInfoItem><mediaResource alt="supplementary data" mimeType="text/plain" href="urn-x:wiley:01480227:media:jgrd14926:jgrd14926-sup-0003-t03"></mediaResource><caption>Tab‐delimited Table 3.</caption></supportingInfoItem><supportingInfoItem><mediaResource alt="supplementary data" mimeType="text/plain" href="urn-x:wiley:01480227:media:jgrd14926:jgrd14926-sup-0004-t04"></mediaResource><caption>Tab‐delimited Table 4.</caption></supportingInfoItem><supportingInfoItem><mediaResource alt="supplementary data" mimeType="text/plain" href="urn-x:wiley:01480227:media:jgrd14926:jgrd14926-sup-0005-t05"></mediaResource><caption>Tab‐delimited Table 5.</caption></supportingInfoItem></supportingInformation><abstractGroup><abstract type="main"><p xml:id="jgrd14926-para-0001" label="1">Fifteen‐minute Meteosat Second Generation (MSG) Spinning Enhanced Visible and Infrared Imager (SEVIRI) infrared dust index images are used to identify dust source areas. The observations of dust source activation (DSA) are compiled in a 1° × 1° map for the Sahara and Sahel, including temporal information at 3‐hourly resolution. Here we use this data set to identify the most active dust source areas and the time of day when dust source activation occurs most frequently. In the Sahara desert 65% of DSA (March 2006 to February 2008) occurs during 0600–0900 UTC, pointing toward an important role of the breakdown of the nocturnal low‐level jet (LLJ) for dust mobilization. Other meteorological mechanisms may lead to dust mobilization including density currents initiated by deep convective systems which mobilize dust fronts (haboobs) occurring preferentially in the afternoon hours and cyclonic activities. The role of the nocturnal LLJ for dust mobilization in the Sahara is corroborated by regional model studies and analysis of meteorological station data.</p></abstract></abstractGroup></contentMeta></header></component></istex:document></istex:metadataXml><mods version="3.6"><titleInfo lang="en"><title>Meteorological processes forcing Saharan dust emission inferred from MSG‐SEVIRI observations of subdaily dust source activation and numerical models</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="abbreviated"><title>METEOROLOGICAL DUST EMISSION FORCING</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="alternative" contentType="CDATA" lang="en"><title>Meteorological processes forcing Saharan dust emission inferred from MSG‐SEVIRI observations of subdaily dust source activation and numerical models</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">K.</namePart><namePart type="family">Schepanski</namePart><affiliation>Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research, Leipzig, Germany</affiliation><affiliation>Leibniz Institute of Marine Sciences at University of Kiel (IFM‐GEOMAR), Kiel, Germany</affiliation><affiliation>E-mail: kerstin.schepanski@tropos.de</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">I.</namePart><namePart type="family">Tegen</namePart><affiliation>Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research, Leipzig, Germany</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">M. C.</namePart><namePart type="family">Todd</namePart><affiliation>Department of Geography, University College London, London, UK</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">B.</namePart><namePart type="family">Heinold</namePart><affiliation>Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research, Leipzig, Germany</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">G.</namePart><namePart type="family">Bönisch</namePart><affiliation>Max‐Planck‐Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">B.</namePart><namePart type="family">Laurent</namePart><affiliation>Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research, Leipzig, Germany</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">A.</namePart><namePart type="family">Macke</namePart><affiliation>Leibniz Institute of Marine Sciences at University of Kiel (IFM‐GEOMAR), Kiel, Germany</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><typeOfResource>text</typeOfResource><genre type="article" displayLabel="article"></genre><originInfo><publisher>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher><dateIssued encoding="w3cdtf">2009-05-27</dateIssued><dateCaptured encoding="w3cdtf">2008-04-25</dateCaptured><dateValid encoding="w3cdtf">2009-03-04</dateValid><edition>Schepanski, K., I. Tegen, M. C. Todd, B. Heinold, G. Bönisch, B. Laurent, and A. Macke (2009), Meteorological processes forcing Saharan dust emission inferred from MSG‐SEVIRI observations of subdaily dust source activation and numerical models, J. Geophys. Res., 114, D10201, doi:10.1029/2008JD010325.</edition><copyrightDate encoding="w3cdtf">2009</copyrightDate></originInfo><language><languageTerm type="code" authority="rfc3066">en</languageTerm><languageTerm type="code" authority="iso639-2b">eng</languageTerm></language><physicalDescription><internetMediaType>text/html</internetMediaType><extent unit="figures">9</extent><extent unit="tables">5</extent></physicalDescription><abstract>Fifteen‐minute Meteosat Second Generation (MSG) Spinning Enhanced Visible and Infrared Imager (SEVIRI) infrared dust index images are used to identify dust source areas. The observations of dust source activation (DSA) are compiled in a 1° × 1° map for the Sahara and Sahel, including temporal information at 3‐hourly resolution. Here we use this data set to identify the most active dust source areas and the time of day when dust source activation occurs most frequently. In the Sahara desert 65% of DSA (March 2006 to February 2008) occurs during 0600–0900 UTC, pointing toward an important role of the breakdown of the nocturnal low‐level jet (LLJ) for dust mobilization. Other meteorological mechanisms may lead to dust mobilization including density currents initiated by deep convective systems which mobilize dust fronts (haboobs) occurring preferentially in the afternoon hours and cyclonic activities. The role of the nocturnal LLJ for dust mobilization in the Sahara is corroborated by regional model studies and analysis of meteorological station data.</abstract><note type="additional physical form">Tab‐delimited Table 1.Tab‐delimited Table 2.Tab‐delimited Table 3.Tab‐delimited Table 4.Tab‐delimited Table 5.</note><subject><genre>Keywords</genre><topic>dust mobilization</topic><topic>MSG‐SEVIRI</topic><topic>Sahara</topic></subject><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="abbreviated"><title>J. Geophys. Res.</title></titleInfo><genre type="Journal">journal</genre><subject><genre>Index Terms</genre><topic authorityURI="http://psi.agu.org/subset/AAC">Aerosol and Clouds</topic><topic authorityURI="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/0300">ATMOSPHERIC COMPOSITION AND STRUCTURE</topic><topic authorityURI="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/0305">Aerosols and particles</topic><topic authorityURI="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/0343">Planetary atmospheres</topic><topic authorityURI="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/0345">Pollution: urban and regional</topic><topic authorityURI="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/3300">ATMOSPHERIC PROCESSES</topic><topic authorityURI="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/3364">Synoptic‐scale meteorology</topic><topic authorityURI="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/3346">Planetary meteorology</topic><topic authorityURI="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/4800">OCEANOGRAPHY: BIOLOGICAL AND CHEMICAL</topic><topic authorityURI="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/4801">Aerosols</topic><topic authorityURI="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/4900">PALEOCEANOGRAPHY</topic><topic authorityURI="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/4906">Aerosols</topic><topic authorityURI="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/5200">PLANETARY SCIENCES: ASTROBIOLOGY</topic><topic authorityURI="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/5210">Planetary atmospheres, clouds, and hazes</topic><topic authorityURI="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/5400">PLANETARY SCIENCES: SOLID SURFACE PLANETS</topic><topic authorityURI="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/5405">Atmospheres</topic><topic authorityURI="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/5445">Meteorology</topic><topic authorityURI="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/5700">PLANETARY SCIENCES: FLUID PLANETS</topic><topic authorityURI="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/5704">Atmospheres</topic><topic authorityURI="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/5739">Meteorology</topic></subject><subject><genre>article category</genre><topic>Aerosol and Clouds</topic></subject><identifier type="ISSN">0148-0227</identifier><identifier type="eISSN">2156-2202</identifier><identifier type="DOI">10.1002/(ISSN)2156-2202d</identifier><identifier type="CODEN">JGREA2</identifier><identifier type="PublisherID">JGRD</identifier><part><date>2009</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>114</number></detail><detail type="issue"><caption>no.</caption><number>D10</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>n/a</start><end>n/a</end><total>18</total></extent></part></relatedItem><identifier type="istex">3070429AC6FD364F12BF715FEB4E37BD107AFC19</identifier><identifier type="DOI">10.1029/2008JD010325</identifier><identifier type="ArticleID">2008JD010325</identifier><accessCondition type="use and reproduction" contentType="copyright">Copyright 2009 by the American Geophysical Union.</accessCondition><recordInfo><recordContentSource>WILEY</recordContentSource></recordInfo></mods></metadata><serie></serie></istex></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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