Reductosols: Natural soils and Technosols under reducing conditions without an aquic moisture regime
Identifieur interne : 000C36 ( Main/Corpus ); précédent : 000C35; suivant : 000C37Reductosols: Natural soils and Technosols under reducing conditions without an aquic moisture regime
Auteurs : Hans Eter Blume ; Peter Felix EnningsenSource :
- Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science [ 1436-8730 ] ; 2009-12.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
Abstract
According to the German soil classification, Reductosols (German: “Reduktosole”) are soils with a redoximorphic color pattern, but without water saturation for lengthy periods. They are formed by reducing conditions due to oxygen deficiency caused by the accumulation of reduct gases such as CH4, CO2, NH3, or H2S in the soil atmosphere. Soil oxygen may have been displaced by the ascent of CO2 from post‐volcanic mofettes or by CH4 from sanitary landfills. Furthermore, a lack of oxygen causing redoximorphism can occur in unsaturated soils if they contain or receive large quantities of easily decomposable organic matter (i.e., organic urban waste or sludge). Under such circumstances, a gleyic color pattern (e.g., an oxidized Bg horizon above a Cr horizon with strongly reducing conditions) forms without the influence of an aquic moisture regime. Waste‐water and petrol infiltration in soil can form a stagnic color pattern without the stagnation of surface water. Such more or less well‐drained but strongly redoximorphic horizons should be named as Yg instead of Bg. In some cases, such soils only exist for a short time due to the loss of reduct gases or termination of infiltration of organic liquids. Reductosols are ecotops with oxygen deficiency. Natural Reductosols dominate in recent and former volcanic areas, whereas Reductic Technosols are formed in urban‐industrial agglomerations. Their morphology, chemistry, dynamics, genesis, and ecology is summarized and discussed in this paper. Natural gas and CO2 gas are deposited in deeper zones of the earth crust since some time. Leakages of these depots let form reductosols as well.
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DOI: 10.1002/jpln.200800125
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They are formed by reducing conditions due to oxygen deficiency caused by the accumulation of reduct gases such as CH4, CO2, NH3, or H2S in the soil atmosphere. Soil oxygen may have been displaced by the ascent of CO2 from post‐volcanic mofettes or by CH4 from sanitary landfills. Furthermore, a lack of oxygen causing redoximorphism can occur in unsaturated soils if they contain or receive large quantities of easily decomposable organic matter (i.e., organic urban waste or sludge). Under such circumstances, a gleyic color pattern (e.g., an oxidized Bg horizon above a Cr horizon with strongly reducing conditions) forms without the influence of an aquic moisture regime. Waste‐water and petrol infiltration in soil can form a stagnic color pattern without the stagnation of surface water. Such more or less well‐drained but strongly redoximorphic horizons should be named as Yg instead of Bg. In some cases, such soils only exist for a short time due to the loss of reduct gases or termination of infiltration of organic liquids. Reductosols are ecotops with oxygen deficiency. Natural Reductosols dominate in recent and former volcanic areas, whereas Reductic Technosols are formed in urban‐industrial agglomerations. Their morphology, chemistry, dynamics, genesis, and ecology is summarized and discussed in this paper. Natural gas and CO2 gas are deposited in deeper zones of the earth crust since some time. Leakages of these depots let form reductosols as well.</div></front></TEI><istex><corpusName>wiley</corpusName><author><json:item><name>Hans‐Peter Blume</name><affiliations><json:string>E-mail: hblume@soils.uni‐kiel.de</json:string><json:string>Institute of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science, 24098 Kiel, Germany</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Peter Felix‐Henningsen</name><affiliations><json:string>Institute of Soil Science and Soil Conservation, Justus‐Liebig‐University Gießen, Heinrich‐Buff‐Ring 26–32, 35392 Gießen, Germany</json:string></affiliations></json:item></author><subject><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>Reductosols</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>natural soils</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>Technosols</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>reducing conditions</value></json:item></subject><language><json:string>eng</json:string></language><abstract>According to the German soil classification, Reductosols (German: “Reduktosole”) are soils with a redoximorphic color pattern, but without water saturation for lengthy periods. They are formed by reducing conditions due to oxygen deficiency caused by the accumulation of reduct gases such as CH4, CO2, NH3, or H2S in the soil atmosphere. Soil oxygen may have been displaced by the ascent of CO2 from post‐volcanic mofettes or by CH4 from sanitary landfills. Furthermore, a lack of oxygen causing redoximorphism can occur in unsaturated soils if they contain or receive large quantities of easily decomposable organic matter (i.e., organic urban waste or sludge). Under such circumstances, a gleyic color pattern (e.g., an oxidized Bg horizon above a Cr horizon with strongly reducing conditions) forms without the influence of an aquic moisture regime. Waste‐water and petrol infiltration in soil can form a stagnic color pattern without the stagnation of surface water. Such more or less well‐drained but strongly redoximorphic horizons should be named as Yg instead of Bg. In some cases, such soils only exist for a short time due to the loss of reduct gases or termination of infiltration of organic liquids. Reductosols are ecotops with oxygen deficiency. Natural Reductosols dominate in recent and former volcanic areas, whereas Reductic Technosols are formed in urban‐industrial agglomerations. Their morphology, chemistry, dynamics, genesis, and ecology is summarized and discussed in this paper. Natural gas and CO2 gas are deposited in deeper zones of the earth crust since some time. 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In some cases, such soils only exist for a short time due to the loss of reduct gases or termination of infiltration of organic liquids. Reductosols are ecotops with oxygen deficiency. Natural Reductosols dominate in recent and former volcanic areas, whereas Reductic Technosols are formed in urban‐industrial agglomerations. Their morphology, chemistry, dynamics, genesis, and ecology is summarized and discussed in this paper. Natural gas and CO2 gas are deposited in deeper zones of the earth crust since some time. 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They are formed by reducing conditions due to oxygen deficiency caused by the accumulation of reduct gases such as CH<sub>4</sub>, CO<sub>2</sub>, NH<sub>3</sub>, or H<sub>2</sub>S in the soil atmosphere. Soil oxygen may have been displaced by the ascent of CO<sub>2</sub> from post‐volcanic mofettes or by CH<sub>4</sub> from sanitary landfills. Furthermore, a lack of oxygen causing redoximorphism can occur in unsaturated soils if they contain or receive large quantities of easily decomposable organic matter (<i>i.e.</i>, organic urban waste or sludge). Under such circumstances, a gleyic color pattern (<i>e.g.</i>, an oxidized Bg horizon above a Cr horizon with strongly reducing conditions) forms without the influence of an aquic moisture regime. Waste‐water and petrol infiltration in soil can form a stagnic color pattern without the stagnation of surface water. Such more or less well‐drained but strongly redoximorphic horizons should be named as Yg instead of Bg.</p><p>In some cases, such soils only exist for a short time due to the loss of reduct gases or termination of infiltration of organic liquids. Reductosols are ecotops with oxygen deficiency. Natural Reductosols dominate in recent and former volcanic areas, whereas Reductic Technosols are formed in urban‐industrial agglomerations. Their morphology, chemistry, dynamics, genesis, and ecology is summarized and discussed in this paper.</p><p>Natural gas and CO<sub>2</sub> gas are deposited in deeper zones of the earth crust since some time. 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They are formed by reducing conditions due to oxygen deficiency caused by the accumulation of reduct gases such as CH4, CO2, NH3, or H2S in the soil atmosphere. Soil oxygen may have been displaced by the ascent of CO2 from post‐volcanic mofettes or by CH4 from sanitary landfills. Furthermore, a lack of oxygen causing redoximorphism can occur in unsaturated soils if they contain or receive large quantities of easily decomposable organic matter (i.e., organic urban waste or sludge). Under such circumstances, a gleyic color pattern (e.g., an oxidized Bg horizon above a Cr horizon with strongly reducing conditions) forms without the influence of an aquic moisture regime. Waste‐water and petrol infiltration in soil can form a stagnic color pattern without the stagnation of surface water. Such more or less well‐drained but strongly redoximorphic horizons should be named as Yg instead of Bg. In some cases, such soils only exist for a short time due to the loss of reduct gases or termination of infiltration of organic liquids. Reductosols are ecotops with oxygen deficiency. Natural Reductosols dominate in recent and former volcanic areas, whereas Reductic Technosols are formed in urban‐industrial agglomerations. Their morphology, chemistry, dynamics, genesis, and ecology is summarized and discussed in this paper. Natural gas and CO2 gas are deposited in deeper zones of the earth crust since some time. Leakages of these depots let form reductosols as well.</abstract><subject lang="en"><genre>Keywords</genre><topic>Reductosols</topic><topic>natural soils</topic><topic>Technosols</topic><topic>reducing conditions</topic></subject><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="abbreviated"><title>Z. Pflanzenernähr. Bodenk.</title></titleInfo><genre type="Journal">journal</genre><subject><genre>article category</genre><topic>Review Article</topic></subject><identifier type="ISSN">1436-8730</identifier><identifier type="eISSN">1522-2624</identifier><identifier type="DOI">10.1002/(ISSN)1522-2624</identifier><identifier type="PublisherID">JPLN</identifier><part><date>2009</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>172</number></detail><detail type="issue"><caption>no.</caption><number>6</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>808</start><end>820</end><total>13</total></extent></part></relatedItem><identifier type="istex">0E8A57E5A891121C54F6719036FDDF2C72BE4557</identifier><identifier type="DOI">10.1002/jpln.200800125</identifier><identifier type="ArticleID">JPLN200800125</identifier><accessCondition type="use and reproduction" contentType="copyright">Copyright © 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. 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