Blood lead levels in children of Lucknow, India
Identifieur interne : 000C29 ( Main/Corpus ); précédent : 000C28; suivant : 000C30Blood lead levels in children of Lucknow, India
Auteurs : Maqusood Ahamed ; Sanjeev Verma ; Archana Kumar ; Mohd. K. J. SiddiquiSource :
- Environmental Toxicology [ 1520-4081 ] ; 2010-02.
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- KwdEn :
Abstract
After implementing measures to control lead pollution in many countries, blood lead levels (BLLs) in children have been declined. The phase‐out of leaded petrol began in Lucknow, the capital of most populated state, Uttar Pradesh in India on April 1, 2000. We evaluated the mean BLL and associated risk factors for lead exposure in Lucknow children (3–12 years) after petrol lead phase‐out activity. The mean BLL of the 200 children was 9.3 μg/dL (range: 1.0–27.9 μg/dL). Seventy‐four children (37%) had BLL above the Centre for Disease Control and Prevention's (CDC) level of concern (10 μg/dL). When these data were compared with BLLs determined by the George Foundation among the children of Mumbai, Bangalore, Kolkata, Chennai, Hyderabad, and Delhi during the year 1997 when leaded petrol was in use, where 62%, 62%, 87%, 96%, 43%, and 95%, respectively, then exceeded the CDC intervention level. Further, BLL of present study was very close to Mumbai children (age ≤12 years) estimated following the introduction of unleaded petrol, and 33% children had BLL above the CDC concern level with an average 8.4 μg/dL. Low socioeconomic status, proximity of home to traffic density, and mother's illiteracy were the factors associated with elevated BLLs in Lucknow children (P < 0.05). Overall, results indicate a declining trend of BLL in Lucknow children when compared with those reported from other cities of India when leaded petrol was in practice. A national population‐based study is recommended to determine the prevalence of elevated BLLs after the phase‐out of leaded‐petrol. In addition, future studies on other sources of lead exposure in Lucknow are warranted for public health purposes. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol, 2010.
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DOI: 10.1002/tox.20476
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The phase‐out of leaded petrol began in Lucknow, the capital of most populated state, Uttar Pradesh in India on April 1, 2000. We evaluated the mean BLL and associated risk factors for lead exposure in Lucknow children (3–12 years) after petrol lead phase‐out activity. The mean BLL of the 200 children was 9.3 μg/dL (range: 1.0–27.9 μg/dL). Seventy‐four children (37%) had BLL above the Centre for Disease Control and Prevention's (CDC) level of concern (10 μg/dL). When these data were compared with BLLs determined by the George Foundation among the children of Mumbai, Bangalore, Kolkata, Chennai, Hyderabad, and Delhi during the year 1997 when leaded petrol was in use, where 62%, 62%, 87%, 96%, 43%, and 95%, respectively, then exceeded the CDC intervention level. Further, BLL of present study was very close to Mumbai children (age ≤12 years) estimated following the introduction of unleaded petrol, and 33% children had BLL above the CDC concern level with an average 8.4 μg/dL. Low socioeconomic status, proximity of home to traffic density, and mother's illiteracy were the factors associated with elevated BLLs in Lucknow children (P < 0.05). Overall, results indicate a declining trend of BLL in Lucknow children when compared with those reported from other cities of India when leaded petrol was in practice. A national population‐based study is recommended to determine the prevalence of elevated BLLs after the phase‐out of leaded‐petrol. In addition, future studies on other sources of lead exposure in Lucknow are warranted for public health purposes. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 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Low socioeconomic status, proximity of home to traffic density, and mother's illiteracy were the factors associated with elevated BLLs in Lucknow children (P > 0.05). Overall, results indicate a declining trend of BLL in Lucknow children when compared with those reported from other cities of India when leaded petrol was in practice. A national population‐based study is recommended to determine the prevalence of elevated BLLs after the phase‐out of leaded‐petrol. In addition, future studies on other sources of lead exposure in Lucknow are warranted for public health purposes. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 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The phase‐out of leaded petrol began in Lucknow, the capital of most populated state, Uttar Pradesh in India on April 1, 2000. We evaluated the mean BLL and associated risk factors for lead exposure in Lucknow children (3–12 years) after petrol lead phase‐out activity. The mean BLL of the 200 children was 9.3 μg/dL (range: 1.0–27.9 μg/dL). Seventy‐four children (37%) had BLL above the Centre for Disease Control and Prevention's (CDC) level of concern (10 μg/dL). When these data were compared with BLLs determined by the George Foundation among the children of Mumbai, Bangalore, Kolkata, Chennai, Hyderabad, and Delhi during the year 1997 when leaded petrol was in use, where 62%, 62%, 87%, 96%, 43%, and 95%, respectively, then exceeded the CDC intervention level. Further, BLL of present study was very close to Mumbai children (age ≤12 years) estimated following the introduction of unleaded petrol, and 33% children had BLL above the CDC concern level with an average 8.4 μg/dL. Low socioeconomic status, proximity of home to traffic density, and mother's illiteracy were the factors associated with elevated BLLs in Lucknow children (P < 0.05). Overall, results indicate a declining trend of BLL in Lucknow children when compared with those reported from other cities of India when leaded petrol was in practice. A national population‐based study is recommended to determine the prevalence of elevated BLLs after the phase‐out of leaded‐petrol. In addition, future studies on other sources of lead exposure in Lucknow are warranted for public health purposes. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 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The phase‐out of leaded petrol began in Lucknow, the capital of most populated state, Uttar Pradesh in India on April 1, 2000. We evaluated the mean BLL and associated risk factors for lead exposure in Lucknow children (3–12 years) after petrol lead phase‐out activity. The mean BLL of the 200 children was 9.3 μg/dL (range: 1.0–27.9 μg/dL). Seventy‐four children (37%) had BLL above the Centre for Disease Control and Prevention's (CDC) level of concern (10 μg/dL). When these data were compared with BLLs determined by the George Foundation among the children of Mumbai, Bangalore, Kolkata, Chennai, Hyderabad, and Delhi during the year 1997 when leaded petrol was in use, where 62%, 62%, 87%, 96%, 43%, and 95%, respectively, then exceeded the CDC intervention level. Further, BLL of present study was very close to Mumbai children (age ≤12 years) estimated following the introduction of unleaded petrol, and 33% children had BLL above the CDC concern level with an average 8.4 μg/dL. Low socioeconomic status, proximity of home to traffic density, and mother's illiteracy were the factors associated with elevated BLLs in Lucknow children (<i>P</i> < 0.05). Overall, results indicate a declining trend of BLL in Lucknow children when compared with those reported from other cities of India when leaded petrol was in practice. A national population‐based study is recommended to determine the prevalence of elevated BLLs after the phase‐out of leaded‐petrol. In addition, future studies on other sources of lead exposure in Lucknow are warranted for public health purposes. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol, 2010.</p></abstract></abstractGroup></contentMeta></header></component></istex:document></istex:metadataXml><mods version="3.6"><titleInfo lang="en"><title>Blood lead levels in children of Lucknow, India</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="abbreviated" lang="en"><title>Blood Lead Levels in Children of Lucknow</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="alternative" contentType="CDATA" lang="en"><title>Blood lead levels in children of Lucknow, India</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Maqusood</namePart><namePart type="family">Ahamed</namePart><affiliation>Analytical Toxicology, Indian Institute of Toxicological Research (Formerly, Industrial Toxicology Research Centre), Lucknow 226 001, India</affiliation><description>Correspondence: Analytical Toxicology, Indian Institute of Toxicological Research (Formerly, Industrial Toxicology Research Centre), Lucknow 226 001, India</description><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Sanjeev</namePart><namePart type="family">Verma</namePart><affiliation>Department of Paediatrics, Chhatrapati Shahuji Maharaj Medical University, Lucknow 226 003, India</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Archana</namePart><namePart type="family">Kumar</namePart><affiliation>Department of Paediatrics, Chhatrapati Shahuji Maharaj Medical University, Lucknow 226 003, India</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Mohd. K. J.</namePart><namePart type="family">Siddiqui</namePart><affiliation>Analytical Toxicology, Indian Institute of Toxicological Research (Formerly, Industrial Toxicology Research Centre), Lucknow 226 001, India</affiliation><affiliation>Current Address: Department of Biology, University of Dayton, 300 College Park Avenue, Dayton‐45469, Ohio, USA</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><typeOfResource>text</typeOfResource><genre type="article" displayLabel="article"></genre><originInfo><publisher>Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company</publisher><place><placeTerm type="text">Hoboken</placeTerm></place><dateIssued encoding="w3cdtf">2010-02</dateIssued><dateCaptured encoding="w3cdtf">2008-08-02</dateCaptured><dateValid encoding="w3cdtf">2008-12-19</dateValid><copyrightDate encoding="w3cdtf">2010</copyrightDate></originInfo><language><languageTerm type="code" authority="rfc3066">en</languageTerm><languageTerm type="code" authority="iso639-2b">eng</languageTerm></language><physicalDescription><internetMediaType>text/html</internetMediaType><extent unit="figures">1</extent><extent unit="tables">2</extent><extent unit="references">43</extent><extent unit="words">1182</extent></physicalDescription><abstract lang="en">After implementing measures to control lead pollution in many countries, blood lead levels (BLLs) in children have been declined. The phase‐out of leaded petrol began in Lucknow, the capital of most populated state, Uttar Pradesh in India on April 1, 2000. We evaluated the mean BLL and associated risk factors for lead exposure in Lucknow children (3–12 years) after petrol lead phase‐out activity. The mean BLL of the 200 children was 9.3 μg/dL (range: 1.0–27.9 μg/dL). Seventy‐four children (37%) had BLL above the Centre for Disease Control and Prevention's (CDC) level of concern (10 μg/dL). When these data were compared with BLLs determined by the George Foundation among the children of Mumbai, Bangalore, Kolkata, Chennai, Hyderabad, and Delhi during the year 1997 when leaded petrol was in use, where 62%, 62%, 87%, 96%, 43%, and 95%, respectively, then exceeded the CDC intervention level. Further, BLL of present study was very close to Mumbai children (age ≤12 years) estimated following the introduction of unleaded petrol, and 33% children had BLL above the CDC concern level with an average 8.4 μg/dL. Low socioeconomic status, proximity of home to traffic density, and mother's illiteracy were the factors associated with elevated BLLs in Lucknow children (P < 0.05). Overall, results indicate a declining trend of BLL in Lucknow children when compared with those reported from other cities of India when leaded petrol was in practice. A national population‐based study is recommended to determine the prevalence of elevated BLLs after the phase‐out of leaded‐petrol. In addition, future studies on other sources of lead exposure in Lucknow are warranted for public health purposes. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol, 2010.</abstract><note type="funding">Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), New Delhi, India</note><subject lang="en"><genre>Keywords</genre><topic>blood lead level</topic><topic>unleaded petrol</topic><topic>children</topic><topic>risk factors</topic><topic>Lucknow</topic></subject><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Environmental Toxicology</title><subTitle>An International Journal</subTitle></titleInfo><titleInfo type="abbreviated"><title>Environ. Toxicol.</title></titleInfo><genre type="Journal">journal</genre><identifier type="ISSN">1520-4081</identifier><identifier type="eISSN">1522-7278</identifier><identifier type="DOI">10.1002/(ISSN)1522-7278</identifier><identifier type="PublisherID">TOX</identifier><part><date>2010</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>25</number></detail><detail type="issue"><caption>no.</caption><number>1</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>48</start><end>54</end><total>7</total></extent></part></relatedItem><relatedItem type="preceding"><titleInfo><title>Environmental Toxicology and Water Quality</title></titleInfo><identifier type="ISSN">1053-4725</identifier><identifier type="ISSN">1098-2256</identifier><part><date point="end">1998</date><detail type="volume"><caption>last vol.</caption><number>13</number></detail><detail type="issue"><caption>last no.</caption><number>4</number></detail></part></relatedItem><identifier type="istex">AA4AC9DD414CC253BFC4225B5C806F03665D6C6A</identifier><identifier type="DOI">10.1002/tox.20476</identifier><identifier type="ArticleID">TOX20476</identifier><accessCondition type="use and reproduction" contentType="copyright">Copyright © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.</accessCondition><recordInfo><recordContentSource>WILEY</recordContentSource><recordOrigin>Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company</recordOrigin></recordInfo></mods></metadata><serie></serie></istex></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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