Lead contamination in tap water of households with children in Lower Saxony, Germany
Identifieur interne : 000342 ( Main/Corpus ); précédent : 000341; suivant : 000343Lead contamination in tap water of households with children in Lower Saxony, Germany
Auteurs : Björn Zietz ; Julia Dassel De Vergara ; Sebastian Kevekordes ; Hartmut DunkelbergSource :
- Science of the Total Environment [ 0048-9697 ] ; 2000.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
Abstract
Lead has numerous acute and chronic adverse effects on human beings. This is especially true for infants and children. The main path of lead ingestion in children can be different according to housing and living situation. The intake of lead through drinking water is commonly due to metal corrosion. The users plumbing can be an important factor. In recent years, many lead pipes in Germany have been replaced by pipes made of an alternative material. The aim of this study is to assess the present state of drinking water contamination and the resulting exposure of infants to lead. For this purpose mothers of new-born babies were offered a free examination of their drinking water. After a written declaration of consent had been obtained and after the infant in question had reached an age of 3 months, a stagnation sample of cold tap-water after overnight stagnation together with a random daytime sample was obtained from the family. The collected samples were analysed by atomic absorption spectrometry for their lead concentration. In total, 1485 samples from households were collected. Of the 1434 stagnation samples, 3.1% had lead concentrations greater than 0.01 mg/l (recommended limit of the WHO) and 0.6% had concentrations above the limit of the German drinking water regulation (0.04 mg/l). The values for the 1474 random daytime samples were 2.1% above 0.01 mg/l and 0.2% greater than 0.04 mg/l, respectively. By region, the areas Bovenden, Friedland, Duderstadt, Northeim and Rosdorf were particularly affected. The highest measured concentrations of lead in the stagnation samples were 0.11 mg/l and 0.15 mg/l in the random daytime samples, respectively.
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DOI: 10.1016/S0048-9697(00)00453-8
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This is especially true for infants and children. The main path of lead ingestion in children can be different according to housing and living situation. The intake of lead through drinking water is commonly due to metal corrosion. The users plumbing can be an important factor. In recent years, many lead pipes in Germany have been replaced by pipes made of an alternative material. The aim of this study is to assess the present state of drinking water contamination and the resulting exposure of infants to lead. For this purpose mothers of new-born babies were offered a free examination of their drinking water. After a written declaration of consent had been obtained and after the infant in question had reached an age of 3 months, a stagnation sample of cold tap-water after overnight stagnation together with a random daytime sample was obtained from the family. The collected samples were analysed by atomic absorption spectrometry for their lead concentration. In total, 1485 samples from households were collected. Of the 1434 stagnation samples, 3.1% had lead concentrations greater than 0.01 mg/l (recommended limit of the WHO) and 0.6% had concentrations above the limit of the German drinking water regulation (0.04 mg/l). The values for the 1474 random daytime samples were 2.1% above 0.01 mg/l and 0.2% greater than 0.04 mg/l, respectively. By region, the areas Bovenden, Friedland, Duderstadt, Northeim and Rosdorf were particularly affected. The highest measured concentrations of lead in the stagnation samples were 0.11 mg/l and 0.15 mg/l in the random daytime samples, respectively.</div></front></TEI><istex><corpusName>elsevier</corpusName><author><json:item><name>Björn Zietz</name><affiliations><json:string>Medical Institute of General Hygiene and Environmental Health, University of Göttingen, Windausweg 2, D-37073 Göttingen, Germany</json:string><json:string>E-mail: bzietz@gwdg.de</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Julia Dassel de Vergara</name><affiliations><json:string>Medical Institute of General Hygiene and Environmental Health, University of Göttingen, Windausweg 2, D-37073 Göttingen, Germany</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Sebastian Kevekordes</name><affiliations><json:string>Medical Institute of General Hygiene and Environmental Health, University of Göttingen, Windausweg 2, D-37073 Göttingen, Germany</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Hartmut Dunkelberg</name><affiliations><json:string>Medical Institute of General Hygiene and Environmental Health, University of Göttingen, Windausweg 2, D-37073 Göttingen, Germany</json:string></affiliations></json:item></author><subject><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>Lead</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>Drinking water</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>Lead pipes</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>Lower Saxony</value></json:item></subject><language><json:string>eng</json:string></language><abstract>Lead has numerous acute and chronic adverse effects on human beings. This is especially true for infants and children. The main path of lead ingestion in children can be different according to housing and living situation. The intake of lead through drinking water is commonly due to metal corrosion. The users plumbing can be an important factor. In recent years, many lead pipes in Germany have been replaced by pipes made of an alternative material. The aim of this study is to assess the present state of drinking water contamination and the resulting exposure of infants to lead. For this purpose mothers of new-born babies were offered a free examination of their drinking water. After a written declaration of consent had been obtained and after the infant in question had reached an age of 3 months, a stagnation sample of cold tap-water after overnight stagnation together with a random daytime sample was obtained from the family. The collected samples were analysed by atomic absorption spectrometry for their lead concentration. In total, 1485 samples from households were collected. Of the 1434 stagnation samples, 3.1% had lead concentrations greater than 0.01 mg/l (recommended limit of the WHO) and 0.6% had concentrations above the limit of the German drinking water regulation (0.04 mg/l). The values for the 1474 random daytime samples were 2.1% above 0.01 mg/l and 0.2% greater than 0.04 mg/l, respectively. By region, the areas Bovenden, Friedland, Duderstadt, Northeim and Rosdorf were particularly affected. 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Tel.: +49-551-394971; fax: +49-551-394957</p></note><affiliation>Medical Institute of General Hygiene and Environmental Health, University of Göttingen, Windausweg 2, D-37073 Göttingen, Germany</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">Julia</forename><surname>Dassel de Vergara</surname></persName><affiliation>Medical Institute of General Hygiene and Environmental Health, University of Göttingen, Windausweg 2, D-37073 Göttingen, Germany</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">Sebastian</forename><surname>Kevekordes</surname></persName><affiliation>Medical Institute of General Hygiene and Environmental Health, University of Göttingen, Windausweg 2, D-37073 Göttingen, Germany</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">Hartmut</forename><surname>Dunkelberg</surname></persName><affiliation>Medical Institute of General Hygiene and Environmental Health, University of Göttingen, Windausweg 2, D-37073 Göttingen, Germany</affiliation></author></analytic><monogr><title level="j">Science of the Total Environment</title><title level="j" type="abbrev">STOTEN</title><idno type="pISSN">0048-9697</idno><idno type="PII">S0048-9697(00)X0172-6</idno><imprint><publisher>ELSEVIER</publisher><date type="published" when="2000"></date><biblScope unit="volume">275</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">1–3</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="19">19</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="26">26</biblScope></imprint></monogr><idno type="istex">DFB2D74019C1C145C932FE609A81175F5D3C2784</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1016/S0048-9697(00)00453-8</idno><idno type="PII">S0048-9697(00)00453-8</idno></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><creation><date>2001</date></creation><langUsage><language ident="en">en</language></langUsage><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Lead has numerous acute and chronic adverse effects on human beings. This is especially true for infants and children. The main path of lead ingestion in children can be different according to housing and living situation. The intake of lead through drinking water is commonly due to metal corrosion. The users plumbing can be an important factor. In recent years, many lead pipes in Germany have been replaced by pipes made of an alternative material. The aim of this study is to assess the present state of drinking water contamination and the resulting exposure of infants to lead. For this purpose mothers of new-born babies were offered a free examination of their drinking water. After a written declaration of consent had been obtained and after the infant in question had reached an age of 3 months, a stagnation sample of cold tap-water after overnight stagnation together with a random daytime sample was obtained from the family. The collected samples were analysed by atomic absorption spectrometry for their lead concentration. In total, 1485 samples from households were collected. Of the 1434 stagnation samples, 3.1% had lead concentrations greater than 0.01 mg/l (recommended limit of the WHO) and 0.6% had concentrations above the limit of the German drinking water regulation (0.04 mg/l). The values for the 1474 random daytime samples were 2.1% above 0.01 mg/l and 0.2% greater than 0.04 mg/l, respectively. By region, the areas Bovenden, Friedland, Duderstadt, Northeim and Rosdorf were particularly affected. The highest measured concentrations of lead in the stagnation samples were 0.11 mg/l and 0.15 mg/l in the random daytime samples, respectively.</p></abstract><textClass xml:lang="en"><keywords scheme="keyword"><list><head>Keywords</head><item><term>Lead</term></item><item><term>Drinking water</term></item><item><term>Lead pipes</term></item><item><term>Lower Saxony</term></item></list></keywords></textClass></profileDesc><revisionDesc><change when="2000-02-20">Registration</change><change when="2000">Published</change></revisionDesc></teiHeader></istex:fulltextTEI><json:item><original>false</original><mimetype>text/plain</mimetype><extension>txt</extension><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/DFB2D74019C1C145C932FE609A81175F5D3C2784/fulltext/txt</uri></json:item></fulltext><metadata><istex:metadataXml wicri:clean="Elsevier, elements deleted: ce:floats; body; tail"><istex:xmlDeclaration>version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"</istex:xmlDeclaration><istex:docType PUBLIC="-//ES//DTD journal article DTD version 4.5.2//EN//XML" URI="art452.dtd" name="istex:docType"><istex:entity SYSTEM="gr1" NDATA="IMAGE" name="gr1"></istex:entity></istex:docType><istex:document><converted-article version="4.5.2" docsubtype="fla" xml:lang="en"><item-info><jid>STOTEN</jid><aid>6744</aid><ce:pii>S0048-9697(00)00453-8</ce:pii><ce:doi>10.1016/S0048-9697(00)00453-8</ce:doi><ce:copyright type="full-transfer" year="2001">Elsevier Science B.V.</ce:copyright></item-info><head><ce:title>Lead contamination in tap water of households with children in Lower Saxony, Germany</ce:title><ce:author-group><ce:author><ce:given-name>Björn</ce:given-name><ce:surname>Zietz</ce:surname><ce:cross-ref refid="COR1">*</ce:cross-ref><ce:e-address type="email">bzietz@gwdg.de</ce:e-address></ce:author><ce:author><ce:given-name>Julia</ce:given-name><ce:surname>Dassel de Vergara</ce:surname></ce:author><ce:author><ce:given-name>Sebastian</ce:given-name><ce:surname>Kevekordes</ce:surname></ce:author><ce:author><ce:given-name>Hartmut</ce:given-name><ce:surname>Dunkelberg</ce:surname></ce:author><ce:affiliation><ce:textfn>Medical Institute of General Hygiene and Environmental Health, University of Göttingen, Windausweg 2, D-37073 Göttingen, Germany</ce:textfn></ce:affiliation><ce:correspondence id="COR1"><ce:label>*</ce:label><ce:text>Corresponding author. Tel.: +49-551-394971; fax: +49-551-394957</ce:text></ce:correspondence></ce:author-group><ce:date-received day="7" month="1" year="2000"></ce:date-received><ce:date-accepted day="20" month="2" year="2000"></ce:date-accepted><ce:abstract><ce:section-title>Abstract</ce:section-title><ce:abstract-sec><ce:simple-para>Lead has numerous acute and chronic adverse effects on human beings. This is especially true for infants and children. The main path of lead ingestion in children can be different according to housing and living situation. The intake of lead through drinking water is commonly due to metal corrosion. The users plumbing can be an important factor. In recent years, many lead pipes in Germany have been replaced by pipes made of an alternative material. The aim of this study is to assess the present state of drinking water contamination and the resulting exposure of infants to lead. For this purpose mothers of new-born babies were offered a free examination of their drinking water. After a written declaration of consent had been obtained and after the infant in question had reached an age of 3 months, a stagnation sample of cold tap-water after overnight stagnation together with a random daytime sample was obtained from the family. The collected samples were analysed by atomic absorption spectrometry for their lead concentration. In total, 1485 samples from households were collected. Of the 1434 stagnation samples, 3.1% had lead concentrations greater than 0.01 mg/l (recommended limit of the WHO) and 0.6% had concentrations above the limit of the German drinking water regulation (0.04 mg/l). The values for the 1474 random daytime samples were 2.1% above 0.01 mg/l and 0.2% greater than 0.04 mg/l, respectively. By region, the areas Bovenden, Friedland, Duderstadt, Northeim and Rosdorf were particularly affected. The highest measured concentrations of lead in the stagnation samples were 0.11 mg/l and 0.15 mg/l in the random daytime samples, respectively.</ce:simple-para></ce:abstract-sec></ce:abstract><ce:keywords class="keyword"><ce:section-title>Keywords</ce:section-title><ce:keyword><ce:text>Lead</ce:text></ce:keyword><ce:keyword><ce:text>Drinking water</ce:text></ce:keyword><ce:keyword><ce:text>Lead pipes</ce:text></ce:keyword><ce:keyword><ce:text>Lower Saxony</ce:text></ce:keyword></ce:keywords></head></converted-article></istex:document></istex:metadataXml><mods version="3.6"><titleInfo lang="en"><title>Lead contamination in tap water of households with children in Lower Saxony, Germany</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="alternative" lang="en" contentType="CDATA"><title>Lead contamination in tap water of households with children in Lower Saxony, Germany</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Björn</namePart><namePart type="family">Zietz</namePart><affiliation>Medical Institute of General Hygiene and Environmental Health, University of Göttingen, Windausweg 2, D-37073 Göttingen, Germany</affiliation><affiliation>E-mail: bzietz@gwdg.de</affiliation><description>Corresponding author. Tel.: +49-551-394971; fax: +49-551-394957</description><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Julia</namePart><namePart type="family">Dassel de Vergara</namePart><affiliation>Medical Institute of General Hygiene and Environmental Health, University of Göttingen, Windausweg 2, D-37073 Göttingen, Germany</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Sebastian</namePart><namePart type="family">Kevekordes</namePart><affiliation>Medical Institute of General Hygiene and Environmental Health, University of Göttingen, Windausweg 2, D-37073 Göttingen, Germany</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Hartmut</namePart><namePart type="family">Dunkelberg</namePart><affiliation>Medical Institute of General Hygiene and Environmental Health, University of Göttingen, Windausweg 2, D-37073 Göttingen, Germany</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><typeOfResource>text</typeOfResource><genre type="research-article" displayLabel="Full-length article"></genre><originInfo><publisher>ELSEVIER</publisher><dateIssued encoding="w3cdtf">2000</dateIssued><dateValid encoding="w3cdtf">2000-02-20</dateValid><copyrightDate encoding="w3cdtf">2001</copyrightDate></originInfo><language><languageTerm type="code" authority="iso639-2b">eng</languageTerm><languageTerm type="code" authority="rfc3066">en</languageTerm></language><physicalDescription><internetMediaType>text/html</internetMediaType></physicalDescription><abstract lang="en">Lead has numerous acute and chronic adverse effects on human beings. This is especially true for infants and children. The main path of lead ingestion in children can be different according to housing and living situation. The intake of lead through drinking water is commonly due to metal corrosion. The users plumbing can be an important factor. In recent years, many lead pipes in Germany have been replaced by pipes made of an alternative material. The aim of this study is to assess the present state of drinking water contamination and the resulting exposure of infants to lead. For this purpose mothers of new-born babies were offered a free examination of their drinking water. After a written declaration of consent had been obtained and after the infant in question had reached an age of 3 months, a stagnation sample of cold tap-water after overnight stagnation together with a random daytime sample was obtained from the family. The collected samples were analysed by atomic absorption spectrometry for their lead concentration. In total, 1485 samples from households were collected. Of the 1434 stagnation samples, 3.1% had lead concentrations greater than 0.01 mg/l (recommended limit of the WHO) and 0.6% had concentrations above the limit of the German drinking water regulation (0.04 mg/l). The values for the 1474 random daytime samples were 2.1% above 0.01 mg/l and 0.2% greater than 0.04 mg/l, respectively. By region, the areas Bovenden, Friedland, Duderstadt, Northeim and Rosdorf were particularly affected. The highest measured concentrations of lead in the stagnation samples were 0.11 mg/l and 0.15 mg/l in the random daytime samples, respectively.</abstract><note type="content">Fig. 1: pH-Values of stagnated water samples with lead concentrations >0.01 mg/l.</note><note type="content">Table 1: Elevated lead concentrations in stagnated samples</note><note type="content">Table 2: Elevated lead concentrations in random daytime samples</note><subject lang="en"><genre>Keywords</genre><topic>Lead</topic><topic>Drinking water</topic><topic>Lead pipes</topic><topic>Lower Saxony</topic></subject><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Science of the Total Environment</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="abbreviated"><title>STOTEN</title></titleInfo><genre type="Journal">journal</genre><originInfo><dateIssued encoding="w3cdtf">20010725</dateIssued></originInfo><identifier type="ISSN">0048-9697</identifier><identifier type="PII">S0048-9697(00)X0172-6</identifier><part><date>20010725</date><detail type="volume"><number>275</number><caption>vol.</caption></detail><detail type="issue"><number>1–3</number><caption>no.</caption></detail><extent unit="issue pages"><start>1</start><end>148</end></extent><extent unit="pages"><start>19</start><end>26</end></extent></part></relatedItem><identifier type="istex">DFB2D74019C1C145C932FE609A81175F5D3C2784</identifier><identifier type="DOI">10.1016/S0048-9697(00)00453-8</identifier><identifier type="PII">S0048-9697(00)00453-8</identifier><accessCondition type="use and reproduction" contentType="">© 2001Elsevier Science B.V.</accessCondition><recordInfo><recordContentSource>ELSEVIER</recordContentSource><recordOrigin>Elsevier Science B.V., ©2001</recordOrigin></recordInfo></mods></metadata><enrichments><istex:catWosTEI uri="https://api.istex.fr/document/DFB2D74019C1C145C932FE609A81175F5D3C2784/enrichments/catWos"><teiHeader><profileDesc><textClass><classCode scheme="WOS">ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES</classCode></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader></istex:catWosTEI></enrichments><serie></serie></istex></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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