"Ring" in the solo child singing voice.
Identifieur interne : 000194 ( PubMed/Checkpoint ); précédent : 000193; suivant : 000195"Ring" in the solo child singing voice.
Auteurs : David M. Howard [Royaume-Uni] ; Jenevora Williams [Royaume-Uni] ; Christian T. Herbst [Autriche]Source :
- Journal of voice : official journal of the Voice Foundation ; 2014.
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Abstract
Listeners often describe the voices of solo child singers as being "pure" or "clear"; these terms would suggest that the voice is not only pleasant but also clearly audible. The audibility or clarity could be attributed to the presence of high-frequency partials in the sound: a "brightness" or "ring." This article aims to investigate spectrally the acoustic nature of this ring phenomenon in children's solo voices, and in particular, relating it to their "nonring" production. Additionally, this is set in the context of establishing to what extent, if any, the spectral characteristics of ring are shared with those of the singer's formant cluster associated with professional adult opera singers in the 2.5-3.5kHz region.
DOI: 10.1016/j.jvoice.2013.09.001
PubMed: 24216269
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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">"Ring" in the solo child singing voice.</title><author><name sortKey="Howard, David M" sort="Howard, David M" uniqKey="Howard D" first="David M" last="Howard">David M. Howard</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Electronics, York Centre for Singing Science, University of York, York, UK. Electronic address: david.howard@york.ac.uk.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Electronics, York Centre for Singing Science, University of York, York</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>York</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Williams, Jenevora" sort="Williams, Jenevora" uniqKey="Williams J" first="Jenevora" last="Williams">Jenevora Williams</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Singing teaching, Guildford, UK.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Singing teaching, Guildford</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Guildford</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Herbst, Christian T" sort="Herbst, Christian T" uniqKey="Herbst C" first="Christian T" last="Herbst">Christian T. Herbst</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Biophysics, Palacky University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic; Department of Cognitive Biology, Bioacoustics Laboratory, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Autriche</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Biophysics, Palacky University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic; Department of Cognitive Biology, Bioacoustics Laboratory, University of Vienna, Vienna</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Vienne (Autriche)</settlement><region nuts="2" type="province">Vienne (Autriche)</region></placeName></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PubMed</idno><date when="2014">2014</date><idno type="RBID">pubmed:24216269</idno><idno type="pmid">24216269</idno><idno type="doi">10.1016/j.jvoice.2013.09.001</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PubMed/Corpus">000197</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PubMed/Curation">000197</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PubMed/Checkpoint">000194</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en">"Ring" in the solo child singing voice.</title><author><name sortKey="Howard, David M" sort="Howard, David M" uniqKey="Howard D" first="David M" last="Howard">David M. Howard</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Electronics, York Centre for Singing Science, University of York, York, UK. Electronic address: david.howard@york.ac.uk.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Electronics, York Centre for Singing Science, University of York, York</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>York</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Williams, Jenevora" sort="Williams, Jenevora" uniqKey="Williams J" first="Jenevora" last="Williams">Jenevora Williams</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Singing teaching, Guildford, UK.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Singing teaching, Guildford</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Guildford</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Herbst, Christian T" sort="Herbst, Christian T" uniqKey="Herbst C" first="Christian T" last="Herbst">Christian T. Herbst</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Biophysics, Palacky University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic; Department of Cognitive Biology, Bioacoustics Laboratory, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Autriche</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Biophysics, Palacky University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic; Department of Cognitive Biology, Bioacoustics Laboratory, University of Vienna, Vienna</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Vienne (Autriche)</settlement><region nuts="2" type="province">Vienne (Autriche)</region></placeName></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Journal of voice : official journal of the Voice Foundation</title><idno type="e-ISSN">1873-4588</idno><imprint><date when="2014" type="published">2014</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Acoustics</term><term>Adolescent</term><term>Age Factors</term><term>Auditory Perception</term><term>Child</term><term>Female</term><term>Humans</term><term>Male</term><term>Pressure</term><term>Singing</term><term>Sound Spectrography</term><term>Voice Quality</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>Acoustics</term><term>Adolescent</term><term>Age Factors</term><term>Auditory Perception</term><term>Child</term><term>Female</term><term>Humans</term><term>Male</term><term>Pressure</term><term>Singing</term><term>Sound Spectrography</term><term>Voice Quality</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Listeners often describe the voices of solo child singers as being "pure" or "clear"; these terms would suggest that the voice is not only pleasant but also clearly audible. The audibility or clarity could be attributed to the presence of high-frequency partials in the sound: a "brightness" or "ring." This article aims to investigate spectrally the acoustic nature of this ring phenomenon in children's solo voices, and in particular, relating it to their "nonring" production. Additionally, this is set in the context of establishing to what extent, if any, the spectral characteristics of ring are shared with those of the singer's formant cluster associated with professional adult opera singers in the 2.5-3.5kHz region.</div></front></TEI><pubmed><MedlineCitation Owner="NLM" Status="MEDLINE"><PMID Version="1">24216269</PMID><DateCreated><Year>2014</Year><Month>03</Month><Day>03</Day></DateCreated><DateCompleted><Year>2014</Year><Month>11</Month><Day>03</Day></DateCompleted><Article PubModel="Print-Electronic"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Electronic">1873-4588</ISSN><JournalIssue CitedMedium="Internet"><Volume>28</Volume><Issue>2</Issue><PubDate><Year>2014</Year><Month>Mar</Month></PubDate></JournalIssue><Title>Journal of voice : official journal of the Voice Foundation</Title><ISOAbbreviation>J Voice</ISOAbbreviation></Journal><ArticleTitle>"Ring" in the solo child singing voice.</ArticleTitle><Pagination><MedlinePgn>161-9</MedlinePgn></Pagination><ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.1016/j.jvoice.2013.09.001</ELocationID><ELocationID EIdType="pii" ValidYN="Y">S0892-1997(13)00186-0</ELocationID><Abstract><AbstractText Label="OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS" NlmCategory="OBJECTIVE">Listeners often describe the voices of solo child singers as being "pure" or "clear"; these terms would suggest that the voice is not only pleasant but also clearly audible. The audibility or clarity could be attributed to the presence of high-frequency partials in the sound: a "brightness" or "ring." This article aims to investigate spectrally the acoustic nature of this ring phenomenon in children's solo voices, and in particular, relating it to their "nonring" production. Additionally, this is set in the context of establishing to what extent, if any, the spectral characteristics of ring are shared with those of the singer's formant cluster associated with professional adult opera singers in the 2.5-3.5kHz region.</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="METHODS" NlmCategory="METHODS">A group of child solo singers, acknowledged as outstanding by a singing teacher who specializes in teaching professional child singers, were recorded in a major UK concert hall performing Come unto him, all ye that labour, from the aria He shall feed his flock from The Messiah by GF Handel. Their singing was accompanied by a recording of a piano played through in-ear headphones. Sound pressure recordings were made from well within the critical distance in the hall. The singers were observed to produce notes with and without ring, and these recordings were analyzed in the frequency domain to investigate their spectra.</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="RESULTS" NlmCategory="RESULTS">The results indicate that there is evidence to suggest that ring in child solo singers is carried in two areas of the output spectrum: first in the singer's formant cluster region, centered around 4kHz, which is more than 1000Hz higher than what is observed in adults; and second in the region around 7.5-11kHz where a significant strengthening of harmonic presence is observed. A perceptual test has been carried out demonstrating that 94% of 62 listeners label a synthesized version of the calculated overall average ring spectrum for all subjects as having ring when compared with a synthesized version of the calculated overall average nonring spectrum.</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="CONCLUSIONS" NlmCategory="CONCLUSIONS">The notion of ring in the child solo voice manifests itself not only with spectral features in common with the projection peak found in adult singers but also in a higher frequency region. It is suggested that the formant cluster at around 4kHz is the children's equivalent of the singers' formant cluster; the frequency is higher than in the adult, most likely due to the smaller dimensions of the epilaryngeal tube. The frequency cluster observed as a strong peak at about 7.5-11kHz, when added to the children's singers' formant cluster, may be the key to cueing the notion of ring in the child solo voice.</AbstractText><CopyrightInformation>Copyright © 2014 The Voice Foundation. Published by Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved.</CopyrightInformation></Abstract><AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Howard</LastName><ForeName>David M</ForeName><Initials>DM</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Electronics, York Centre for Singing Science, University of York, York, UK. Electronic address: david.howard@york.ac.uk.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Williams</LastName><ForeName>Jenevora</ForeName><Initials>J</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Singing teaching, Guildford, UK.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Herbst</LastName><ForeName>Christian T</ForeName><Initials>CT</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Biophysics, Palacky University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic; Department of Cognitive Biology, Bioacoustics Laboratory, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author></AuthorList><Language>eng</Language><PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType><PublicationType UI="D013485">Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't</PublicationType></PublicationTypeList><ArticleDate DateType="Electronic"><Year>2013</Year><Month>11</Month><Day>08</Day></ArticleDate></Article><MedlineJournalInfo><Country>United States</Country><MedlineTA>J Voice</MedlineTA><NlmUniqueID>8712262</NlmUniqueID><ISSNLinking>0892-1997</ISSNLinking></MedlineJournalInfo><CitationSubset>IM</CitationSubset><MeshHeadingList><MeshHeading><DescriptorName MajorTopicYN="N" UI="D000162">Acoustics</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName MajorTopicYN="N" UI="D000293">Adolescent</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName MajorTopicYN="N" UI="D000367">Age Factors</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName MajorTopicYN="Y" UI="D001307">Auditory Perception</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName MajorTopicYN="N" UI="D002648">Child</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName MajorTopicYN="N" UI="D005260">Female</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName MajorTopicYN="N" UI="D006801">Humans</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName MajorTopicYN="N" UI="D008297">Male</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName MajorTopicYN="N" UI="D011312">Pressure</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName MajorTopicYN="Y" UI="D063346">Singing</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName MajorTopicYN="N" UI="D013018">Sound Spectrography</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName MajorTopicYN="Y" UI="D014833">Voice Quality</DescriptorName></MeshHeading></MeshHeadingList><KeywordList Owner="NOTNLM"><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Child voice</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Ring</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Singer's formant</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Singer's formant cluster</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Singing</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Soloist</Keyword></KeywordList></MedlineCitation><PubmedData><History><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="received"><Year>2013</Year><Month>6</Month><Day>13</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="accepted"><Year>2013</Year><Month>9</Month><Day>4</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="aheadofprint"><Year>2013</Year><Month>11</Month><Day>8</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="entrez"><Year>2013</Year><Month>11</Month><Day>13</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="pubmed"><Year>2013</Year><Month>11</Month><Day>13</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="medline"><Year>2014</Year><Month>11</Month><Day>5</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate></History><PublicationStatus>ppublish</PublicationStatus><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">24216269</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="pii">S0892-1997(13)00186-0</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="doi">10.1016/j.jvoice.2013.09.001</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></PubmedData></pubmed><affiliations><list><country><li>Autriche</li><li>Royaume-Uni</li></country><region><li>Vienne (Autriche)</li></region><settlement><li>Vienne (Autriche)</li></settlement></list><tree><country name="Royaume-Uni"><noRegion><name sortKey="Howard, David M" sort="Howard, David M" uniqKey="Howard D" first="David M" last="Howard">David M. Howard</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Williams, Jenevora" sort="Williams, Jenevora" uniqKey="Williams J" first="Jenevora" last="Williams">Jenevora Williams</name></country><country name="Autriche"><region name="Vienne (Autriche)"><name sortKey="Herbst, Christian T" sort="Herbst, Christian T" uniqKey="Herbst C" first="Christian T" last="Herbst">Christian T. Herbst</name></region></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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