Late Life Leisure Activities and Risk of Cognitive Decline
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Auteurs : Hui-Xin Wang [Suède] ; Yinlong Jin [République populaire de Chine] ; Hugh C. Hendrie ; Chaoke Liang [République populaire de Chine] ; Lili Yang ; Yibin Cheng [République populaire de Chine] ; Frederick W. Unverzagt ; Feng Ma [République populaire de Chine] ; Kathleen S. Hall ; Jill R. Murrell ; Ping Li [République populaire de Chine] ; Jianchao Bian [République populaire de Chine] ; Jin-Jing Pei ; Sujuan GaoSource :
- The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences [ 1079-5006 ] ; 2012.
Abstract
Studies concerning the effect of different types of leisure activities on various cognitive domains are limited. This study tests the hypothesis that mental, physical, and social activities have a domain-specific protection against cognitive decline.
A cohort of a geographically defined population in China was examined in 2003–2005 and followed for an average of 2.4 years. Leisure activities were assessed in 1,463 adults aged 65 years and older without cognitive or physical impairment at baseline, and their cognitive performances were tested at baseline and follow-up examinations.
High level of mental activity was related to less decline in global cognition (β = −.23,
Leisure activities in old age may protect against cognitive decline for both women and men, and different types of activities seem to benefit different cognitive domains.
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DOI: 10.1093/gerona/gls153
PubMed: 22879456
PubMed Central: 3598354
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Hugh C. Hendrie<affiliation><nlm:aff id="AF0003"><institution>Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine</institution><institution>Indianapolis</institution><country>Indiana.</country></nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="nlm country">Indiana.</wicri:noCountry></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="AF0004"><institution>Indiana University Center for Aging Research, Indianapolis</institution><country>Indiana.</country></nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="nlm country">Indiana.</wicri:noCountry></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="AF0005"><institution>Regenstrief Institute</institution><institution>Inc. Indianapolis</institution><country>Indiana.</country></nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="nlm country">Indiana.</wicri:noCountry></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="AF0004"><institution>Indiana University Center for Aging Research, Indianapolis</institution><country>Indiana.</country></nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="nlm country">Indiana.</wicri:noCountry></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="AF0005"><institution>Regenstrief Institute</institution><institution>Inc. Indianapolis</institution><country>Indiana.</country></nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="nlm country">Indiana.</wicri:noCountry></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="AF0005"><institution>Regenstrief Institute</institution><institution>Inc. Indianapolis</institution><country>Indiana.</country></nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="nlm country">Indiana.</wicri:noCountry></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="AF0003"><institution>Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine</institution><institution>Indianapolis</institution><country>Indiana.</country></nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="nlm country">Indiana.</wicri:noCountry></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="AF0003"><institution>Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine</institution><institution>Indianapolis</institution><country>Indiana.</country></nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="nlm country">Indiana.</wicri:noCountry></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="AF0007"><institution>Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine,
Indiana University School of Medicine</institution><institution>Indianapolis</institution><country>Indiana.</country></nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="nlm country">Indiana.</wicri:noCountry></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="AF0010"><institution>KI-Alzheimer Disease Research Center (KI-ADRC), Department of Neurobiology</institution><institution>Care Sciences and
Society</institution><institution>Karolinska Institutet</institution><country>Sweden.</country></nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="nlm country">Sweden.</wicri:noCountry></affiliation>Le document en format XML
<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Late Life Leisure Activities and Risk of Cognitive Decline</title><author><name sortKey="Wang, Hui Xin" sort="Wang, Hui Xin" uniqKey="Wang H" first="Hui-Xin" last="Wang">Hui-Xin Wang</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="AF0001"><institution>Aging Research Center, Department of Neurobiology, Caring sciences, and Society, Karolinska Institutet
and Stockholm University,</institution><country>Gävlegatan 16, 113 30 Stockholm, Sweden.</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Suède</country><wicri:regionArea></wicri:regionArea><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff region in country</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jin, Yinlong" sort="Jin, Yinlong" uniqKey="Jin Y" first="Yinlong" last="Jin">Yinlong Jin</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="AF0002"><institution>Institute for Environmental Health and Related Product Safety, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention</institution><country>Beijing, China.</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea></wicri:regionArea><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff region in country</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hendrie, Hugh C" sort="Hendrie, Hugh C" uniqKey="Hendrie H" first="Hugh C." last="Hendrie">Hugh C. Hendrie</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="AF0003"><institution>Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine</institution><institution>Indianapolis</institution><country>Indiana.</country></nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="nlm country">Indiana.</wicri:noCountry></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="AF0004"><institution>Indiana University Center for Aging Research, Indianapolis</institution><country>Indiana.</country></nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="nlm country">Indiana.</wicri:noCountry></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="AF0005"><institution>Regenstrief Institute</institution><institution>Inc. Indianapolis</institution><country>Indiana.</country></nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="nlm country">Indiana.</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Liang, Chaoke" sort="Liang, Chaoke" uniqKey="Liang C" first="Chaoke" last="Liang">Chaoke Liang</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="AF0002"><institution>Institute for Environmental Health and Related Product Safety, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention</institution><country>Beijing, China.</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea></wicri:regionArea><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff region in country</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Yang, Lili" sort="Yang, Lili" uniqKey="Yang L" first="Lili" last="Yang">Lili Yang</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="AF0006"><institution>Department of Medicine and</institution></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cheng, Yibin" sort="Cheng, Yibin" uniqKey="Cheng Y" first="Yibin" last="Cheng">Yibin Cheng</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="AF0002"><institution>Institute for Environmental Health and Related Product Safety, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention</institution><country>Beijing, China.</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea></wicri:regionArea><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff region in country</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Unverzagt, Frederick W" sort="Unverzagt, Frederick W" uniqKey="Unverzagt F" first="Frederick W." last="Unverzagt">Frederick W. Unverzagt</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="AF0003"><institution>Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine</institution><institution>Indianapolis</institution><country>Indiana.</country></nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="nlm country">Indiana.</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ma, Feng" sort="Ma, Feng" uniqKey="Ma F" first="Feng" last="Ma">Feng Ma</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="AF0002"><institution>Institute for Environmental Health and Related Product Safety, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention</institution><country>Beijing, China.</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea></wicri:regionArea><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff region in country</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hall, Kathleen S" sort="Hall, Kathleen S" uniqKey="Hall K" first="Kathleen S." last="Hall">Kathleen S. Hall</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="AF0003"><institution>Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine</institution><institution>Indianapolis</institution><country>Indiana.</country></nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="nlm country">Indiana.</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Murrell, Jill R" sort="Murrell, Jill R" uniqKey="Murrell J" first="Jill R." last="Murrell">Jill R. Murrell</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="AF0007"><institution>Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine,
Indiana University School of Medicine</institution><institution>Indianapolis</institution><country>Indiana.</country></nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="nlm country">Indiana.</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Li, Ping" sort="Li, Ping" uniqKey="Li P" first="Ping" last="Li">Ping Li</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="AF0008"><institution>Sichuan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention in China</institution><country>Chengdu, China.</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea></wicri:regionArea><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff region in country</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bian, Jianchao" sort="Bian, Jianchao" uniqKey="Bian J" first="Jianchao" last="Bian">Jianchao Bian</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="AF0009"><institution>Shandong Institute for Prevention and Treatment of Endemic Disease in China</institution><country>Jinan, China.</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea></wicri:regionArea><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff region in country</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pei, Jin Jing" sort="Pei, Jin Jing" uniqKey="Pei J" first="Jin-Jing" last="Pei">Jin-Jing Pei</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="AF0010"><institution>KI-Alzheimer Disease Research Center (KI-ADRC), Department of Neurobiology</institution><institution>Care Sciences and
Society</institution><institution>Karolinska Institutet</institution><country>Sweden.</country></nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="nlm country">Sweden.</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gao, Sujuan" sort="Gao, Sujuan" uniqKey="Gao S" first="Sujuan" last="Gao">Sujuan Gao</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="AF0006"><institution>Department of Medicine and</institution></nlm:aff></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">22879456</idno><idno type="pmc">3598354</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3598354</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:3598354</idno><idno type="doi">10.1093/gerona/gls153</idno><date when="2012">2012</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">000D17</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Curation">000D17</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Late Life Leisure Activities and Risk of Cognitive Decline</title><author><name sortKey="Wang, Hui Xin" sort="Wang, Hui Xin" uniqKey="Wang H" first="Hui-Xin" last="Wang">Hui-Xin Wang</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="AF0001"><institution>Aging Research Center, Department of Neurobiology, Caring sciences, and Society, Karolinska Institutet
and Stockholm University,</institution><country>Gävlegatan 16, 113 30 Stockholm, Sweden.</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Suède</country><wicri:regionArea></wicri:regionArea><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff region in country</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jin, Yinlong" sort="Jin, Yinlong" uniqKey="Jin Y" first="Yinlong" last="Jin">Yinlong Jin</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="AF0002"><institution>Institute for Environmental Health and Related Product Safety, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention</institution><country>Beijing, China.</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea></wicri:regionArea><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff region in country</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hendrie, Hugh C" sort="Hendrie, Hugh C" uniqKey="Hendrie H" first="Hugh C." last="Hendrie">Hugh C. Hendrie</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="AF0003"><institution>Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine</institution><institution>Indianapolis</institution><country>Indiana.</country></nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="nlm country">Indiana.</wicri:noCountry></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="AF0004"><institution>Indiana University Center for Aging Research, Indianapolis</institution><country>Indiana.</country></nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="nlm country">Indiana.</wicri:noCountry></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="AF0005"><institution>Regenstrief Institute</institution><institution>Inc. Indianapolis</institution><country>Indiana.</country></nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="nlm country">Indiana.</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Liang, Chaoke" sort="Liang, Chaoke" uniqKey="Liang C" first="Chaoke" last="Liang">Chaoke Liang</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="AF0002"><institution>Institute for Environmental Health and Related Product Safety, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention</institution><country>Beijing, China.</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea></wicri:regionArea><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff region in country</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Yang, Lili" sort="Yang, Lili" uniqKey="Yang L" first="Lili" last="Yang">Lili Yang</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="AF0006"><institution>Department of Medicine and</institution></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cheng, Yibin" sort="Cheng, Yibin" uniqKey="Cheng Y" first="Yibin" last="Cheng">Yibin Cheng</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="AF0002"><institution>Institute for Environmental Health and Related Product Safety, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention</institution><country>Beijing, China.</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea></wicri:regionArea><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff region in country</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Unverzagt, Frederick W" sort="Unverzagt, Frederick W" uniqKey="Unverzagt F" first="Frederick W." last="Unverzagt">Frederick W. Unverzagt</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="AF0003"><institution>Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine</institution><institution>Indianapolis</institution><country>Indiana.</country></nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="nlm country">Indiana.</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ma, Feng" sort="Ma, Feng" uniqKey="Ma F" first="Feng" last="Ma">Feng Ma</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="AF0002"><institution>Institute for Environmental Health and Related Product Safety, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention</institution><country>Beijing, China.</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea></wicri:regionArea><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff region in country</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hall, Kathleen S" sort="Hall, Kathleen S" uniqKey="Hall K" first="Kathleen S." last="Hall">Kathleen S. Hall</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="AF0003"><institution>Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine</institution><institution>Indianapolis</institution><country>Indiana.</country></nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="nlm country">Indiana.</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Murrell, Jill R" sort="Murrell, Jill R" uniqKey="Murrell J" first="Jill R." last="Murrell">Jill R. Murrell</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="AF0007"><institution>Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine,
Indiana University School of Medicine</institution><institution>Indianapolis</institution><country>Indiana.</country></nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="nlm country">Indiana.</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Li, Ping" sort="Li, Ping" uniqKey="Li P" first="Ping" last="Li">Ping Li</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="AF0008"><institution>Sichuan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention in China</institution><country>Chengdu, China.</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea></wicri:regionArea><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff region in country</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bian, Jianchao" sort="Bian, Jianchao" uniqKey="Bian J" first="Jianchao" last="Bian">Jianchao Bian</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="AF0009"><institution>Shandong Institute for Prevention and Treatment of Endemic Disease in China</institution><country>Jinan, China.</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea></wicri:regionArea><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff region in country</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pei, Jin Jing" sort="Pei, Jin Jing" uniqKey="Pei J" first="Jin-Jing" last="Pei">Jin-Jing Pei</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="AF0010"><institution>KI-Alzheimer Disease Research Center (KI-ADRC), Department of Neurobiology</institution><institution>Care Sciences and
Society</institution><institution>Karolinska Institutet</institution><country>Sweden.</country></nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="nlm country">Sweden.</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gao, Sujuan" sort="Gao, Sujuan" uniqKey="Gao S" first="Sujuan" last="Gao">Sujuan Gao</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="AF0006"><institution>Department of Medicine and</institution></nlm:aff></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences</title><idno type="ISSN">1079-5006</idno><idno type="e-ISSN">1758-535X</idno><imprint><date when="2012">2012</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Background.</title><p>Studies concerning the effect of different types of leisure activities on various cognitive domains are limited. This study tests the hypothesis that mental, physical, and social activities have a domain-specific protection against cognitive decline.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods.</title><p>A cohort of a geographically defined population in China was examined in 2003–2005 and followed for an average of 2.4 years. Leisure activities were assessed in 1,463 adults aged 65 years and older without cognitive or physical impairment at baseline, and their cognitive performances were tested at baseline and follow-up examinations.</p></sec><sec><title>Results.</title><p>High level of mental activity was related to less decline in global cognition (β = −.23, <italic>p</italic> < .01), language (β = −.11, <italic>p</italic> < .05), and executive function (β = −.13, <italic>p</italic> < .05) in ANCOVA models adjusting for age, gender, education, history of stroke, body mass index, Apolipoprotein E genotype, and baseline cognition. High level of physical activity was related to less decline in episodic memory (β = −.08, <italic>p</italic> < .05) and language (β = −.15, <italic>p</italic> < .01). High level of social activity was associated with less decline in global cognition (β = −.11, <italic>p</italic> < .05). Further, a dose-response pattern was observed: although participants who did not engage in any of the three activities experienced a significant global cognitive decline, those who engaged in any one of the activities maintained their cognition, and those who engaged in two or three activities improved their cognition. The same pattern was observed in men and in women.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions.</title><p>Leisure activities in old age may protect against cognitive decline for both women and men, and different types of activities seem to benefit different cognitive domains.</p></sec></div></front></TEI><pmc article-type="research-article"><pmc-comment>The publisher of this article does not allow downloading of the full text in XML form.</pmc-comment>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">J. Gerontol. A Biol. Sci. Med. Sci</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="hwp">gerona</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">gerona</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1079-5006</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1758-535X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Oxford University Press</publisher-name><publisher-loc>US</publisher-loc></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">22879456</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">3598354</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1093/gerona/gls153</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Late Life Leisure Activities and Risk of Cognitive Decline</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name><surname>Wang</surname><given-names>Hui-Xin</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="AF0001"><sup>1</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="no"><name><surname>Jin</surname><given-names>Yinlong</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="AF0002"><sup>2</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="no"><name><surname>Hendrie</surname><given-names>Hugh C.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="AF0003"><sup>3</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="AF0004"><sup>4</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="AF0005"><sup>5</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="no"><name><surname>Liang</surname><given-names>Chaoke</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="AF0002"><sup>2</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="no"><name><surname>Yang</surname><given-names>Lili</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="AF0006"><sup>6</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="no"><name><surname>Cheng</surname><given-names>Yibin</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="AF0002"><sup>2</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="no"><name><surname>Unverzagt</surname><given-names>Frederick W.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="AF0003"><sup>3</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="no"><name><surname>Ma</surname><given-names>Feng</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="AF0002"><sup>2</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="no"><name><surname>Hall</surname><given-names>Kathleen S.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="AF0003"><sup>3</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="no"><name><surname>Murrell</surname><given-names>Jill R.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="AF0007"><sup>7</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="no"><name><surname>Li</surname><given-names>Ping</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="AF0008"><sup>8</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="no"><name><surname>Bian</surname><given-names>Jianchao</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="AF0009"><sup>9</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="no"><name><surname>Pei</surname><given-names>Jin-Jing</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="AF0010"><sup>10</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="no"><name><surname>Gao</surname><given-names>Sujuan</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="AF0006"><sup>6</sup></xref></contrib><aff id="AF0001"><sup>1</sup><institution>Aging Research Center, Department of Neurobiology, Caring sciences, and Society, Karolinska Institutet
and Stockholm University,</institution><country>Gävlegatan 16, 113 30 Stockholm, Sweden.</country></aff><aff id="AF0002"><sup>2</sup><institution>Institute for Environmental Health and Related Product Safety, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention</institution><country>Beijing, China.</country></aff><aff id="AF0003"><sup>3</sup><institution>Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine</institution><institution>Indianapolis</institution><country>Indiana.</country></aff><aff id="AF0004"><sup>4</sup><institution>Indiana University Center for Aging Research, Indianapolis</institution><country>Indiana.</country></aff><aff id="AF0005"><sup>5</sup><institution>Regenstrief Institute</institution><institution>Inc. Indianapolis</institution><country>Indiana.</country></aff><aff id="AF0006"><sup>6</sup><institution>Department of Medicine and</institution></aff><aff id="AF0007"><sup>7</sup><institution>Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine,
Indiana University School of Medicine</institution><institution>Indianapolis</institution><country>Indiana.</country></aff><aff id="AF0008"><sup>8</sup><institution>Sichuan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention in China</institution><country>Chengdu, China.</country></aff><aff id="AF0009"><sup>9</sup><institution>Shandong Institute for Prevention and Treatment of Endemic Disease in China</institution><country>Jinan, China.</country></aff><aff id="AF0010"><sup>10</sup><institution>KI-Alzheimer Disease Research Center (KI-ADRC), Department of Neurobiology</institution><institution>Care Sciences and
Society</institution><institution>Karolinska Institutet</institution><country>Sweden.</country></aff></contrib-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="editor" corresp="no"><name><surname>Kritchevsky</surname><given-names>Stephen</given-names></name><degrees>PhD</degrees></contrib></contrib-group><author-notes><corresp id="c1"><institution>Address correspondence to Hui-Xin Wang, PhD, Aging Research Center, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University,</institution><country> Gävlegatan 16, 113 30 Stockholm, Sweden. </country>Email: <email xlink:href="huixin.wang@ki.se">huixin.wang@ki.se</email></corresp></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="ppub"><month>2</month><year>2013</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>9</day><month>8</month><year>2012</year></pub-date><volume>68</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>205</fpage><lpage>213</lpage><history><date date-type="received"><day>13</day><month>1</month><year>2012</year></date><date date-type="accepted"><day>23</day><month>5</month><year>2012</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement>© The Author 2012. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Gerontological Society of America. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2012</copyright-year></permissions><abstract><sec><title>Background.</title><p>Studies concerning the effect of different types of leisure activities on various cognitive domains are limited. This study tests the hypothesis that mental, physical, and social activities have a domain-specific protection against cognitive decline.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods.</title><p>A cohort of a geographically defined population in China was examined in 2003–2005 and followed for an average of 2.4 years. Leisure activities were assessed in 1,463 adults aged 65 years and older without cognitive or physical impairment at baseline, and their cognitive performances were tested at baseline and follow-up examinations.</p></sec><sec><title>Results.</title><p>High level of mental activity was related to less decline in global cognition (β = −.23, <italic>p</italic> < .01), language (β = −.11, <italic>p</italic> < .05), and executive function (β = −.13, <italic>p</italic> < .05) in ANCOVA models adjusting for age, gender, education, history of stroke, body mass index, Apolipoprotein E genotype, and baseline cognition. High level of physical activity was related to less decline in episodic memory (β = −.08, <italic>p</italic> < .05) and language (β = −.15, <italic>p</italic> < .01). High level of social activity was associated with less decline in global cognition (β = −.11, <italic>p</italic> < .05). Further, a dose-response pattern was observed: although participants who did not engage in any of the three activities experienced a significant global cognitive decline, those who engaged in any one of the activities maintained their cognition, and those who engaged in two or three activities improved their cognition. The same pattern was observed in men and in women.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions.</title><p>Leisure activities in old age may protect against cognitive decline for both women and men, and different types of activities seem to benefit different cognitive domains.</p></sec></abstract><kwd-group><title>Key Words:</title><kwd>Cognitive function</kwd><kwd>Leisure activities</kwd><kwd>Mental activity</kwd><kwd>Physical activity</kwd><kwd>Social activity</kwd></kwd-group><counts><page-count count="9"></page-count></counts></article-meta></front></pmc></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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