Phonatory control in male singing: a study of the effects of subglottal pressure, fundamental frequency, and mode of phonation on the voice source.
Identifieur interne : 002E90 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 002E89; suivant : 002E91Phonatory control in male singing: a study of the effects of subglottal pressure, fundamental frequency, and mode of phonation on the voice source.
Auteurs : J. Sundberg [Suède] ; I. Titze ; R. SchererSource :
- Journal of voice : official journal of the Voice Foundation [ 0892-1997 ] ; 1993.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- MESH :
- physiology : Glottis, Phonation, Voice.
- Air Pressure, Equipment Design, Humans, Male, Speech Acoustics, Speech Production Measurement, Transducers, Voice Quality.
Abstract
This article describes experiments carried out in order to gain a deeper understanding of the mechanisms underlying variation of vocal loudness in singers. Ten singers, two of whom are famous professional opera tenor soloists, phonated at different pitches and different loudnesses. Their voice source characteristics were analyzed by inverse filtering the oral airflow signal. It was found that the main physiological variable underlying loudness variation is subglottal pressure (Ps). The voice source property determining most of the loudness variation is the amplitude of the negative peak of the differentiated flow signal, as predicted by previous research. Increases in this amplitude are achieved by (a) increasing the pulse amplitude of the flow waveform; (b) moving the moment of vocal fold contact earlier in time, closer to the center of the pulse; and (c) skewing the pulses. The last mentioned alternative seems dependent on both Ps and the ratio between the fundamental frequency and the first formant. On the average, the singers doubled Ps when they increased fundamental frequency by one octave, and a doubling of the excess Ps over threshold caused the sound pressure level (SPL) to increase by 8-9 dB for neutral phonation, less if mode of phonation was changed to pressed. A shift of mode of phonation from flow over neutral to pressed was associated with a reduction of the peak glottal permittance i.e., the ratio between peak transglottal airflow to Ps. Flow phonation had the most favorable relationship between Ps and SPL.
PubMed: 8353616
Affiliations:
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Sundberg</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Speech Communication and Music Acoustics, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Suède</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Speech Communication and Music Acoustics, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Stockholm</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Titze, I" sort="Titze, I" uniqKey="Titze I" first="I" last="Titze">I. Titze</name></author><author><name sortKey="Scherer, R" sort="Scherer, R" uniqKey="Scherer R" first="R" last="Scherer">R. Scherer</name></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Journal of voice : official journal of the Voice Foundation</title><idno type="ISSN">0892-1997</idno><imprint><date when="1993" type="published">1993</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Air Pressure</term><term>Equipment Design</term><term>Glottis (physiology)</term><term>Humans</term><term>Male</term><term>Phonation (physiology)</term><term>Speech Acoustics</term><term>Speech Production Measurement</term><term>Transducers</term><term>Voice (physiology)</term><term>Voice Quality</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="physiology" xml:lang="en"><term>Glottis</term><term>Phonation</term><term>Voice</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>Air Pressure</term><term>Equipment Design</term><term>Humans</term><term>Male</term><term>Speech Acoustics</term><term>Speech Production Measurement</term><term>Transducers</term><term>Voice Quality</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">This article describes experiments carried out in order to gain a deeper understanding of the mechanisms underlying variation of vocal loudness in singers. Ten singers, two of whom are famous professional opera tenor soloists, phonated at different pitches and different loudnesses. Their voice source characteristics were analyzed by inverse filtering the oral airflow signal. It was found that the main physiological variable underlying loudness variation is subglottal pressure (Ps). The voice source property determining most of the loudness variation is the amplitude of the negative peak of the differentiated flow signal, as predicted by previous research. Increases in this amplitude are achieved by (a) increasing the pulse amplitude of the flow waveform; (b) moving the moment of vocal fold contact earlier in time, closer to the center of the pulse; and (c) skewing the pulses. The last mentioned alternative seems dependent on both Ps and the ratio between the fundamental frequency and the first formant. On the average, the singers doubled Ps when they increased fundamental frequency by one octave, and a doubling of the excess Ps over threshold caused the sound pressure level (SPL) to increase by 8-9 dB for neutral phonation, less if mode of phonation was changed to pressed. A shift of mode of phonation from flow over neutral to pressed was associated with a reduction of the peak glottal permittance i.e., the ratio between peak transglottal airflow to Ps. Flow phonation had the most favorable relationship between Ps and SPL.</div></front></TEI><affiliations><list><country><li>Suède</li></country></list><tree><noCountry><name sortKey="Scherer, R" sort="Scherer, R" uniqKey="Scherer R" first="R" last="Scherer">R. Scherer</name><name sortKey="Titze, I" sort="Titze, I" uniqKey="Titze I" first="I" last="Titze">I. Titze</name></noCountry><country name="Suède"><noRegion><name sortKey="Sundberg, J" sort="Sundberg, J" uniqKey="Sundberg J" first="J" last="Sundberg">J. 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