Activity Patterns in Latissimus Dorsi and Sternocleidomastoid in Classical Singers
Identifieur interne : 000840 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 000839; suivant : 000841Activity Patterns in Latissimus Dorsi and Sternocleidomastoid in Classical Singers
Auteurs : Alan H. D. Watson [Royaume-Uni] ; Caitlin Williams [Royaume-Uni] ; Buddug V. James [Royaume-Uni]Source :
- Journal of Voice [ 0892-1997 ] ; 2012.
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate and compare the roles of the accessory respiratory muscles, latissimus dorsi (LD), and sternocleidomastoid, in classical singing.
Electromyography was used to record the activity of these muscles in six classically trained female singers carrying out a number of singing and nonsinging tasks. Movements of the chest and abdominal walls were monitored simultaneously using inductive plethysmography, and the sound of the phonations was recorded.
In normal breathing, LD is active transiently during very deep inhalations and in inhalation against resistance. During exhalation it becomes active again as residual capacity is approached or when air is expelled with great force. Sternocleidomastoid (SCM) supports inhalation when lung volume nears 100% vital capacity or when this is very rapid. All singers engaged LD in supported singing where it was associated with maintaining an expanded thorax. In coloratura singing, pulses of activity of increasing amplitude were often seen in LD toward the end of the breath. These were synchronized with each note. During a short phrase typical of the end of an aria, which was sung at full volume with the projected voice, both LD and SCM were active simultaneously. Spectral analysis of muscle activity demonstrated that in some singers, activity in LD and more rarely SCM, fluctuated in phase with vibrato.
LD appears to play a significant role in maintaining chest expansion and the dynamic processes underlying vibrato and coloratura singing in classically trained singers.
Url:
DOI: 10.1016/j.jvoice.2011.04.008
PubMed: 21724365
PubMed Central: 3355505
Affiliations:
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Watson</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1">School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, UK</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Wales</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Williams, Caitlin" sort="Williams, Caitlin" uniqKey="Williams C" first="Caitlin" last="Williams">Caitlin Williams</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1">School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, UK</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Wales</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="James, Buddug V" sort="James, Buddug V" uniqKey="James B" first="Buddug V." last="James">Buddug V. James</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff2">Department of Vocal and Opera Studies, Royal Welsh College of Music and Drama, Cardiff, Wales, UK</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Vocal and Opera Studies, Royal Welsh College of Music and Drama, Cardiff, Wales</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Wales</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">21724365</idno><idno type="pmc">3355505</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3355505</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:3355505</idno><idno type="doi">10.1016/j.jvoice.2011.04.008</idno><date when="2012">2012</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">000E49</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Curation">000E49</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Checkpoint">000259</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Ncbi/Merge">000884</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Ncbi/Curation">000884</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Ncbi/Checkpoint">000884</idno><idno type="wicri:doubleKey">0892-1997:2012:Watson A:activity:patterns:in</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Merge">000836</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Curation">000840</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Exploration">000840</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Activity Patterns in Latissimus Dorsi and Sternocleidomastoid in Classical Singers</title><author><name sortKey="Watson, Alan H D" sort="Watson, Alan H D" uniqKey="Watson A" first="Alan H. D." last="Watson">Alan H. D. Watson</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1">School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, UK</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Wales</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Williams, Caitlin" sort="Williams, Caitlin" uniqKey="Williams C" first="Caitlin" last="Williams">Caitlin Williams</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1">School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, UK</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Wales</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="James, Buddug V" sort="James, Buddug V" uniqKey="James B" first="Buddug V." last="James">Buddug V. James</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff2">Department of Vocal and Opera Studies, Royal Welsh College of Music and Drama, Cardiff, Wales, UK</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Vocal and Opera Studies, Royal Welsh College of Music and Drama, Cardiff, Wales</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Wales</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Journal of Voice</title><idno type="ISSN">0892-1997</idno><idno type="e-ISSN">1873-4588</idno><imprint><date when="2012">2012</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><title>Summary</title><sec><title>Objectives</title><p>The aim of this study was to investigate and compare the roles of the accessory respiratory muscles, latissimus dorsi (LD), and sternocleidomastoid, in classical singing.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>Electromyography was used to record the activity of these muscles in six classically trained female singers carrying out a number of singing and nonsinging tasks. Movements of the chest and abdominal walls were monitored simultaneously using inductive plethysmography, and the sound of the phonations was recorded.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>In normal breathing, LD is active transiently during very deep inhalations and in inhalation against resistance. During exhalation it becomes active again as residual capacity is approached or when air is expelled with great force. Sternocleidomastoid (SCM) supports inhalation when lung volume nears 100% vital capacity or when this is very rapid. All singers engaged LD in supported singing where it was associated with maintaining an expanded thorax. In coloratura singing, pulses of activity of increasing amplitude were often seen in LD toward the end of the breath. These were synchronized with each note. During a short phrase typical of the end of an aria, which was sung at full volume with the projected voice, both LD and SCM were active simultaneously. Spectral analysis of muscle activity demonstrated that in some singers, activity in LD and more rarely SCM, fluctuated in phase with vibrato.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>LD appears to play a significant role in maintaining chest expansion and the dynamic processes underlying vibrato and coloratura singing in classically trained singers.</p></sec></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Pettersen, V" uniqKey="Pettersen V">V. Pettersen</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Leanderson, R" uniqKey="Leanderson R">R. Leanderson</name></author><author><name sortKey="Sundberg, J" uniqKey="Sundberg J">J. Sundberg</name></author><author><name sortKey="Von Euler, C" uniqKey="Von Euler C">C. von Euler</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Miller, R" uniqKey="Miller R">R. 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Davis</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Hoit, J D" uniqKey="Hoit J">J.D. Hoit</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hixon, T J" uniqKey="Hixon T">T.J. Hixon</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Manifold, J A" uniqKey="Manifold J">J.A. Manifold</name></author><author><name sortKey="Murdoch, B E" uniqKey="Murdoch B">B.E. Murdoch</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Hoit, J U" uniqKey="Hoit J">J.U. Hoit</name></author></analytic></biblStruct></listBibl></div1></back></TEI><affiliations><list><country><li>Royaume-Uni</li></country></list><tree><country name="Royaume-Uni"><noRegion><name sortKey="Watson, Alan H D" sort="Watson, Alan H D" uniqKey="Watson A" first="Alan H. D." last="Watson">Alan H. D. Watson</name></noRegion><name sortKey="James, Buddug V" sort="James, Buddug V" uniqKey="James B" first="Buddug V." last="James">Buddug V. 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