Neural evidence that utterance-processing entails mentalizing: the case of irony.
Identifieur interne : 000781 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 000780; suivant : 000782Neural evidence that utterance-processing entails mentalizing: the case of irony.
Auteurs : Nicola Spotorno [France] ; Eric Koun ; Jérôme Prado ; Jean-Baptiste Van Der Henst ; Ira A. NoveckSource :
- NeuroImage ; 2012.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- MESH :
- methods : Brain Mapping.
- physiology : Auditory Perception, Brain, Comprehension, Nerve Net, Theory of Mind.
- Adult, Female, Humans, Language, Male.
Abstract
It is now well established that communicators interpret others' mental states through what has been called "Theory of Mind" (ToM). From a linguistic-pragmatics perspective, this mentalizing ability is considered critical because it is assumed that the linguistic code in all utterances underdetermines the speaker's meaning, leaving a vital role for ToM to fill the gap. From a neuroscience perspective, understanding others' intentions has been shown to activate a neural ToM network that includes the right and left temporal parietal junction (rTPJ, lTPJ), the medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC) and the precuneus (PC). Surprisingly, however, there are no studies - to our knowledge - that aim to uncover a direct, on-line link between language processing and ToM through neuroimaging. This is why we focus on verbal irony, an obviously pragmatic phenomenon that compels a listener to detect the speaker's (dissociated, mocking) attitude (Wilson, 2009). In the present fMRI investigation, we compare participants' comprehension of 18 target sentences as contexts make them either ironic or literal. Consider an opera singer who tells her interlocutor: "Tonight we gave a superb performance!" when the performance in question was clearly awful (making the statement ironic) or very good (making the statement literal). We demonstrate that the ToM network becomes active while a participant is understanding verbal irony. Moreover, we demonstrate - through Psychophysiological Interactions (PPI) analyses - that ToM activity is directly linked with language comprehension processes. The paradigm, its predictions, and the reported results contrast dramatically with those from seven prior fMRI studies on irony.
DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.06.046
PubMed: 22766167
Affiliations:
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Noveck</name></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PubMed</idno><date when="2012">2012</date><idno type="doi">10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.06.046</idno><idno type="RBID">pubmed:22766167</idno><idno type="pmid">22766167</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PubMed/Corpus">000261</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PubMed/Curation">000261</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PubMed/Checkpoint">000257</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Ncbi/Merge">000A03</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Ncbi/Curation">000A03</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Ncbi/Checkpoint">000A03</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Merge">000776</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Curation">000781</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Exploration">000781</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en">Neural evidence that utterance-processing entails mentalizing: the case of irony.</title><author><name sortKey="Spotorno, Nicola" sort="Spotorno, Nicola" uniqKey="Spotorno N" first="Nicola" last="Spotorno">Nicola Spotorno</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Laboratory L2C2, CNRS Université Lyon 1 FRE3406, 69675 Bron CEDEX, France. nicola.spotorno@isc.cnrs.fr</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Laboratory L2C2, CNRS Université Lyon 1 FRE3406, 69675 Bron CEDEX</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region" nuts="2">Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes</region><region type="old region" nuts="2">Rhône-Alpes</region><settlement type="city">Bron</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Koun, Eric" sort="Koun, Eric" uniqKey="Koun E" first="Eric" last="Koun">Eric Koun</name></author><author><name sortKey="Prado, Jerome" sort="Prado, Jerome" uniqKey="Prado J" first="Jérôme" last="Prado">Jérôme Prado</name></author><author><name sortKey="Van Der Henst, Jean Baptiste" sort="Van Der Henst, Jean Baptiste" uniqKey="Van Der Henst J" first="Jean-Baptiste" last="Van Der Henst">Jean-Baptiste Van Der Henst</name></author><author><name sortKey="Noveck, Ira A" sort="Noveck, Ira A" uniqKey="Noveck I" first="Ira A" last="Noveck">Ira A. Noveck</name></author></analytic><series><title level="j">NeuroImage</title><idno type="e-ISSN">1095-9572</idno><imprint><date when="2012" type="published">2012</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Adult</term><term>Auditory Perception (physiology)</term><term>Brain (physiology)</term><term>Brain Mapping (methods)</term><term>Comprehension (physiology)</term><term>Female</term><term>Humans</term><term>Language</term><term>Male</term><term>Nerve Net (physiology)</term><term>Theory of Mind (physiology)</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="methods" xml:lang="en"><term>Brain Mapping</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="physiology" xml:lang="en"><term>Auditory Perception</term><term>Brain</term><term>Comprehension</term><term>Nerve Net</term><term>Theory of Mind</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>Adult</term><term>Female</term><term>Humans</term><term>Language</term><term>Male</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">It is now well established that communicators interpret others' mental states through what has been called "Theory of Mind" (ToM). From a linguistic-pragmatics perspective, this mentalizing ability is considered critical because it is assumed that the linguistic code in all utterances underdetermines the speaker's meaning, leaving a vital role for ToM to fill the gap. From a neuroscience perspective, understanding others' intentions has been shown to activate a neural ToM network that includes the right and left temporal parietal junction (rTPJ, lTPJ), the medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC) and the precuneus (PC). Surprisingly, however, there are no studies - to our knowledge - that aim to uncover a direct, on-line link between language processing and ToM through neuroimaging. This is why we focus on verbal irony, an obviously pragmatic phenomenon that compels a listener to detect the speaker's (dissociated, mocking) attitude (Wilson, 2009). In the present fMRI investigation, we compare participants' comprehension of 18 target sentences as contexts make them either ironic or literal. Consider an opera singer who tells her interlocutor: "Tonight we gave a superb performance!" when the performance in question was clearly awful (making the statement ironic) or very good (making the statement literal). We demonstrate that the ToM network becomes active while a participant is understanding verbal irony. Moreover, we demonstrate - through Psychophysiological Interactions (PPI) analyses - that ToM activity is directly linked with language comprehension processes. The paradigm, its predictions, and the reported results contrast dramatically with those from seven prior fMRI studies on irony.</div></front></TEI><affiliations><list><country><li>France</li></country><region><li>Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes</li><li>Rhône-Alpes</li></region><settlement><li>Bron</li></settlement></list><tree><noCountry><name sortKey="Koun, Eric" sort="Koun, Eric" uniqKey="Koun E" first="Eric" last="Koun">Eric Koun</name><name sortKey="Noveck, Ira A" sort="Noveck, Ira A" uniqKey="Noveck I" first="Ira A" last="Noveck">Ira A. Noveck</name><name sortKey="Prado, Jerome" sort="Prado, Jerome" uniqKey="Prado J" first="Jérôme" last="Prado">Jérôme Prado</name><name sortKey="Van Der Henst, Jean Baptiste" sort="Van Der Henst, Jean Baptiste" uniqKey="Van Der Henst J" first="Jean-Baptiste" last="Van Der Henst">Jean-Baptiste Van Der Henst</name></noCountry><country name="France"><region name="Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes"><name sortKey="Spotorno, Nicola" sort="Spotorno, Nicola" uniqKey="Spotorno N" first="Nicola" last="Spotorno">Nicola Spotorno</name></region></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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