Optimal use of solar collectors for residential buildings
Identifieur interne : 000483 ( Istex/Corpus ); précédent : 000482; suivant : 000484Optimal use of solar collectors for residential buildings
Auteurs : Stig Nge GustafssonSource :
- International Journal of Energy Research [ 0363-907X ] ; 2001-09.
English descriptors
Abstract
Solar radiation is an abundant free resource which may be used in the form of solar heated water. This is achieved in solar collectors which, unfortunately, are expensive devices and, further, the warm water must be stored in accumulators—items which also cost money. This paper shows how we have optimized the situation for a block‐of‐flats in Sweden. In order to find this point we have used the minimum life‐cycle cost (LCC) concept as a criterion. The best solution is therefore found when that cost finds its lowest value. It is also examined under which conditions solar collectors are part of the optimal solution and further it is calculated what happens if this optimal point is abandoned, i.e. how much will the LCC increase if other than optimal solutions are chosen. LCC optimization for multi‐family buildings almost always results in a heating system with low operating costs such as district heating or dual‐fuel systems where a heat pump takes care of the base load and an oil boiler the peak. The installation cost must, however, be kept to a reasonable level. Expensive solar panel systems are therefore normally avoided if the lowest LCC shall be reached, at least for Swedish conditions. This is so even if the solar system has a very low operating cost. For buildings where the only alternative energy source is electricity, solar collectors seem to be on the rim of profitability, i.e. for an energy price of about 0.6 SEK kWh−1. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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DOI: 10.1002/er.736
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Energy Res.</title><idno type="ISSN">0363-907X</idno><idno type="eISSN">1099-114X</idno><imprint><publisher>John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.</publisher><pubPlace>Chichester, UK</pubPlace><date type="published" when="2001-09">2001-09</date><biblScope unit="volume">25</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">11</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="993">993</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="1004">1004</biblScope></imprint><idno type="ISSN">0363-907X</idno></series><idno type="istex">F8CE4F0F910797D620B840554D889FE51CA702EA</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1002/er.736</idno><idno type="ArticleID">ER736</idno></biblStruct></sourceDesc><seriesStmt><idno type="ISSN">0363-907X</idno></seriesStmt></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>accumulators</term><term>domestic hot water heating</term><term>optimization</term><term>solar collectors</term><term>space heating</term></keywords></textClass><langUsage><language ident="en">en</language></langUsage></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Solar radiation is an abundant free resource which may be used in the form of solar heated water. This is achieved in solar collectors which, unfortunately, are expensive devices and, further, the warm water must be stored in accumulators—items which also cost money. This paper shows how we have optimized the situation for a block‐of‐flats in Sweden. In order to find this point we have used the minimum life‐cycle cost (LCC) concept as a criterion. The best solution is therefore found when that cost finds its lowest value. It is also examined under which conditions solar collectors are part of the optimal solution and further it is calculated what happens if this optimal point is abandoned, i.e. how much will the LCC increase if other than optimal solutions are chosen. LCC optimization for multi‐family buildings almost always results in a heating system with low operating costs such as district heating or dual‐fuel systems where a heat pump takes care of the base load and an oil boiler the peak. The installation cost must, however, be kept to a reasonable level. Expensive solar panel systems are therefore normally avoided if the lowest LCC shall be reached, at least for Swedish conditions. This is so even if the solar system has a very low operating cost. For buildings where the only alternative energy source is electricity, solar collectors seem to be on the rim of profitability, i.e. for an energy price of about 0.6 SEK kWh−1. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.</div></front></TEI><istex><corpusName>wiley</corpusName><author><json:item><name>Stig‐Inge Gustafsson</name><affiliations><json:string>IKP/Energy Systems, Institute of Technology, Linköping SE 58183, Sweden</json:string></affiliations></json:item></author><subject><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>solar collectors</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>optimization</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>space heating</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>domestic hot water heating</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>accumulators</value></json:item></subject><articleId><json:string>ER736</json:string></articleId><language><json:string>eng</json:string></language><abstract>Solar radiation is an abundant free resource which may be used in the form of solar heated water. 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Expensive solar panel systems are therefore normally avoided if the lowest LCC shall be reached, at least for Swedish conditions. This is so even if the solar system has a very low operating cost. For buildings where the only alternative energy source is electricity, solar collectors seem to be on the rim of profitability, i.e. for an energy price of about 0.6 SEK kWh−1. 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This is achieved in solar collectors which, unfortunately, are expensive devices and, further, the warm water must be stored in accumulators—items which also cost money. This paper shows how we have optimized the situation for a block‐of‐flats in Sweden. In order to find this point we have used the minimum life‐cycle cost (LCC) concept as a criterion. The best solution is therefore found when that cost finds its lowest value. It is also examined under which conditions solar collectors are part of the optimal solution and further it is calculated what happens if this optimal point is abandoned, i.e. how much will the LCC increase if other than optimal solutions are chosen. LCC optimization for multi‐family buildings almost always results in a heating system with low operating costs such as district heating or dual‐fuel systems where a heat pump takes care of the base load and an oil boiler the peak. The installation cost must, however, be kept to a reasonable level. Expensive solar panel systems are therefore normally avoided if the lowest LCC shall be reached, at least for Swedish conditions. This is so even if the solar system has a very low operating cost. For buildings where the only alternative energy source is electricity, solar collectors seem to be on the rim of profitability, i.e. for an energy price of about 0.6 SEK kWh−1. 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This is achieved in solar collectors which, unfortunately, are expensive devices and, further, the warm water must be stored in accumulators—items which also cost money. This paper shows how we have optimized the situation for a block‐of‐flats in Sweden. In order to find this point we have used the minimum life‐cycle cost (LCC) concept as a criterion. The best solution is therefore found when that cost finds its lowest value. It is also examined under which conditions solar collectors are part of the optimal solution and further it is calculated what happens if this optimal point is abandoned, i.e. how much will the LCC increase if other than optimal solutions are chosen. LCC optimization for multi‐family buildings almost always results in a heating system with low operating costs such as district heating or dual‐fuel systems where a heat pump takes care of the base load and an oil boiler the peak. The installation cost must, however, be kept to a reasonable level. Expensive solar panel systems are therefore normally avoided if the lowest LCC shall be reached, at least for Swedish conditions. This is so even if the solar system has a very low operating cost. For buildings where the only alternative energy source is electricity, solar collectors seem to be on the rim of profitability, i.e. for an energy price of about 0.6 SEK kWh<sup>−1</sup>. 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This is achieved in solar collectors which, unfortunately, are expensive devices and, further, the warm water must be stored in accumulators—items which also cost money. This paper shows how we have optimized the situation for a block‐of‐flats in Sweden. In order to find this point we have used the minimum life‐cycle cost (LCC) concept as a criterion. The best solution is therefore found when that cost finds its lowest value. It is also examined under which conditions solar collectors are part of the optimal solution and further it is calculated what happens if this optimal point is abandoned, i.e. how much will the LCC increase if other than optimal solutions are chosen. LCC optimization for multi‐family buildings almost always results in a heating system with low operating costs such as district heating or dual‐fuel systems where a heat pump takes care of the base load and an oil boiler the peak. The installation cost must, however, be kept to a reasonable level. Expensive solar panel systems are therefore normally avoided if the lowest LCC shall be reached, at least for Swedish conditions. This is so even if the solar system has a very low operating cost. For buildings where the only alternative energy source is electricity, solar collectors seem to be on the rim of profitability, i.e. for an energy price of about 0.6 SEK kWh−1. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.</abstract><subject lang="en"><genre>Keywords</genre><topic>solar collectors</topic><topic>optimization</topic><topic>space heating</topic><topic>domestic hot water heating</topic><topic>accumulators</topic></subject><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>International Journal of Energy Research</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="abbreviated"><title>Int. J. 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