First events from the CNGS neutrino beam detected in the OPERA experiment
Identifieur interne : 000235 ( Istex/Corpus ); précédent : 000234; suivant : 000236First events from the CNGS neutrino beam detected in the OPERA experiment
Auteurs : R. Acquafredda ; N. Agafonova ; M. Ambrosio ; A. Anokhina ; S. Aoki ; A. Ariga ; L. Arrabito ; D. Autiero ; A. Badertscher ; E. Baussan ; A. Bergnoli ; F. Bersani Greggio ; M. Besnier ; M. Beyer ; S. Bondil-Blin ; K. Borer ; J. Boucrot ; V. Boyarkin ; C. Bozza ; R. Brugnera ; S. Buontempo ; Y. Caffari ; J E Campagne ; B. Carlus ; E. Carrara ; A. Cazes ; L. Chaussard ; M. Chernyavsky ; V. Chiarella ; N. Chon-Sen ; A. Chukanov ; R. Ciesielski ; L. Consiglio ; M. Cozzi ; F. Dal Corso ; N. D'Ambrosio ; J. Damet ; G. De Lellis ; Y. Dclais ; T. Descombes ; M. De Serio ; F. Di Capua ; D. Di Ferdinando ; A. Di Giovanni ; N. Di Marco ; C. Di Troia ; S. Dmitrievski ; M. Dracos ; D. Duchesneau ; B. Dulach ; S. Dusini ; J. Ebert ; R. Enikeev ; A. Ereditato ; L S Esposito ; C. Fanin ; J. Favier ; G. Felici ; T. Ferber ; L. Fournier ; A. Franceschi ; D. Frekers ; T. Fukuda ; C. Fukushima ; V I Galkin ; V A Galkin ; R. Gallet ; A. Garfagnini ; G. Gaudiot ; G. Giacomelli ; O. Giarmana ; M. Giorgini ; L. Girard ; C. Girerd ; C. Goellnitz ; J. Goldberg ; Y. Gornoushkin ; G. Grella ; F. Grianti ; C. Guerin ; M. Guler ; C. Gustavino ; C. Hagner ; T. Hamane ; T. Hara ; M. Hauger ; M. Hess ; K. Hoshino ; M. Ieva ; M. Incurvati ; K. Jakovcic ; J. Janicsko Csathy ; B. Janutta ; C. Jollet ; F. Juget ; M. Kazuyama ; S H Kim ; M. Kimura ; J. Knuesel ; K. Kodama ; D. Kolev ; M. Komatsu ; U. Kose ; A. Krasnoperov ; I. Kreslo ; Z. Krumstein ; I. Laktineh ; C. De La Taille ; T. Le Flour ; S. Lieunard ; A. Ljubicic ; A. Longhin ; A. Malgin ; K. Manai ; G. Mandrioli ; U. Mantello ; A. Marotta ; J. Marteau ; G. Martin-Chassard ; V. Matveev ; M. Messina ; L. Meyer ; S. Micanovic ; P. Migliozzi ; S. Miyamoto ; P. Monacelli ; I. Monteiro ; K. Morishima ; U. Moser ; M T Muciaccia ; P. Mugnier ; N. Naganawa ; M. Nakamura ; T. Nakano ; T. Napolitano ; M. Natsume ; K. Niwa ; Y. Nonoyama ; A. Nozdrin ; S. Ogawa ; A. Olchevski ; D. Orlandi ; D. Ossetski ; A. Paoloni ; B D Park ; I G Park ; A. Pastore ; L. Patrizii ; L. Pellegrino ; H. Pessard ; V. Pilipenko ; C. Pistillo ; N. Polukhina ; M. Pozzato ; K. Pretzl ; P. Publichenko ; L. Raux ; J P Repellin ; T. Roganova ; G. Romano ; G. Rosa ; A. Rubbia ; V. Ryasny ; O. Ryazhskaya ; D. Ryzhikov ; A. Sadovski ; C. Sanelli ; O. Sato ; Y. Sato ; V. Saveliev ; N. Savvinov ; G. Sazhina ; A. Schembri ; W. Schmidt Parzefall ; H. Schroeder ; H U Schtz ; L. Scotto Lavina ; J. Sewing ; H. Shibuya ; S. Simone ; M. Sioli ; C. Sirignano ; G. Sirri ; J S Song ; R. Spaeti ; M. Spinetti ; L. Stanco ; N. Starkov ; M. Stipcevic ; P. Strolin ; V. Sugonyaev ; S. Takahashi ; V. Tereschenko ; F. Terranova ; I. Tezuka ; V. Tioukov ; I. Tikhomirov ; P. Tolun ; T. Toshito ; V. Tsarev ; R. Tsenov ; U. Ugolino ; N. Ushida ; G. Van Beek ; V. Verguilov ; P. Vilain ; L. Votano ; J L Vuilleumier ; T. Waelchli ; R. Waldi ; M. Weber ; G. Wilquet ; B. Wonsak ; R. Wurth ; J. Wurtz ; V. Yakushev ; C S Yoon ; Y. Zaitsev ; I. Zamboni ; R. ZimmermannSource :
- New Journal of Physics [ 1367-2630 ] ; 2006.
Abstract
The OPERA neutrino detector at the underground Gran Sasso Laboratory (LNGS) was designed to perform the first detection of neutrino oscillations in appearance mode, through the study of oscillations. The apparatus consists of a lead/emulsion-film target complemented by electronic detectors. It is placed in the high-energy, long-baseline CERN to LNGS beam (CNGS) 730km away from the neutrino source. In August 2006, a first run with CNGS neutrinos was successfully conducted. A first sample of neutrino events was collected, statistically consistent with the integrated beam intensity. After a brief description of the beam and of the various sub-detectors, we report on the achievement of this milestone, presenting the first data and some analysis results.
Url:
DOI: 10.1088/1367-2630/8/12/303
Links to Exploration step
ISTEX:F9F549C1ADBC5F41E17FA17EEEFC56B6154E218FLe document en format XML
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Ambrosio</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Universit Federico II di Napoli and INFN, 80125 Napoli, Italy</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Anokhina, A" sort="Anokhina, A" uniqKey="Anokhina A" first="A" last="Anokhina">A. Anokhina</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>SINP MSU-Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics of Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Aoki, S" sort="Aoki, S" uniqKey="Aoki S" first="S" last="Aoki">S. Aoki</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Kobe University, 657 Kobe, Japan</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ariga, A" sort="Ariga, A" uniqKey="Ariga A" first="A" last="Ariga">A. Ariga</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Nagoya University, 464-01 Nagoya, Japan</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Arrabito, L" sort="Arrabito, L" uniqKey="Arrabito L" first="L" last="Arrabito">L. Arrabito</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>IPNL, Universit Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS/IN2P3, 69622 Villeurbanne, France</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Autiero, D" sort="Autiero, D" uniqKey="Autiero D" first="D" last="Autiero">D. Autiero</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>IPNL, Universit Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS/IN2P3, 69622 Villeurbanne, France</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Badertscher, A" sort="Badertscher, A" uniqKey="Badertscher A" first="A" last="Badertscher">A. Badertscher</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>ETH-Eidgenssische Technische Hochschulen Zrich, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Baussan, E" sort="Baussan, E" uniqKey="Baussan E" first="E" last="Baussan">E. Baussan</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Universit de Neuchtel, CH 2000 Neuchtel, Switzerland</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bergnoli, A" sort="Bergnoli, A" uniqKey="Bergnoli A" first="A" last="Bergnoli">A. Bergnoli</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Universit di Padova and INFN, 35131 Padova, Italy</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bersani Greggio, F" sort="Bersani Greggio, F" uniqKey="Bersani Greggio F" first="F" last="Bersani Greggio">F. Bersani Greggio</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati dell'INFN, 00044 Frascati (Roma), Italy</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Besnier, M" sort="Besnier, M" uniqKey="Besnier M" first="M" last="Besnier">M. 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Caffari</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>IPNL, Universit Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS/IN2P3, 69622 Villeurbanne, France</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Campagne, J E" sort="Campagne, J E" uniqKey="Campagne J" first="J E" last="Campagne">J E Campagne</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>LAL, Universit Paris-Sud 11, CNRS/IN2P3, 91898 Orsay, France</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Carlus, B" sort="Carlus, B" uniqKey="Carlus B" first="B" last="Carlus">B. Carlus</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>IPNL, Universit Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS/IN2P3, 69622 Villeurbanne, France</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Carrara, E" sort="Carrara, E" uniqKey="Carrara E" first="E" last="Carrara">E. Carrara</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Universit di Padova and INFN, 35131 Padova, Italy</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cazes, A" sort="Cazes, A" uniqKey="Cazes A" first="A" last="Cazes">A. Cazes</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati dell'INFN, 00044 Frascati (Roma), Italy</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chaussard, L" sort="Chaussard, L" uniqKey="Chaussard L" first="L" last="Chaussard">L. Chaussard</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>IPNL, Universit Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS/IN2P3, 69622 Villeurbanne, France</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chernyavsky, M" sort="Chernyavsky, M" uniqKey="Chernyavsky M" first="M" last="Chernyavsky">M. Chernyavsky</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>LPI-Lebedev Physical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 117924 Moscow, Russia</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chiarella, V" sort="Chiarella, V" uniqKey="Chiarella V" first="V" last="Chiarella">V. Chiarella</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati dell'INFN, 00044 Frascati (Roma), Italy</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chon Sen, N" sort="Chon Sen, N" uniqKey="Chon Sen N" first="N" last="Chon-Sen">N. Chon-Sen</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>IPHC, Universit Louis Pasteur, CNRS/IN2P3, 67037 Strasbourg, France</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chukanov, A" sort="Chukanov, A" uniqKey="Chukanov A" first="A" last="Chukanov">A. Chukanov</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>JINR-Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, 141980 Dubna, Russia</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ciesielski, R" sort="Ciesielski, R" uniqKey="Ciesielski R" first="R" last="Ciesielski">R. Ciesielski</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Universit di Padova and INFN, 35131 Padova, Italy</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Consiglio, L" sort="Consiglio, L" uniqKey="Consiglio L" first="L" last="Consiglio">L. Consiglio</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Universit di Bologna and INFN, 40127 Bologna, Italy</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cozzi, M" sort="Cozzi, M" uniqKey="Cozzi M" first="M" last="Cozzi">M. Cozzi</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Universit di Bologna and INFN, 40127 Bologna, Italy</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dal Corso, F" sort="Dal Corso, F" uniqKey="Dal Corso F" first="F" last="Dal Corso">F. Dal Corso</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Universit di Padova and INFN, 35131 Padova, Italy</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="D Ambrosio, N" sort="D Ambrosio, N" uniqKey="D Ambrosio N" first="N" last="D'Ambrosio">N. D'Ambrosio</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso dell'INFN, 67010 Assergi (L'Aquila), Italy</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Damet, J" sort="Damet, J" uniqKey="Damet J" first="J" last="Damet">J. Damet</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>LAPP, Universit de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, 74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="De Lellis, G" sort="De Lellis, G" uniqKey="De Lellis G" first="G" last="De Lellis">G. De Lellis</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Universit Federico II di Napoli and INFN, 80125 Napoli, Italy</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dclais, Y" sort="Dclais, Y" uniqKey="Dclais Y" first="Y" last="Dclais">Y. Dclais</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>IPNL, Universit Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS/IN2P3, 69622 Villeurbanne, France</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Descombes, T" sort="Descombes, T" uniqKey="Descombes T" first="T" last="Descombes">T. Descombes</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>IPNL, Universit Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS/IN2P3, 69622 Villeurbanne, France</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="De Serio, M" sort="De Serio, M" uniqKey="De Serio M" first="M" last="De Serio">M. De Serio</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Universit di Bari and INFN, 70126 Bari, Italy</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Di Capua, F" sort="Di Capua, F" uniqKey="Di Capua F" first="F" last="Di Capua">F. Di Capua</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Universit Federico II di Napoli and INFN, 80125 Napoli, Italy</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Di Ferdinando, D" sort="Di Ferdinando, D" uniqKey="Di Ferdinando D" first="D" last="Di Ferdinando">D. Di Ferdinando</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Universit di Bologna and INFN, 40127 Bologna, Italy</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Di Giovanni, A" sort="Di Giovanni, A" uniqKey="Di Giovanni A" first="A" last="Di Giovanni">A. Di Giovanni</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Universit dell'Aquila and INFN, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Di Marco, N" sort="Di Marco, N" uniqKey="Di Marco N" first="N" last="Di Marco">N. Di Marco</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Universit dell'Aquila and INFN, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Di Troia, C" sort="Di Troia, C" uniqKey="Di Troia C" first="C" last="Di Troia">C. 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Duchesneau</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>LAPP, Universit de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, 74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dulach, B" sort="Dulach, B" uniqKey="Dulach B" first="B" last="Dulach">B. Dulach</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati dell'INFN, 00044 Frascati (Roma), Italy</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dusini, S" sort="Dusini, S" uniqKey="Dusini S" first="S" last="Dusini">S. Dusini</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Universit di Padova and INFN, 35131 Padova, Italy</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ebert, J" sort="Ebert, J" uniqKey="Ebert J" first="J" last="Ebert">J. Ebert</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Hamburg University, 22043 Hamburg, Germany</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Enikeev, R" sort="Enikeev, R" uniqKey="Enikeev R" first="R" last="Enikeev">R. Enikeev</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>INR-Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 117312 Moscow, Russia</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ereditato, A" sort="Ereditato, A" uniqKey="Ereditato A" first="A" last="Ereditato">A. Ereditato</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>University of Bern, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>E-mail:antonio.ereditato@cern.ch</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Esposito, L S" sort="Esposito, L S" uniqKey="Esposito L" first="L S" last="Esposito">L S Esposito</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso dell'INFN, 67010 Assergi (L'Aquila), Italy</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fanin, C" sort="Fanin, C" uniqKey="Fanin C" first="C" last="Fanin">C. Fanin</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Universit di Padova and INFN, 35131 Padova, Italy</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Favier, J" sort="Favier, J" uniqKey="Favier J" first="J" last="Favier">J. Favier</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>LAPP, Universit de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, 74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Felici, G" sort="Felici, G" uniqKey="Felici G" first="G" last="Felici">G. Felici</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati dell'INFN, 00044 Frascati (Roma), Italy</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ferber, T" sort="Ferber, T" uniqKey="Ferber T" first="T" last="Ferber">T. Ferber</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Hamburg University, 22043 Hamburg, Germany</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fournier, L" sort="Fournier, L" uniqKey="Fournier L" first="L" last="Fournier">L. 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Fukushima</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Toho University, 274-8510 Funabashi, Japan</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Galkin, V I" sort="Galkin, V I" uniqKey="Galkin V" first="V I" last="Galkin">V I Galkin</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>SINP MSU-Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics of Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Galkin, V A" sort="Galkin, V A" uniqKey="Galkin V" first="V A" last="Galkin">V A Galkin</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Obninsk State University, Institute of Nuclear Power Engineering, 249020 Obninsk, Russia</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gallet, R" sort="Gallet, R" uniqKey="Gallet R" first="R" last="Gallet">R. Gallet</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>LAPP, Universit de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, 74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Garfagnini, A" sort="Garfagnini, A" uniqKey="Garfagnini A" first="A" last="Garfagnini">A. Garfagnini</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Universit di Padova and INFN, 35131 Padova, Italy</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gaudiot, G" sort="Gaudiot, G" uniqKey="Gaudiot G" first="G" last="Gaudiot">G. Gaudiot</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>IPHC, Universit Louis Pasteur, CNRS/IN2P3, 67037 Strasbourg, France</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Giacomelli, G" sort="Giacomelli, G" uniqKey="Giacomelli G" first="G" last="Giacomelli">G. Giacomelli</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Universit di Bologna and INFN, 40127 Bologna, Italy</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Giarmana, O" sort="Giarmana, O" uniqKey="Giarmana O" first="O" last="Giarmana">O. Giarmana</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>IPNL, Universit Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS/IN2P3, 69622 Villeurbanne, France</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Giorgini, M" sort="Giorgini, M" uniqKey="Giorgini M" first="M" last="Giorgini">M. Giorgini</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Universit di Bologna and INFN, 40127 Bologna, Italy</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Girard, L" sort="Girard, L" uniqKey="Girard L" first="L" last="Girard">L. Girard</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>IPNL, Universit Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS/IN2P3, 69622 Villeurbanne, France</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Girerd, C" sort="Girerd, C" uniqKey="Girerd C" first="C" last="Girerd">C. Girerd</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>IPNL, Universit Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS/IN2P3, 69622 Villeurbanne, France</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Goellnitz, C" sort="Goellnitz, C" uniqKey="Goellnitz C" first="C" last="Goellnitz">C. Goellnitz</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Hamburg University, 22043 Hamburg, Germany</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Goldberg, J" sort="Goldberg, J" uniqKey="Goldberg J" first="J" last="Goldberg">J. Goldberg</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Physics, Technion, 32000 Haifa, Israel</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gornoushkin, Y" sort="Gornoushkin, Y" uniqKey="Gornoushkin Y" first="Y" last="Gornoushkin">Y. Gornoushkin</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>JINR-Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, 141980 Dubna, Russia</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Grella, G" sort="Grella, G" uniqKey="Grella G" first="G" last="Grella">G. Grella</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Universit di Salerno and INFN, 84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Grianti, F" sort="Grianti, F" uniqKey="Grianti F" first="F" last="Grianti">F. Grianti</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati dell'INFN, 00044 Frascati (Roma), Italy</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Guerin, C" sort="Guerin, C" uniqKey="Guerin C" first="C" last="Guerin">C. Guerin</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>IPNL, Universit Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS/IN2P3, 69622 Villeurbanne, France</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Guler, M" sort="Guler, M" uniqKey="Guler M" first="M" last="Guler">M. Guler</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>METU-Middle East Technical University, TR-06531 Ankara, Turkey</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gustavino, C" sort="Gustavino, C" uniqKey="Gustavino C" first="C" last="Gustavino">C. Gustavino</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso dell'INFN, 67010 Assergi (L'Aquila), Italy</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hagner, C" sort="Hagner, C" uniqKey="Hagner C" first="C" last="Hagner">C. Hagner</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Hamburg University, 22043 Hamburg, Germany</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hamane, T" sort="Hamane, T" uniqKey="Hamane T" first="T" last="Hamane">T. Hamane</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>LAPP, Universit de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, 74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hara, T" sort="Hara, T" uniqKey="Hara T" first="T" last="Hara">T. Hara</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Kobe University, 657 Kobe, Japan</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hauger, M" sort="Hauger, M" uniqKey="Hauger M" first="M" last="Hauger">M. Hauger</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Universit de Neuchtel, CH 2000 Neuchtel, Switzerland</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hess, M" sort="Hess, M" uniqKey="Hess M" first="M" last="Hess">M. Hess</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>University of Bern, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hoshino, K" sort="Hoshino, K" uniqKey="Hoshino K" first="K" last="Hoshino">K. Hoshino</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Nagoya University, 464-01 Nagoya, Japan</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ieva, M" sort="Ieva, M" uniqKey="Ieva M" first="M" last="Ieva">M. Ieva</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Universit di Bari and INFN, 70126 Bari, Italy</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Incurvati, M" sort="Incurvati, M" uniqKey="Incurvati M" first="M" last="Incurvati">M. Incurvati</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati dell'INFN, 00044 Frascati (Roma), Italy</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jakovcic, K" sort="Jakovcic, K" uniqKey="Jakovcic K" first="K" last="Jakovcic">K. Jakovcic</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>IRB-Rudjer Boskovic Institute, 10002 Zagreb, Croatia</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Janicsko Csathy, J" sort="Janicsko Csathy, J" uniqKey="Janicsko Csathy J" first="J" last="Janicsko Csathy">J. Janicsko Csathy</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Universit de Neuchtel, CH 2000 Neuchtel, Switzerland</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Janutta, B" sort="Janutta, B" uniqKey="Janutta B" first="B" last="Janutta">B. Janutta</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Hamburg University, 22043 Hamburg, Germany</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jollet, C" sort="Jollet, C" uniqKey="Jollet C" first="C" last="Jollet">C. Jollet</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>IPHC, Universit Louis Pasteur, CNRS/IN2P3, 67037 Strasbourg, France</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Juget, F" sort="Juget, F" uniqKey="Juget F" first="F" last="Juget">F. Juget</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Universit de Neuchtel, CH 2000 Neuchtel, Switzerland</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kazuyama, M" sort="Kazuyama, M" uniqKey="Kazuyama M" first="M" last="Kazuyama">M. Kazuyama</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Nagoya University, 464-01 Nagoya, Japan</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kim, S H" sort="Kim, S H" uniqKey="Kim S" first="S H" last="Kim">S H Kim</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Gyeongsang National University, 900 Gazwa-dong, Jinju 660-300, Korea</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kimura, M" sort="Kimura, M" uniqKey="Kimura M" first="M" last="Kimura">M. Kimura</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Toho University, 274-8510 Funabashi, Japan</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Knuesel, J" sort="Knuesel, J" uniqKey="Knuesel J" first="J" last="Knuesel">J. Knuesel</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>University of Bern, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kodama, K" sort="Kodama, K" uniqKey="Kodama K" first="K" last="Kodama">K. Kodama</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Aichi University of Education, 448 Kariya (Aichi-Ken), Japan</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kolev, D" sort="Kolev, D" uniqKey="Kolev D" first="D" last="Kolev">D. Kolev</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Faculty of Physics, Sofia University St. Kliment Ohridski, 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Komatsu, M" sort="Komatsu, M" uniqKey="Komatsu M" first="M" last="Komatsu">M. Komatsu</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Nagoya University, 464-01 Nagoya, Japan</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kose, U" sort="Kose, U" uniqKey="Kose U" first="U" last="Kose">U. Kose</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>METU-Middle East Technical University, TR-06531 Ankara, Turkey</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Krasnoperov, A" sort="Krasnoperov, A" uniqKey="Krasnoperov A" first="A" last="Krasnoperov">A. Krasnoperov</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>JINR-Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, 141980 Dubna, Russia</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kreslo, I" sort="Kreslo, I" uniqKey="Kreslo I" first="I" last="Kreslo">I. Kreslo</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>University of Bern, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Krumstein, Z" sort="Krumstein, Z" uniqKey="Krumstein Z" first="Z" last="Krumstein">Z. Krumstein</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>JINR-Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, 141980 Dubna, Russia</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Laktineh, I" sort="Laktineh, I" uniqKey="Laktineh I" first="I" last="Laktineh">I. Laktineh</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>IPNL, Universit Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS/IN2P3, 69622 Villeurbanne, France</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="De La Taille, C" sort="De La Taille, C" uniqKey="De La Taille C" first="C" last="De La Taille">C. De La Taille</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>LAL, Universit Paris-Sud 11, CNRS/IN2P3, 91898 Orsay, France</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Le Flour, T" sort="Le Flour, T" uniqKey="Le Flour T" first="T" last="Le Flour">T. Le Flour</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>LAPP, Universit de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, 74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lieunard, S" sort="Lieunard, S" uniqKey="Lieunard S" first="S" last="Lieunard">S. Lieunard</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>LAPP, Universit de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, 74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ljubicic, A" sort="Ljubicic, A" uniqKey="Ljubicic A" first="A" last="Ljubicic">A. Ljubicic</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>IRB-Rudjer Boskovic Institute, 10002 Zagreb, Croatia</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Longhin, A" sort="Longhin, A" uniqKey="Longhin A" first="A" last="Longhin">A. Longhin</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Universit di Padova and INFN, 35131 Padova, Italy</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Malgin, A" sort="Malgin, A" uniqKey="Malgin A" first="A" last="Malgin">A. Malgin</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>INR-Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 117312 Moscow, Russia</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Manai, K" sort="Manai, K" uniqKey="Manai K" first="K" last="Manai">K. Manai</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>UPNHE-Unit de de Physique Nuclaire et des Hautes Energies, 1060 Tunis, Tunisia</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mandrioli, G" sort="Mandrioli, G" uniqKey="Mandrioli G" first="G" last="Mandrioli">G. Mandrioli</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Universit di Bologna and INFN, 40127 Bologna, Italy</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mantello, U" sort="Mantello, U" uniqKey="Mantello U" first="U" last="Mantello">U. Mantello</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Universit di Padova and INFN, 35131 Padova, Italy</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Marotta, A" sort="Marotta, A" uniqKey="Marotta A" first="A" last="Marotta">A. Marotta</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Toho University, 274-8510 Funabashi, Japan</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Marteau, J" sort="Marteau, J" uniqKey="Marteau J" first="J" last="Marteau">J. Marteau</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>IPNL, Universit Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS/IN2P3, 69622 Villeurbanne, France</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Martin Chassard, G" sort="Martin Chassard, G" uniqKey="Martin Chassard G" first="G" last="Martin-Chassard">G. Martin-Chassard</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>LAL, Universit Paris-Sud 11, CNRS/IN2P3, 91898 Orsay, France</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Matveev, V" sort="Matveev, V" uniqKey="Matveev V" first="V" last="Matveev">V. Matveev</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>INR-Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 117312 Moscow, Russia</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Messina, M" sort="Messina, M" uniqKey="Messina M" first="M" last="Messina">M. Messina</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>University of Bern, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Meyer, L" sort="Meyer, L" uniqKey="Meyer L" first="L" last="Meyer">L. Meyer</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>University of Bern, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Micanovic, S" sort="Micanovic, S" uniqKey="Micanovic S" first="S" last="Micanovic">S. Micanovic</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>IRB-Rudjer Boskovic Institute, 10002 Zagreb, Croatia</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Migliozzi, P" sort="Migliozzi, P" uniqKey="Migliozzi P" first="P" last="Migliozzi">P. Migliozzi</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Toho University, 274-8510 Funabashi, Japan</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Miyamoto, S" sort="Miyamoto, S" uniqKey="Miyamoto S" first="S" last="Miyamoto">S. Miyamoto</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Nagoya University, 464-01 Nagoya, Japan</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Monacelli, P" sort="Monacelli, P" uniqKey="Monacelli P" first="P" last="Monacelli">P. Monacelli</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Universit dell'Aquila and INFN, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Monteiro, I" sort="Monteiro, I" uniqKey="Monteiro I" first="I" last="Monteiro">I. Monteiro</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>LAPP, Universit de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, 74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Morishima, K" sort="Morishima, K" uniqKey="Morishima K" first="K" last="Morishima">K. Morishima</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Nagoya University, 464-01 Nagoya, Japan</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Moser, U" sort="Moser, U" uniqKey="Moser U" first="U" last="Moser">U. Moser</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>University of Bern, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Muciaccia, M T" sort="Muciaccia, M T" uniqKey="Muciaccia M" first="M T" last="Muciaccia">M T Muciaccia</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Universit di Bari and INFN, 70126 Bari, Italy</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mugnier, P" sort="Mugnier, P" uniqKey="Mugnier P" first="P" last="Mugnier">P. Mugnier</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>LAPP, Universit de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, 74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Naganawa, N" sort="Naganawa, N" uniqKey="Naganawa N" first="N" last="Naganawa">N. Naganawa</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Nagoya University, 464-01 Nagoya, Japan</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nakamura, M" sort="Nakamura, M" uniqKey="Nakamura M" first="M" last="Nakamura">M. Nakamura</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Nagoya University, 464-01 Nagoya, Japan</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nakano, T" sort="Nakano, T" uniqKey="Nakano T" first="T" last="Nakano">T. Nakano</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Nagoya University, 464-01 Nagoya, Japan</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Napolitano, T" sort="Napolitano, T" uniqKey="Napolitano T" first="T" last="Napolitano">T. Napolitano</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati dell'INFN, 00044 Frascati (Roma), Italy</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Natsume, M" sort="Natsume, M" uniqKey="Natsume M" first="M" last="Natsume">M. Natsume</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Nagoya University, 464-01 Nagoya, Japan</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Niwa, K" sort="Niwa, K" uniqKey="Niwa K" first="K" last="Niwa">K. Niwa</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Nagoya University, 464-01 Nagoya, Japan</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nonoyama, Y" sort="Nonoyama, Y" uniqKey="Nonoyama Y" first="Y" last="Nonoyama">Y. Nonoyama</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Nagoya University, 464-01 Nagoya, Japan</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nozdrin, A" sort="Nozdrin, A" uniqKey="Nozdrin A" first="A" last="Nozdrin">A. Nozdrin</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>JINR-Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, 141980 Dubna, Russia</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ogawa, S" sort="Ogawa, S" uniqKey="Ogawa S" first="S" last="Ogawa">S. Ogawa</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Toho University, 274-8510 Funabashi, Japan</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Olchevski, A" sort="Olchevski, A" uniqKey="Olchevski A" first="A" last="Olchevski">A. Olchevski</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>JINR-Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, 141980 Dubna, Russia</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Orlandi, D" sort="Orlandi, D" uniqKey="Orlandi D" first="D" last="Orlandi">D. Orlandi</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso dell'INFN, 67010 Assergi (L'Aquila), Italy</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ossetski, D" sort="Ossetski, D" uniqKey="Ossetski D" first="D" last="Ossetski">D. Ossetski</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Obninsk State University, Institute of Nuclear Power Engineering, 249020 Obninsk, Russia</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Paoloni, A" sort="Paoloni, A" uniqKey="Paoloni A" first="A" last="Paoloni">A. Paoloni</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati dell'INFN, 00044 Frascati (Roma), Italy</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Park, B D" sort="Park, B D" uniqKey="Park B" first="B D" last="Park">B D Park</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Nagoya University, 464-01 Nagoya, Japan</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Park, I G" sort="Park, I G" uniqKey="Park I" first="I G" last="Park">I G Park</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Gyeongsang National University, 900 Gazwa-dong, Jinju 660-300, Korea</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pastore, A" sort="Pastore, A" uniqKey="Pastore A" first="A" last="Pastore">A. Pastore</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Universit di Bari and INFN, 70126 Bari, Italy</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Patrizii, L" sort="Patrizii, L" uniqKey="Patrizii L" first="L" last="Patrizii">L. Patrizii</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Universit di Bologna and INFN, 40127 Bologna, Italy</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pellegrino, L" sort="Pellegrino, L" uniqKey="Pellegrino L" first="L" last="Pellegrino">L. Pellegrino</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati dell'INFN, 00044 Frascati (Roma), Italy</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pessard, H" sort="Pessard, H" uniqKey="Pessard H" first="H" last="Pessard">H. Pessard</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>LAPP, Universit de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, 74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pilipenko, V" sort="Pilipenko, V" uniqKey="Pilipenko V" first="V" last="Pilipenko">V. Pilipenko</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>University of Mnster, 48149 Mnster, Germany</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pistillo, C" sort="Pistillo, C" uniqKey="Pistillo C" first="C" last="Pistillo">C. Pistillo</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>University of Bern, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Polukhina, N" sort="Polukhina, N" uniqKey="Polukhina N" first="N" last="Polukhina">N. Polukhina</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>LPI-Lebedev Physical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 117924 Moscow, Russia</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pozzato, M" sort="Pozzato, M" uniqKey="Pozzato M" first="M" last="Pozzato">M. Pozzato</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Universit di Bologna and INFN, 40127 Bologna, Italy</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pretzl, K" sort="Pretzl, K" uniqKey="Pretzl K" first="K" last="Pretzl">K. Pretzl</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>University of Bern, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Publichenko, P" sort="Publichenko, P" uniqKey="Publichenko P" first="P" last="Publichenko">P. Publichenko</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>SINP MSU-Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics of Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Raux, L" sort="Raux, L" uniqKey="Raux L" first="L" last="Raux">L. Raux</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>LAL, Universit Paris-Sud 11, CNRS/IN2P3, 91898 Orsay, France</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Repellin, J P" sort="Repellin, J P" uniqKey="Repellin J" first="J P" last="Repellin">J P Repellin</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>LAL, Universit Paris-Sud 11, CNRS/IN2P3, 91898 Orsay, France</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Roganova, T" sort="Roganova, T" uniqKey="Roganova T" first="T" last="Roganova">T. Roganova</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>SINP MSU-Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics of Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Romano, G" sort="Romano, G" uniqKey="Romano G" first="G" last="Romano">G. Romano</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Universit di Salerno and INFN, 84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rosa, G" sort="Rosa, G" uniqKey="Rosa G" first="G" last="Rosa">G. Rosa</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Universit di Roma La Sapienza and INFN, 00185 Roma, Italy</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rubbia, A" sort="Rubbia, A" uniqKey="Rubbia A" first="A" last="Rubbia">A. Rubbia</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>ETH-Eidgenssische Technische Hochschulen Zrich, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ryasny, V" sort="Ryasny, V" uniqKey="Ryasny V" first="V" last="Ryasny">V. Ryasny</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>INR-Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 117312 Moscow, Russia</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ryazhskaya, O" sort="Ryazhskaya, O" uniqKey="Ryazhskaya O" first="O" last="Ryazhskaya">O. Ryazhskaya</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>INR-Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 117312 Moscow, Russia</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ryzhikov, D" sort="Ryzhikov, D" uniqKey="Ryzhikov D" first="D" last="Ryzhikov">D. Ryzhikov</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Obninsk State University, Institute of Nuclear Power Engineering, 249020 Obninsk, Russia</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sadovski, A" sort="Sadovski, A" uniqKey="Sadovski A" first="A" last="Sadovski">A. Sadovski</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>JINR-Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, 141980 Dubna, Russia</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sanelli, C" sort="Sanelli, C" uniqKey="Sanelli C" first="C" last="Sanelli">C. Sanelli</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati dell'INFN, 00044 Frascati (Roma), Italy</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sato, O" sort="Sato, O" uniqKey="Sato O" first="O" last="Sato">O. Sato</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Nagoya University, 464-01 Nagoya, Japan</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sato, Y" sort="Sato, Y" uniqKey="Sato Y" first="Y" last="Sato">Y. Sato</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Utsunomiya University, 320 Tochigi-Ken, Utsunomiya, Japan</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Saveliev, V" sort="Saveliev, V" uniqKey="Saveliev V" first="V" last="Saveliev">V. Saveliev</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Obninsk State University, Institute of Nuclear Power Engineering, 249020 Obninsk, Russia</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Savvinov, N" sort="Savvinov, N" uniqKey="Savvinov N" first="N" last="Savvinov">N. Savvinov</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>University of Bern, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sazhina, G" sort="Sazhina, G" uniqKey="Sazhina G" first="G" last="Sazhina">G. Sazhina</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>SINP MSU-Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics of Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Schembri, A" sort="Schembri, A" uniqKey="Schembri A" first="A" last="Schembri">A. Schembri</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Universit di Roma La Sapienza and INFN, 00185 Roma, Italy</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Schmidt Parzefall, W" sort="Schmidt Parzefall, W" uniqKey="Schmidt Parzefall W" first="W" last="Schmidt Parzefall">W. Schmidt Parzefall</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Hamburg University, 22043 Hamburg, Germany</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Schroeder, H" sort="Schroeder, H" uniqKey="Schroeder H" first="H" last="Schroeder">H. Schroeder</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Fachbereich Physik der Universitt Rostock, 18051 Rostock, Germany</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Schtz, H U" sort="Schtz, H U" uniqKey="Schtz H" first="H U" last="Schtz">H U Schtz</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>University of Bern, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Scotto Lavina, L" sort="Scotto Lavina, L" uniqKey="Scotto Lavina L" first="L" last="Scotto Lavina">L. Scotto Lavina</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Universit Federico II di Napoli and INFN, 80125 Napoli, Italy</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sewing, J" sort="Sewing, J" uniqKey="Sewing J" first="J" last="Sewing">J. Sewing</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Hamburg University, 22043 Hamburg, Germany</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Shibuya, H" sort="Shibuya, H" uniqKey="Shibuya H" first="H" last="Shibuya">H. Shibuya</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Toho University, 274-8510 Funabashi, Japan</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Simone, S" sort="Simone, S" uniqKey="Simone S" first="S" last="Simone">S. Simone</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Universit di Bari and INFN, 70126 Bari, Italy</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sioli, M" sort="Sioli, M" uniqKey="Sioli M" first="M" last="Sioli">M. Sioli</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Universit di Bologna and INFN, 40127 Bologna, Italy</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sirignano, C" sort="Sirignano, C" uniqKey="Sirignano C" first="C" last="Sirignano">C. 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Spaeti</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>University of Bern, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Spinetti, M" sort="Spinetti, M" uniqKey="Spinetti M" first="M" last="Spinetti">M. Spinetti</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati dell'INFN, 00044 Frascati (Roma), Italy</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Stanco, L" sort="Stanco, L" uniqKey="Stanco L" first="L" last="Stanco">L. Stanco</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Universit di Padova and INFN, 35131 Padova, Italy</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Starkov, N" sort="Starkov, N" uniqKey="Starkov N" first="N" last="Starkov">N. 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Acquafredda</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Universit Federico II di Napoli and INFN, 80125 Napoli, Italy</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Agafonova, N" sort="Agafonova, N" uniqKey="Agafonova N" first="N" last="Agafonova">N. Agafonova</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>INR-Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 117312 Moscow, Russia</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ambrosio, M" sort="Ambrosio, M" uniqKey="Ambrosio M" first="M" last="Ambrosio">M. Ambrosio</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Universit Federico II di Napoli and INFN, 80125 Napoli, Italy</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Anokhina, A" sort="Anokhina, A" uniqKey="Anokhina A" first="A" last="Anokhina">A. 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Autiero</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>IPNL, Universit Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS/IN2P3, 69622 Villeurbanne, France</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Badertscher, A" sort="Badertscher, A" uniqKey="Badertscher A" first="A" last="Badertscher">A. Badertscher</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>ETH-Eidgenssische Technische Hochschulen Zrich, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Baussan, E" sort="Baussan, E" uniqKey="Baussan E" first="E" last="Baussan">E. Baussan</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Universit de Neuchtel, CH 2000 Neuchtel, Switzerland</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bergnoli, A" sort="Bergnoli, A" uniqKey="Bergnoli A" first="A" last="Bergnoli">A. Bergnoli</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Universit di Padova and INFN, 35131 Padova, Italy</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bersani Greggio, F" sort="Bersani Greggio, F" uniqKey="Bersani Greggio F" first="F" last="Bersani Greggio">F. Bersani Greggio</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati dell'INFN, 00044 Frascati (Roma), Italy</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Besnier, M" sort="Besnier, M" uniqKey="Besnier M" first="M" last="Besnier">M. Besnier</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>LAPP, Universit de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, 74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Beyer, M" sort="Beyer, M" uniqKey="Beyer M" first="M" last="Beyer">M. Beyer</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Fachbereich Physik der Universitt Rostock, 18051 Rostock, Germany</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bondil Blin, S" sort="Bondil Blin, S" uniqKey="Bondil Blin S" first="S" last="Bondil-Blin">S. Bondil-Blin</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>LAL, Universit Paris-Sud 11, CNRS/IN2P3, 91898 Orsay, France</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Borer, K" sort="Borer, K" uniqKey="Borer K" first="K" last="Borer">K. Borer</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>University of Bern, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Boucrot, J" sort="Boucrot, J" uniqKey="Boucrot J" first="J" last="Boucrot">J. Boucrot</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>LAL, Universit Paris-Sud 11, CNRS/IN2P3, 91898 Orsay, France</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Boyarkin, V" sort="Boyarkin, V" uniqKey="Boyarkin V" first="V" last="Boyarkin">V. Boyarkin</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>INR-Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 117312 Moscow, Russia</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bozza, C" sort="Bozza, C" uniqKey="Bozza C" first="C" last="Bozza">C. Bozza</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Universit di Salerno and INFN, 84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Brugnera, R" sort="Brugnera, R" uniqKey="Brugnera R" first="R" last="Brugnera">R. Brugnera</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Universit di Padova and INFN, 35131 Padova, Italy</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Buontempo, S" sort="Buontempo, S" uniqKey="Buontempo S" first="S" last="Buontempo">S. Buontempo</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Universit Federico II di Napoli and INFN, 80125 Napoli, Italy</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Caffari, Y" sort="Caffari, Y" uniqKey="Caffari Y" first="Y" last="Caffari">Y. Caffari</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>IPNL, Universit Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS/IN2P3, 69622 Villeurbanne, France</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Campagne, J E" sort="Campagne, J E" uniqKey="Campagne J" first="J E" last="Campagne">J E Campagne</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>LAL, Universit Paris-Sud 11, CNRS/IN2P3, 91898 Orsay, France</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Carlus, B" sort="Carlus, B" uniqKey="Carlus B" first="B" last="Carlus">B. Carlus</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>IPNL, Universit Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS/IN2P3, 69622 Villeurbanne, France</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Carrara, E" sort="Carrara, E" uniqKey="Carrara E" first="E" last="Carrara">E. Carrara</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Universit di Padova and INFN, 35131 Padova, Italy</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cazes, A" sort="Cazes, A" uniqKey="Cazes A" first="A" last="Cazes">A. Cazes</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati dell'INFN, 00044 Frascati (Roma), Italy</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chaussard, L" sort="Chaussard, L" uniqKey="Chaussard L" first="L" last="Chaussard">L. Chaussard</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>IPNL, Universit Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS/IN2P3, 69622 Villeurbanne, France</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chernyavsky, M" sort="Chernyavsky, M" uniqKey="Chernyavsky M" first="M" last="Chernyavsky">M. Chernyavsky</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>LPI-Lebedev Physical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 117924 Moscow, Russia</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chiarella, V" sort="Chiarella, V" uniqKey="Chiarella V" first="V" last="Chiarella">V. Chiarella</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati dell'INFN, 00044 Frascati (Roma), Italy</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chon Sen, N" sort="Chon Sen, N" uniqKey="Chon Sen N" first="N" last="Chon-Sen">N. Chon-Sen</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>IPHC, Universit Louis Pasteur, CNRS/IN2P3, 67037 Strasbourg, France</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chukanov, A" sort="Chukanov, A" uniqKey="Chukanov A" first="A" last="Chukanov">A. Chukanov</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>JINR-Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, 141980 Dubna, Russia</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ciesielski, R" sort="Ciesielski, R" uniqKey="Ciesielski R" first="R" last="Ciesielski">R. Ciesielski</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Universit di Padova and INFN, 35131 Padova, Italy</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Consiglio, L" sort="Consiglio, L" uniqKey="Consiglio L" first="L" last="Consiglio">L. Consiglio</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Universit di Bologna and INFN, 40127 Bologna, Italy</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cozzi, M" sort="Cozzi, M" uniqKey="Cozzi M" first="M" last="Cozzi">M. Cozzi</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Universit di Bologna and INFN, 40127 Bologna, Italy</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dal Corso, F" sort="Dal Corso, F" uniqKey="Dal Corso F" first="F" last="Dal Corso">F. Dal Corso</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Universit di Padova and INFN, 35131 Padova, Italy</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="D Ambrosio, N" sort="D Ambrosio, N" uniqKey="D Ambrosio N" first="N" last="D'Ambrosio">N. D'Ambrosio</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso dell'INFN, 67010 Assergi (L'Aquila), Italy</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Damet, J" sort="Damet, J" uniqKey="Damet J" first="J" last="Damet">J. Damet</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>LAPP, Universit de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, 74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="De Lellis, G" sort="De Lellis, G" uniqKey="De Lellis G" first="G" last="De Lellis">G. De Lellis</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Universit Federico II di Napoli and INFN, 80125 Napoli, Italy</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dclais, Y" sort="Dclais, Y" uniqKey="Dclais Y" first="Y" last="Dclais">Y. Dclais</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>IPNL, Universit Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS/IN2P3, 69622 Villeurbanne, France</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Descombes, T" sort="Descombes, T" uniqKey="Descombes T" first="T" last="Descombes">T. Descombes</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>IPNL, Universit Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS/IN2P3, 69622 Villeurbanne, France</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="De Serio, M" sort="De Serio, M" uniqKey="De Serio M" first="M" last="De Serio">M. De Serio</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Universit di Bari and INFN, 70126 Bari, Italy</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Di Capua, F" sort="Di Capua, F" uniqKey="Di Capua F" first="F" last="Di Capua">F. Di Capua</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Universit Federico II di Napoli and INFN, 80125 Napoli, Italy</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Di Ferdinando, D" sort="Di Ferdinando, D" uniqKey="Di Ferdinando D" first="D" last="Di Ferdinando">D. Di Ferdinando</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Universit di Bologna and INFN, 40127 Bologna, Italy</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Di Giovanni, A" sort="Di Giovanni, A" uniqKey="Di Giovanni A" first="A" last="Di Giovanni">A. Di Giovanni</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Universit dell'Aquila and INFN, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Di Marco, N" sort="Di Marco, N" uniqKey="Di Marco N" first="N" last="Di Marco">N. Di Marco</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Universit dell'Aquila and INFN, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Di Troia, C" sort="Di Troia, C" uniqKey="Di Troia C" first="C" last="Di Troia">C. Di Troia</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati dell'INFN, 00044 Frascati (Roma), Italy</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dmitrievski, S" sort="Dmitrievski, S" uniqKey="Dmitrievski S" first="S" last="Dmitrievski">S. Dmitrievski</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>JINR-Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, 141980 Dubna, Russia</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dracos, M" sort="Dracos, M" uniqKey="Dracos M" first="M" last="Dracos">M. Dracos</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>IPHC, Universit Louis Pasteur, CNRS/IN2P3, 67037 Strasbourg, France</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Duchesneau, D" sort="Duchesneau, D" uniqKey="Duchesneau D" first="D" last="Duchesneau">D. Duchesneau</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>LAPP, Universit de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, 74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dulach, B" sort="Dulach, B" uniqKey="Dulach B" first="B" last="Dulach">B. Dulach</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati dell'INFN, 00044 Frascati (Roma), Italy</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dusini, S" sort="Dusini, S" uniqKey="Dusini S" first="S" last="Dusini">S. Dusini</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Universit di Padova and INFN, 35131 Padova, Italy</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ebert, J" sort="Ebert, J" uniqKey="Ebert J" first="J" last="Ebert">J. Ebert</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Hamburg University, 22043 Hamburg, Germany</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Enikeev, R" sort="Enikeev, R" uniqKey="Enikeev R" first="R" last="Enikeev">R. Enikeev</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>INR-Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 117312 Moscow, Russia</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ereditato, A" sort="Ereditato, A" uniqKey="Ereditato A" first="A" last="Ereditato">A. Ereditato</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>University of Bern, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>E-mail:antonio.ereditato@cern.ch</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Esposito, L S" sort="Esposito, L S" uniqKey="Esposito L" first="L S" last="Esposito">L S Esposito</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso dell'INFN, 67010 Assergi (L'Aquila), Italy</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fanin, C" sort="Fanin, C" uniqKey="Fanin C" first="C" last="Fanin">C. Fanin</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Universit di Padova and INFN, 35131 Padova, Italy</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Favier, J" sort="Favier, J" uniqKey="Favier J" first="J" last="Favier">J. Favier</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>LAPP, Universit de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, 74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Felici, G" sort="Felici, G" uniqKey="Felici G" first="G" last="Felici">G. Felici</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati dell'INFN, 00044 Frascati (Roma), Italy</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ferber, T" sort="Ferber, T" uniqKey="Ferber T" first="T" last="Ferber">T. Ferber</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Hamburg University, 22043 Hamburg, Germany</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fournier, L" sort="Fournier, L" uniqKey="Fournier L" first="L" last="Fournier">L. Fournier</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>LAPP, Universit de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, 74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Franceschi, A" sort="Franceschi, A" uniqKey="Franceschi A" first="A" last="Franceschi">A. Franceschi</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati dell'INFN, 00044 Frascati (Roma), Italy</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Frekers, D" sort="Frekers, D" uniqKey="Frekers D" first="D" last="Frekers">D. Frekers</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>University of Mnster, 48149 Mnster, Germany</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fukuda, T" sort="Fukuda, T" uniqKey="Fukuda T" first="T" last="Fukuda">T. Fukuda</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Nagoya University, 464-01 Nagoya, Japan</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fukushima, C" sort="Fukushima, C" uniqKey="Fukushima C" first="C" last="Fukushima">C. Fukushima</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Toho University, 274-8510 Funabashi, Japan</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Galkin, V I" sort="Galkin, V I" uniqKey="Galkin V" first="V I" last="Galkin">V I Galkin</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>SINP MSU-Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics of Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Galkin, V A" sort="Galkin, V A" uniqKey="Galkin V" first="V A" last="Galkin">V A Galkin</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Obninsk State University, Institute of Nuclear Power Engineering, 249020 Obninsk, Russia</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gallet, R" sort="Gallet, R" uniqKey="Gallet R" first="R" last="Gallet">R. Gallet</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>LAPP, Universit de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, 74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Garfagnini, A" sort="Garfagnini, A" uniqKey="Garfagnini A" first="A" last="Garfagnini">A. Garfagnini</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Universit di Padova and INFN, 35131 Padova, Italy</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gaudiot, G" sort="Gaudiot, G" uniqKey="Gaudiot G" first="G" last="Gaudiot">G. Gaudiot</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>IPHC, Universit Louis Pasteur, CNRS/IN2P3, 67037 Strasbourg, France</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Giacomelli, G" sort="Giacomelli, G" uniqKey="Giacomelli G" first="G" last="Giacomelli">G. Giacomelli</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Universit di Bologna and INFN, 40127 Bologna, Italy</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Giarmana, O" sort="Giarmana, O" uniqKey="Giarmana O" first="O" last="Giarmana">O. Giarmana</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>IPNL, Universit Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS/IN2P3, 69622 Villeurbanne, France</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Giorgini, M" sort="Giorgini, M" uniqKey="Giorgini M" first="M" last="Giorgini">M. Giorgini</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Universit di Bologna and INFN, 40127 Bologna, Italy</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Girard, L" sort="Girard, L" uniqKey="Girard L" first="L" last="Girard">L. Girard</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>IPNL, Universit Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS/IN2P3, 69622 Villeurbanne, France</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Girerd, C" sort="Girerd, C" uniqKey="Girerd C" first="C" last="Girerd">C. Girerd</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>IPNL, Universit Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS/IN2P3, 69622 Villeurbanne, France</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Goellnitz, C" sort="Goellnitz, C" uniqKey="Goellnitz C" first="C" last="Goellnitz">C. Goellnitz</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Hamburg University, 22043 Hamburg, Germany</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Goldberg, J" sort="Goldberg, J" uniqKey="Goldberg J" first="J" last="Goldberg">J. Goldberg</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Physics, Technion, 32000 Haifa, Israel</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gornoushkin, Y" sort="Gornoushkin, Y" uniqKey="Gornoushkin Y" first="Y" last="Gornoushkin">Y. Gornoushkin</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>JINR-Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, 141980 Dubna, Russia</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Grella, G" sort="Grella, G" uniqKey="Grella G" first="G" last="Grella">G. Grella</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Universit di Salerno and INFN, 84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Grianti, F" sort="Grianti, F" uniqKey="Grianti F" first="F" last="Grianti">F. Grianti</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati dell'INFN, 00044 Frascati (Roma), Italy</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Guerin, C" sort="Guerin, C" uniqKey="Guerin C" first="C" last="Guerin">C. Guerin</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>IPNL, Universit Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS/IN2P3, 69622 Villeurbanne, France</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Guler, M" sort="Guler, M" uniqKey="Guler M" first="M" last="Guler">M. Guler</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>METU-Middle East Technical University, TR-06531 Ankara, Turkey</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gustavino, C" sort="Gustavino, C" uniqKey="Gustavino C" first="C" last="Gustavino">C. Gustavino</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso dell'INFN, 67010 Assergi (L'Aquila), Italy</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hagner, C" sort="Hagner, C" uniqKey="Hagner C" first="C" last="Hagner">C. Hagner</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Hamburg University, 22043 Hamburg, Germany</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hamane, T" sort="Hamane, T" uniqKey="Hamane T" first="T" last="Hamane">T. Hamane</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>LAPP, Universit de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, 74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hara, T" sort="Hara, T" uniqKey="Hara T" first="T" last="Hara">T. Hara</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Kobe University, 657 Kobe, Japan</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hauger, M" sort="Hauger, M" uniqKey="Hauger M" first="M" last="Hauger">M. Hauger</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Universit de Neuchtel, CH 2000 Neuchtel, Switzerland</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hess, M" sort="Hess, M" uniqKey="Hess M" first="M" last="Hess">M. Hess</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>University of Bern, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hoshino, K" sort="Hoshino, K" uniqKey="Hoshino K" first="K" last="Hoshino">K. Hoshino</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Nagoya University, 464-01 Nagoya, Japan</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ieva, M" sort="Ieva, M" uniqKey="Ieva M" first="M" last="Ieva">M. Ieva</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Universit di Bari and INFN, 70126 Bari, Italy</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Incurvati, M" sort="Incurvati, M" uniqKey="Incurvati M" first="M" last="Incurvati">M. Incurvati</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati dell'INFN, 00044 Frascati (Roma), Italy</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jakovcic, K" sort="Jakovcic, K" uniqKey="Jakovcic K" first="K" last="Jakovcic">K. Jakovcic</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>IRB-Rudjer Boskovic Institute, 10002 Zagreb, Croatia</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Janicsko Csathy, J" sort="Janicsko Csathy, J" uniqKey="Janicsko Csathy J" first="J" last="Janicsko Csathy">J. Janicsko Csathy</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Universit de Neuchtel, CH 2000 Neuchtel, Switzerland</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Janutta, B" sort="Janutta, B" uniqKey="Janutta B" first="B" last="Janutta">B. Janutta</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Hamburg University, 22043 Hamburg, Germany</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jollet, C" sort="Jollet, C" uniqKey="Jollet C" first="C" last="Jollet">C. Jollet</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>IPHC, Universit Louis Pasteur, CNRS/IN2P3, 67037 Strasbourg, France</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Juget, F" sort="Juget, F" uniqKey="Juget F" first="F" last="Juget">F. Juget</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Universit de Neuchtel, CH 2000 Neuchtel, Switzerland</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kazuyama, M" sort="Kazuyama, M" uniqKey="Kazuyama M" first="M" last="Kazuyama">M. Kazuyama</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Nagoya University, 464-01 Nagoya, Japan</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kim, S H" sort="Kim, S H" uniqKey="Kim S" first="S H" last="Kim">S H Kim</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Gyeongsang National University, 900 Gazwa-dong, Jinju 660-300, Korea</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kimura, M" sort="Kimura, M" uniqKey="Kimura M" first="M" last="Kimura">M. Kimura</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Toho University, 274-8510 Funabashi, Japan</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Knuesel, J" sort="Knuesel, J" uniqKey="Knuesel J" first="J" last="Knuesel">J. Knuesel</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>University of Bern, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kodama, K" sort="Kodama, K" uniqKey="Kodama K" first="K" last="Kodama">K. Kodama</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Aichi University of Education, 448 Kariya (Aichi-Ken), Japan</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kolev, D" sort="Kolev, D" uniqKey="Kolev D" first="D" last="Kolev">D. Kolev</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Faculty of Physics, Sofia University St. Kliment Ohridski, 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Komatsu, M" sort="Komatsu, M" uniqKey="Komatsu M" first="M" last="Komatsu">M. Komatsu</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Nagoya University, 464-01 Nagoya, Japan</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kose, U" sort="Kose, U" uniqKey="Kose U" first="U" last="Kose">U. Kose</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>METU-Middle East Technical University, TR-06531 Ankara, Turkey</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Krasnoperov, A" sort="Krasnoperov, A" uniqKey="Krasnoperov A" first="A" last="Krasnoperov">A. Krasnoperov</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>JINR-Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, 141980 Dubna, Russia</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kreslo, I" sort="Kreslo, I" uniqKey="Kreslo I" first="I" last="Kreslo">I. Kreslo</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>University of Bern, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Krumstein, Z" sort="Krumstein, Z" uniqKey="Krumstein Z" first="Z" last="Krumstein">Z. Krumstein</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>JINR-Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, 141980 Dubna, Russia</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Laktineh, I" sort="Laktineh, I" uniqKey="Laktineh I" first="I" last="Laktineh">I. Laktineh</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>IPNL, Universit Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS/IN2P3, 69622 Villeurbanne, France</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="De La Taille, C" sort="De La Taille, C" uniqKey="De La Taille C" first="C" last="De La Taille">C. De La Taille</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>LAL, Universit Paris-Sud 11, CNRS/IN2P3, 91898 Orsay, France</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Le Flour, T" sort="Le Flour, T" uniqKey="Le Flour T" first="T" last="Le Flour">T. Le Flour</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>LAPP, Universit de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, 74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lieunard, S" sort="Lieunard, S" uniqKey="Lieunard S" first="S" last="Lieunard">S. Lieunard</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>LAPP, Universit de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, 74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ljubicic, A" sort="Ljubicic, A" uniqKey="Ljubicic A" first="A" last="Ljubicic">A. Ljubicic</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>IRB-Rudjer Boskovic Institute, 10002 Zagreb, Croatia</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Longhin, A" sort="Longhin, A" uniqKey="Longhin A" first="A" last="Longhin">A. Longhin</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Universit di Padova and INFN, 35131 Padova, Italy</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Malgin, A" sort="Malgin, A" uniqKey="Malgin A" first="A" last="Malgin">A. Malgin</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>INR-Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 117312 Moscow, Russia</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Manai, K" sort="Manai, K" uniqKey="Manai K" first="K" last="Manai">K. Manai</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>UPNHE-Unit de de Physique Nuclaire et des Hautes Energies, 1060 Tunis, Tunisia</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mandrioli, G" sort="Mandrioli, G" uniqKey="Mandrioli G" first="G" last="Mandrioli">G. Mandrioli</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Universit di Bologna and INFN, 40127 Bologna, Italy</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mantello, U" sort="Mantello, U" uniqKey="Mantello U" first="U" last="Mantello">U. 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Micanovic</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>IRB-Rudjer Boskovic Institute, 10002 Zagreb, Croatia</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Migliozzi, P" sort="Migliozzi, P" uniqKey="Migliozzi P" first="P" last="Migliozzi">P. Migliozzi</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Toho University, 274-8510 Funabashi, Japan</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Miyamoto, S" sort="Miyamoto, S" uniqKey="Miyamoto S" first="S" last="Miyamoto">S. Miyamoto</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Nagoya University, 464-01 Nagoya, Japan</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Monacelli, P" sort="Monacelli, P" uniqKey="Monacelli P" first="P" last="Monacelli">P. Monacelli</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Universit dell'Aquila and INFN, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Monteiro, I" sort="Monteiro, I" uniqKey="Monteiro I" first="I" last="Monteiro">I. Monteiro</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>LAPP, Universit de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, 74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Morishima, K" sort="Morishima, K" uniqKey="Morishima K" first="K" last="Morishima">K. Morishima</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Nagoya University, 464-01 Nagoya, Japan</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Moser, U" sort="Moser, U" uniqKey="Moser U" first="U" last="Moser">U. Moser</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>University of Bern, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Muciaccia, M T" sort="Muciaccia, M T" uniqKey="Muciaccia M" first="M T" last="Muciaccia">M T Muciaccia</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Universit di Bari and INFN, 70126 Bari, Italy</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mugnier, P" sort="Mugnier, P" uniqKey="Mugnier P" first="P" last="Mugnier">P. 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Orlandi</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso dell'INFN, 67010 Assergi (L'Aquila), Italy</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ossetski, D" sort="Ossetski, D" uniqKey="Ossetski D" first="D" last="Ossetski">D. Ossetski</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Obninsk State University, Institute of Nuclear Power Engineering, 249020 Obninsk, Russia</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Paoloni, A" sort="Paoloni, A" uniqKey="Paoloni A" first="A" last="Paoloni">A. 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Pilipenko</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>University of Mnster, 48149 Mnster, Germany</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pistillo, C" sort="Pistillo, C" uniqKey="Pistillo C" first="C" last="Pistillo">C. Pistillo</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>University of Bern, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Polukhina, N" sort="Polukhina, N" uniqKey="Polukhina N" first="N" last="Polukhina">N. Polukhina</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>LPI-Lebedev Physical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 117924 Moscow, Russia</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pozzato, M" sort="Pozzato, M" uniqKey="Pozzato M" first="M" last="Pozzato">M. Pozzato</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Universit di Bologna and INFN, 40127 Bologna, Italy</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pretzl, K" sort="Pretzl, K" uniqKey="Pretzl K" first="K" last="Pretzl">K. Pretzl</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>University of Bern, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Publichenko, P" sort="Publichenko, P" uniqKey="Publichenko P" first="P" last="Publichenko">P. Publichenko</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>SINP MSU-Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics of Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Raux, L" sort="Raux, L" uniqKey="Raux L" first="L" last="Raux">L. 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Romano</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Universit di Salerno and INFN, 84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rosa, G" sort="Rosa, G" uniqKey="Rosa G" first="G" last="Rosa">G. Rosa</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Universit di Roma La Sapienza and INFN, 00185 Roma, Italy</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rubbia, A" sort="Rubbia, A" uniqKey="Rubbia A" first="A" last="Rubbia">A. Rubbia</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>ETH-Eidgenssische Technische Hochschulen Zrich, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ryasny, V" sort="Ryasny, V" uniqKey="Ryasny V" first="V" last="Ryasny">V. Ryasny</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>INR-Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 117312 Moscow, Russia</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ryazhskaya, O" sort="Ryazhskaya, O" uniqKey="Ryazhskaya O" first="O" last="Ryazhskaya">O. Ryazhskaya</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>INR-Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 117312 Moscow, Russia</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ryzhikov, D" sort="Ryzhikov, D" uniqKey="Ryzhikov D" first="D" last="Ryzhikov">D. Ryzhikov</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Obninsk State University, Institute of Nuclear Power Engineering, 249020 Obninsk, Russia</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sadovski, A" sort="Sadovski, A" uniqKey="Sadovski A" first="A" last="Sadovski">A. Sadovski</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>JINR-Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, 141980 Dubna, Russia</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sanelli, C" sort="Sanelli, C" uniqKey="Sanelli C" first="C" last="Sanelli">C. Sanelli</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati dell'INFN, 00044 Frascati (Roma), Italy</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sato, O" sort="Sato, O" uniqKey="Sato O" first="O" last="Sato">O. Sato</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Nagoya University, 464-01 Nagoya, Japan</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sato, Y" sort="Sato, Y" uniqKey="Sato Y" first="Y" last="Sato">Y. Sato</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Utsunomiya University, 320 Tochigi-Ken, Utsunomiya, Japan</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Saveliev, V" sort="Saveliev, V" uniqKey="Saveliev V" first="V" last="Saveliev">V. 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Schroeder</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Fachbereich Physik der Universitt Rostock, 18051 Rostock, Germany</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Schtz, H U" sort="Schtz, H U" uniqKey="Schtz H" first="H U" last="Schtz">H U Schtz</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>University of Bern, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Scotto Lavina, L" sort="Scotto Lavina, L" uniqKey="Scotto Lavina L" first="L" last="Scotto Lavina">L. Scotto Lavina</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Universit Federico II di Napoli and INFN, 80125 Napoli, Italy</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sewing, J" sort="Sewing, J" uniqKey="Sewing J" first="J" last="Sewing">J. Sewing</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Hamburg University, 22043 Hamburg, Germany</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Shibuya, H" sort="Shibuya, H" uniqKey="Shibuya H" first="H" last="Shibuya">H. Shibuya</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Toho University, 274-8510 Funabashi, Japan</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Simone, S" sort="Simone, S" uniqKey="Simone S" first="S" last="Simone">S. Simone</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Universit di Bari and INFN, 70126 Bari, Italy</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sioli, M" sort="Sioli, M" uniqKey="Sioli M" first="M" last="Sioli">M. Sioli</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Universit di Bologna and INFN, 40127 Bologna, Italy</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sirignano, C" sort="Sirignano, C" uniqKey="Sirignano C" first="C" last="Sirignano">C. Sirignano</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Universit di Salerno and INFN, 84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sirri, G" sort="Sirri, G" uniqKey="Sirri G" first="G" last="Sirri">G. Sirri</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Universit di Bologna and INFN, 40127 Bologna, Italy</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Song, J S" sort="Song, J S" uniqKey="Song J" first="J S" last="Song">J S Song</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Gyeongsang National University, 900 Gazwa-dong, Jinju 660-300, Korea</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Spaeti, R" sort="Spaeti, R" uniqKey="Spaeti R" first="R" last="Spaeti">R. Spaeti</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>University of Bern, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Spinetti, M" sort="Spinetti, M" uniqKey="Spinetti M" first="M" last="Spinetti">M. Spinetti</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati dell'INFN, 00044 Frascati (Roma), Italy</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Stanco, L" sort="Stanco, L" uniqKey="Stanco L" first="L" last="Stanco">L. Stanco</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Universit di Padova and INFN, 35131 Padova, Italy</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Starkov, N" sort="Starkov, N" uniqKey="Starkov N" first="N" last="Starkov">N. Starkov</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>LPI-Lebedev Physical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 117924 Moscow, Russia</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Stipcevic, M" sort="Stipcevic, M" uniqKey="Stipcevic M" first="M" last="Stipcevic">M. Stipcevic</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>IRB-Rudjer Boskovic Institute, 10002 Zagreb, Croatia</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Strolin, P" sort="Strolin, P" uniqKey="Strolin P" first="P" last="Strolin">P. Strolin</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Universit Federico II di Napoli and INFN, 80125 Napoli, Italy</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sugonyaev, V" sort="Sugonyaev, V" uniqKey="Sugonyaev V" first="V" last="Sugonyaev">V. 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Waelchli</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>University of Bern, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Waldi, R" sort="Waldi, R" uniqKey="Waldi R" first="R" last="Waldi">R. Waldi</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Fachbereich Physik der Universitt Rostock, 18051 Rostock, Germany</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Weber, M" sort="Weber, M" uniqKey="Weber M" first="M" last="Weber">M. Weber</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>University of Bern, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wilquet, G" sort="Wilquet, G" uniqKey="Wilquet G" first="G" last="Wilquet">G. Wilquet</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>IIHE-Inter-University Institute for High Energies, Universit Libre de Bruxelles, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wonsak, B" sort="Wonsak, B" uniqKey="Wonsak B" first="B" last="Wonsak">B. Wonsak</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Hamburg University, 22043 Hamburg, Germany</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wurth, R" sort="Wurth, R" uniqKey="Wurth R" first="R" last="Wurth">R. Wurth</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Fachbereich Physik der Universitt Rostock, 18051 Rostock, Germany</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wurtz, J" sort="Wurtz, J" uniqKey="Wurtz J" first="J" last="Wurtz">J. Wurtz</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>IPHC, Universit Louis Pasteur, CNRS/IN2P3, 67037 Strasbourg, France</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Yakushev, V" sort="Yakushev, V" uniqKey="Yakushev V" first="V" last="Yakushev">V. Yakushev</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>INR-Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 117312 Moscow, Russia</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Yoon, C S" sort="Yoon, C S" uniqKey="Yoon C" first="C S" last="Yoon">C S Yoon</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Gyeongsang National University, 900 Gazwa-dong, Jinju 660-300, Korea</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zaitsev, Y" sort="Zaitsev, Y" uniqKey="Zaitsev Y" first="Y" last="Zaitsev">Y. Zaitsev</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>ITEP-Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics, 117259 Moscow, Russia</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zamboni, I" sort="Zamboni, I" uniqKey="Zamboni I" first="I" last="Zamboni">I. Zamboni</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>IRB-Rudjer Boskovic Institute, 10002 Zagreb, Croatia</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zimmermann, R" sort="Zimmermann, R" uniqKey="Zimmermann R" first="R" last="Zimmermann">R. Zimmermann</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Hamburg University, 22043 Hamburg, Germany</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author></analytic><monogr></monogr><series><title level="j">New Journal of Physics</title><title level="j" type="abbrev">New J. Phys.</title><idno type="ISSN">1367-2630</idno><idno type="eISSN">1367-2630</idno><imprint><publisher>Institute of Physics Publishing</publisher><date type="published" when="2006">2006</date><biblScope unit="volume">8</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">12</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="303">303</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="303">303</biblScope><biblScope unit="production"></biblScope></imprint><idno type="ISSN">1367-2630</idno></series><idno type="istex">F9F549C1ADBC5F41E17FA17EEEFC56B6154E218F</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1088/1367-2630/8/12/303</idno><idno type="PII">S1367-2630(06)37197-2</idno><idno type="articleID">237197</idno></biblStruct></sourceDesc><seriesStmt><idno type="ISSN">1367-2630</idno></seriesStmt></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass><langUsage><language ident="en">en</language></langUsage></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract">The OPERA neutrino detector at the underground Gran Sasso Laboratory (LNGS) was designed to perform the first detection of neutrino oscillations in appearance mode, through the study of oscillations. The apparatus consists of a lead/emulsion-film target complemented by electronic detectors. It is placed in the high-energy, long-baseline CERN to LNGS beam (CNGS) 730km away from the neutrino source. In August 2006, a first run with CNGS neutrinos was successfully conducted. A first sample of neutrino events was collected, statistically consistent with the integrated beam intensity. After a brief description of the beam and of the various sub-detectors, we report on the achievement of this milestone, presenting the first data and some analysis results.</div></front></TEI><istex><corpusName>iop</corpusName><author><json:item><name>R Acquafredda</name><affiliations><json:string>Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Universit Federico II di Napoli and INFN, 80125 Napoli, Italy</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>N Agafonova</name><affiliations><json:string>INR-Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 117312 Moscow, Russia</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>M Ambrosio</name><affiliations><json:string>Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Universit Federico II di Napoli and INFN, 80125 Napoli, Italy</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>A Anokhina</name><affiliations><json:string>SINP MSU-Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics of Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>S Aoki</name><affiliations><json:string>Kobe University, 657 Kobe, Japan</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>A Ariga</name><affiliations><json:string>Nagoya University, 464-01 Nagoya, Japan</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>L Arrabito</name><affiliations><json:string>IPNL, Universit Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS/IN2P3, 69622 Villeurbanne, France</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>D Autiero</name><affiliations><json:string>IPNL, Universit Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS/IN2P3, 69622 Villeurbanne, France</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>A Badertscher</name><affiliations><json:string>ETH-Eidgenssische Technische Hochschulen Zrich, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>E Baussan</name><affiliations><json:string>Universit de Neuchtel, CH 2000 Neuchtel, Switzerland</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>A Bergnoli</name><affiliations><json:string>Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Universit di Padova and INFN, 35131 Padova, Italy</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>F Bersani Greggio</name><affiliations><json:string>Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati dell'INFN, 00044 Frascati (Roma), Italy</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>M Besnier</name><affiliations><json:string>LAPP, Universit de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, 74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>M Beyer</name><affiliations><json:string>Fachbereich Physik der Universitt Rostock, 18051 Rostock, Germany</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>S Bondil-Blin</name><affiliations><json:string>LAL, Universit Paris-Sud 11, CNRS/IN2P3, 91898 Orsay, France</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>K Borer</name><affiliations><json:string>University of Bern, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>J Boucrot</name><affiliations><json:string>LAL, Universit Paris-Sud 11, CNRS/IN2P3, 91898 Orsay, France</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>V Boyarkin</name><affiliations><json:string>INR-Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 117312 Moscow, Russia</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>C Bozza</name><affiliations><json:string>Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Universit di Salerno and INFN, 84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>R Brugnera</name><affiliations><json:string>Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Universit di Padova and INFN, 35131 Padova, Italy</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>S Buontempo</name><affiliations><json:string>Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Universit Federico II di Napoli and INFN, 80125 Napoli, Italy</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Y Caffari</name><affiliations><json:string>IPNL, Universit Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS/IN2P3, 69622 Villeurbanne, France</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>J E Campagne</name><affiliations><json:string>LAL, Universit Paris-Sud 11, CNRS/IN2P3, 91898 Orsay, France</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>B Carlus</name><affiliations><json:string>IPNL, Universit Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS/IN2P3, 69622 Villeurbanne, France</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>E Carrara</name><affiliations><json:string>Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Universit di Padova and INFN, 35131 Padova, Italy</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>A Cazes</name><affiliations><json:string>Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati dell'INFN, 00044 Frascati (Roma), Italy</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>L Chaussard</name><affiliations><json:string>IPNL, Universit Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS/IN2P3, 69622 Villeurbanne, France</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>M Chernyavsky</name><affiliations><json:string>LPI-Lebedev Physical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 117924 Moscow, Russia</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>V Chiarella</name><affiliations><json:string>Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati dell'INFN, 00044 Frascati (Roma), Italy</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>N Chon-Sen</name><affiliations><json:string>IPHC, Universit Louis Pasteur, CNRS/IN2P3, 67037 Strasbourg, France</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>A Chukanov</name><affiliations><json:string>JINR-Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, 141980 Dubna, Russia</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>R Ciesielski</name><affiliations><json:string>Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Universit di Padova and INFN, 35131 Padova, Italy</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>L Consiglio</name><affiliations><json:string>Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Universit di Bologna and INFN, 40127 Bologna, Italy</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>M Cozzi</name><affiliations><json:string>Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Universit di Bologna and INFN, 40127 Bologna, Italy</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>F Dal Corso</name><affiliations><json:string>Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Universit di Padova and INFN, 35131 Padova, Italy</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>N D'Ambrosio</name><affiliations><json:string>Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso dell'INFN, 67010 Assergi (L'Aquila), Italy</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>J Damet</name><affiliations><json:string>LAPP, Universit de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, 74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>G De Lellis</name><affiliations><json:string>Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Universit Federico II di Napoli and INFN, 80125 Napoli, Italy</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Y Dclais</name><affiliations><json:string>IPNL, Universit Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS/IN2P3, 69622 Villeurbanne, France</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>T Descombes</name><affiliations><json:string>IPNL, Universit Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS/IN2P3, 69622 Villeurbanne, France</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>M De Serio</name><affiliations><json:string>Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Universit di Bari and INFN, 70126 Bari, Italy</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>F Di Capua</name><affiliations><json:string>Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Universit Federico II di Napoli and INFN, 80125 Napoli, Italy</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>D Di Ferdinando</name><affiliations><json:string>Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Universit di Bologna and INFN, 40127 Bologna, Italy</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>A Di Giovanni</name><affiliations><json:string>Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Universit dell'Aquila and INFN, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>N Di Marco</name><affiliations><json:string>Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Universit dell'Aquila and INFN, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>C Di Troia</name><affiliations><json:string>Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati dell'INFN, 00044 Frascati (Roma), Italy</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>S Dmitrievski</name><affiliations><json:string>JINR-Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, 141980 Dubna, Russia</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>M Dracos</name><affiliations><json:string>IPHC, Universit Louis Pasteur, CNRS/IN2P3, 67037 Strasbourg, France</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>D Duchesneau</name><affiliations><json:string>LAPP, Universit de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, 74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>B Dulach</name><affiliations><json:string>Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati dell'INFN, 00044 Frascati (Roma), Italy</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>S Dusini</name><affiliations><json:string>Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Universit di Padova and INFN, 35131 Padova, Italy</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>J Ebert</name><affiliations><json:string>Hamburg University, 22043 Hamburg, Germany</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>R Enikeev</name><affiliations><json:string>INR-Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 117312 Moscow, Russia</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>A Ereditato</name><affiliations><json:string>University of Bern, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland</json:string><json:string>E-mail:antonio.ereditato@cern.ch</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>L S Esposito</name><affiliations><json:string>Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso dell'INFN, 67010 Assergi (L'Aquila), Italy</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>C Fanin</name><affiliations><json:string>Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Universit di Padova and INFN, 35131 Padova, Italy</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>J Favier</name><affiliations><json:string>LAPP, Universit de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, 74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>G Felici</name><affiliations><json:string>Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati dell'INFN, 00044 Frascati (Roma), Italy</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>T Ferber</name><affiliations><json:string>Hamburg University, 22043 Hamburg, Germany</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>L Fournier</name><affiliations><json:string>LAPP, Universit de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, 74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, 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Spaeti</name><affiliations><json:string>University of Bern, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>M Spinetti</name><affiliations><json:string>Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati dell'INFN, 00044 Frascati (Roma), Italy</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>L Stanco</name><affiliations><json:string>Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Universit di Padova and INFN, 35131 Padova, Italy</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>N Starkov</name><affiliations><json:string>LPI-Lebedev Physical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 117924 Moscow, Russia</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>M Stipcevic</name><affiliations><json:string>IRB-Rudjer Boskovic Institute, 10002 Zagreb, Croatia</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>P Strolin</name><affiliations><json:string>Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Universit Federico II di Napoli and INFN, 80125 Napoli, 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80125 Napoli, Italy</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>I Tikhomirov</name><affiliations><json:string>ITEP-Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics, 117259 Moscow, Russia</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>P Tolun</name><affiliations><json:string>METU-Middle East Technical University, TR-06531 Ankara, Turkey</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>T Toshito</name><affiliations><json:string>Nagoya University, 464-01 Nagoya, Japan</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>V Tsarev</name><affiliations><json:string>LPI-Lebedev Physical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 117924 Moscow, Russia</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>R Tsenov</name><affiliations><json:string>Faculty of Physics, Sofia University St. Kliment Ohridski, 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>U Ugolino</name><affiliations><json:string>Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Universit Federico II di Napoli and INFN, 80125 Napoli, Italy</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>N Ushida</name><affiliations><json:string>Aichi University of Education, 448 Kariya (Aichi-Ken), Japan</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>G Van Beek</name><affiliations><json:string>IIHE-Inter-University Institute for High Energies, Universit Libre de Bruxelles, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>V Verguilov</name><affiliations><json:string>Faculty of Physics, Sofia University St. Kliment Ohridski, 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>P Vilain</name><affiliations><json:string>IIHE-Inter-University Institute for High Energies, Universit Libre de Bruxelles, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>L Votano</name><affiliations><json:string>Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati dell'INFN, 00044 Frascati (Roma), Italy</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>J L Vuilleumier</name><affiliations><json:string>Universit de Neuchtel, CH 2000 Neuchtel, Switzerland</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>T Waelchli</name><affiliations><json:string>University of Bern, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>R Waldi</name><affiliations><json:string>Fachbereich Physik der Universitt Rostock, 18051 Rostock, Germany</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>M Weber</name><affiliations><json:string>University of Bern, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>G Wilquet</name><affiliations><json:string>IIHE-Inter-University Institute for High Energies, Universit Libre de Bruxelles, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>B Wonsak</name><affiliations><json:string>Hamburg University, 22043 Hamburg, Germany</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>R Wurth</name><affiliations><json:string>Fachbereich Physik der Universitt Rostock, 18051 Rostock, Germany</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>J Wurtz</name><affiliations><json:string>IPHC, Universit Louis Pasteur, CNRS/IN2P3, 67037 Strasbourg, France</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>V Yakushev</name><affiliations><json:string>INR-Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 117312 Moscow, Russia</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>C S Yoon</name><affiliations><json:string>Gyeongsang National University, 900 Gazwa-dong, Jinju 660-300, Korea</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Y Zaitsev</name><affiliations><json:string>ITEP-Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics, 117259 Moscow, Russia</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>I Zamboni</name><affiliations><json:string>IRB-Rudjer Boskovic Institute, 10002 Zagreb, Croatia</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>R Zimmermann</name><affiliations><json:string>Hamburg University, 22043 Hamburg, Germany</json:string></affiliations></json:item></author><language><json:string>eng</json:string></language><abstract>The OPERA neutrino detector at the underground Gran Sasso Laboratory (LNGS) was designed to perform the first detection of neutrino oscillations in appearance mode, through the study of oscillations. The apparatus consists of a lead/emulsion-film target complemented by electronic detectors. It is placed in the high-energy, long-baseline CERN to LNGS beam (CNGS) 730km away from the neutrino source. In August 2006, a first run with CNGS neutrinos was successfully conducted. A first sample of neutrino events was collected, statistically consistent with the integrated beam intensity. After a brief description of the beam and of the various sub-detectors, we report on the achievement of this milestone, presenting the first data and some analysis results.</abstract><qualityIndicators><score>6.856</score><pdfVersion>1.4</pdfVersion><pdfPageSize>595 x 841 pts</pdfPageSize><refBibsNative>true</refBibsNative><keywordCount>0</keywordCount><abstractCharCount>759</abstractCharCount><pdfWordCount>5338</pdfWordCount><pdfCharCount>30250</pdfCharCount><pdfPageCount>14</pdfPageCount><abstractWordCount>113</abstractWordCount></qualityIndicators><title>First events from the CNGS neutrino beam detected in the OPERA experiment</title><pii><json:string>S1367-2630(06)37197-2</json:string></pii><genre><json:string>article</json:string></genre><host><volume>8</volume><pages><total>1</total><last>303</last><first>303</first></pages><issn><json:string>1367-2630</json:string></issn><issue>12</issue><genre></genre><language><json:string>unknown</json:string></language><eissn><json:string>1367-2630</json:string></eissn><title>New Journal of Physics</title></host><publicationDate>2006</publicationDate><copyrightDate>2006</copyrightDate><doi><json:string>10.1088/1367-2630/8/12/303</json:string></doi><id>F9F549C1ADBC5F41E17FA17EEEFC56B6154E218F</id><fulltext><json:item><original>true</original><mimetype>application/pdf</mimetype><extension>pdf</extension><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/F9F549C1ADBC5F41E17FA17EEEFC56B6154E218F/fulltext/pdf</uri></json:item><json:item><original>false</original><mimetype>application/zip</mimetype><extension>zip</extension><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/F9F549C1ADBC5F41E17FA17EEEFC56B6154E218F/fulltext/zip</uri></json:item><istex:fulltextTEI uri="https://api.istex.fr/document/F9F549C1ADBC5F41E17FA17EEEFC56B6154E218F/fulltext/tei"><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title level="a">First events from the CNGS neutrino beam detected in the OPERA experiment</title></titleStmt><publicationStmt><authority>ISTEX</authority><publisher>Institute of Physics Publishing</publisher><availability><p>IOP</p></availability><date>2006</date></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct type="inbook"><analytic><title level="a">First events from the CNGS neutrino beam detected in the OPERA experiment</title><author><persName><forename type="first">R</forename><surname>Acquafredda</surname></persName><affiliation>Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Universit Federico II di Napoli and INFN, 80125 Napoli, Italy</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">N</forename><surname>Agafonova</surname></persName><affiliation>INR-Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 117312 Moscow, Russia</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">M</forename><surname>Ambrosio</surname></persName><affiliation>Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Universit Federico II di Napoli and INFN, 80125 Napoli, Italy</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">A</forename><surname>Anokhina</surname></persName><affiliation>SINP MSU-Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics of Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">S</forename><surname>Aoki</surname></persName><affiliation>Kobe University, 657 Kobe, Japan</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">A</forename><surname>Ariga</surname></persName><affiliation>Nagoya University, 464-01 Nagoya, Japan</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">L</forename><surname>Arrabito</surname></persName><affiliation>IPNL, Universit Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS/IN2P3, 69622 Villeurbanne, France</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">D</forename><surname>Autiero</surname></persName><affiliation>IPNL, Universit Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS/IN2P3, 69622 Villeurbanne, France</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">A</forename><surname>Badertscher</surname></persName><affiliation>ETH-Eidgenssische Technische Hochschulen Zrich, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">E</forename><surname>Baussan</surname></persName><affiliation>Universit de Neuchtel, CH 2000 Neuchtel, Switzerland</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">A</forename><surname>Bergnoli</surname></persName><affiliation>Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Universit di Padova and INFN, 35131 Padova, Italy</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">F</forename><surname>Bersani Greggio</surname></persName><affiliation>Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati dell'INFN, 00044 Frascati (Roma), Italy</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">M</forename><surname>Besnier</surname></persName><affiliation>LAPP, Universit de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, 74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">M</forename><surname>Beyer</surname></persName><affiliation>Fachbereich Physik der Universitt Rostock, 18051 Rostock, Germany</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">S</forename><surname>Bondil-Blin</surname></persName><affiliation>LAL, Universit Paris-Sud 11, CNRS/IN2P3, 91898 Orsay, France</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">K</forename><surname>Borer</surname></persName><affiliation>University of Bern, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">J</forename><surname>Boucrot</surname></persName><affiliation>LAL, Universit Paris-Sud 11, CNRS/IN2P3, 91898 Orsay, France</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">V</forename><surname>Boyarkin</surname></persName><affiliation>INR-Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 117312 Moscow, Russia</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename 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France</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">B</forename><surname>Carlus</surname></persName><affiliation>IPNL, Universit Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS/IN2P3, 69622 Villeurbanne, France</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">E</forename><surname>Carrara</surname></persName><affiliation>Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Universit di Padova and INFN, 35131 Padova, Italy</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">A</forename><surname>Cazes</surname></persName><affiliation>Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati dell'INFN, 00044 Frascati (Roma), Italy</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">L</forename><surname>Chaussard</surname></persName><affiliation>IPNL, Universit Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS/IN2P3, 69622 Villeurbanne, France</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">M</forename><surname>Chernyavsky</surname></persName><affiliation>LPI-Lebedev Physical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 117924 Moscow, Russia</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">V</forename><surname>Chiarella</surname></persName><affiliation>Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati dell'INFN, 00044 Frascati (Roma), Italy</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">N</forename><surname>Chon-Sen</surname></persName><affiliation>IPHC, Universit Louis Pasteur, CNRS/IN2P3, 67037 Strasbourg, France</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">A</forename><surname>Chukanov</surname></persName><affiliation>JINR-Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, 141980 Dubna, Russia</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">R</forename><surname>Ciesielski</surname></persName><affiliation>Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Universit di Padova and INFN, 35131 Padova, Italy</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">L</forename><surname>Consiglio</surname></persName><affiliation>Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Universit di Bologna and INFN, 40127 Bologna, Italy</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">M</forename><surname>Cozzi</surname></persName><affiliation>Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Universit di Bologna and INFN, 40127 Bologna, Italy</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">F</forename><surname>Dal Corso</surname></persName><affiliation>Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Universit di Padova and INFN, 35131 Padova, Italy</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">N</forename><surname>D'Ambrosio</surname></persName><affiliation>Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso dell'INFN, 67010 Assergi (L'Aquila), Italy</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">J</forename><surname>Damet</surname></persName><affiliation>LAPP, Universit de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, 74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">G</forename><surname>De Lellis</surname></persName><affiliation>Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Universit Federico II di Napoli and INFN, 80125 Napoli, Italy</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">Y</forename><surname>Dclais</surname></persName><affiliation>IPNL, Universit Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS/IN2P3, 69622 Villeurbanne, France</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">T</forename><surname>Descombes</surname></persName><affiliation>IPNL, Universit Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS/IN2P3, 69622 Villeurbanne, France</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">M</forename><surname>De Serio</surname></persName><affiliation>Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Universit di Bari and INFN, 70126 Bari, Italy</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">F</forename><surname>Di Capua</surname></persName><affiliation>Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Universit Federico II di Napoli and INFN, 80125 Napoli, Italy</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">D</forename><surname>Di Ferdinando</surname></persName><affiliation>Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Universit di Bologna and INFN, 40127 Bologna, Italy</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">A</forename><surname>Di Giovanni</surname></persName><affiliation>Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Universit dell'Aquila and INFN, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">N</forename><surname>Di Marco</surname></persName><affiliation>Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Universit dell'Aquila and INFN, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">C</forename><surname>Di Troia</surname></persName><affiliation>Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati dell'INFN, 00044 Frascati (Roma), Italy</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">S</forename><surname>Dmitrievski</surname></persName><affiliation>JINR-Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, 141980 Dubna, Russia</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">M</forename><surname>Dracos</surname></persName><affiliation>IPHC, Universit Louis Pasteur, CNRS/IN2P3, 67037 Strasbourg, France</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">D</forename><surname>Duchesneau</surname></persName><affiliation>LAPP, Universit de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, 74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">B</forename><surname>Dulach</surname></persName><affiliation>Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati dell'INFN, 00044 Frascati (Roma), Italy</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">S</forename><surname>Dusini</surname></persName><affiliation>Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Universit di Padova and INFN, 35131 Padova, Italy</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">J</forename><surname>Ebert</surname></persName><affiliation>Hamburg University, 22043 Hamburg, Germany</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">R</forename><surname>Enikeev</surname></persName><affiliation>INR-Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 117312 Moscow, Russia</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">A</forename><surname>Ereditato</surname></persName><affiliation>University of Bern, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland</affiliation><affiliation>E-mail:antonio.ereditato@cern.ch</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">L S</forename><surname>Esposito</surname></persName><affiliation>Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso dell'INFN, 67010 Assergi (L'Aquila), Italy</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">C</forename><surname>Fanin</surname></persName><affiliation>Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Universit di Padova and INFN, 35131 Padova, Italy</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">J</forename><surname>Favier</surname></persName><affiliation>LAPP, Universit de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, 74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">G</forename><surname>Felici</surname></persName><affiliation>Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati dell'INFN, 00044 Frascati (Roma), Italy</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">T</forename><surname>Ferber</surname></persName><affiliation>Hamburg University, 22043 Hamburg, Germany</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">L</forename><surname>Fournier</surname></persName><affiliation>LAPP, Universit de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, 74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">A</forename><surname>Franceschi</surname></persName><affiliation>Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati dell'INFN, 00044 Frascati (Roma), Italy</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">D</forename><surname>Frekers</surname></persName><affiliation>University of Mnster, 48149 Mnster, Germany</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">T</forename><surname>Fukuda</surname></persName><affiliation>Nagoya University, 464-01 Nagoya, Japan</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">C</forename><surname>Fukushima</surname></persName><affiliation>Toho University, 274-8510 Funabashi, Japan</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">V I</forename><surname>Galkin</surname></persName><affiliation>SINP MSU-Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics of Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">V A</forename><surname>Galkin</surname></persName><affiliation>Obninsk State University, Institute of Nuclear Power Engineering, 249020 Obninsk, Russia</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">R</forename><surname>Gallet</surname></persName><affiliation>LAPP, Universit de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, 74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">A</forename><surname>Garfagnini</surname></persName><affiliation>Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Universit di Padova and INFN, 35131 Padova, Italy</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">G</forename><surname>Gaudiot</surname></persName><affiliation>IPHC, Universit Louis Pasteur, CNRS/IN2P3, 67037 Strasbourg, France</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">G</forename><surname>Giacomelli</surname></persName><affiliation>Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Universit di Bologna and INFN, 40127 Bologna, Italy</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">O</forename><surname>Giarmana</surname></persName><affiliation>IPNL, Universit Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS/IN2P3, 69622 Villeurbanne, France</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">M</forename><surname>Giorgini</surname></persName><affiliation>Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Universit di Bologna and INFN, 40127 Bologna, Italy</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">L</forename><surname>Girard</surname></persName><affiliation>IPNL, Universit Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS/IN2P3, 69622 Villeurbanne, France</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">C</forename><surname>Girerd</surname></persName><affiliation>IPNL, Universit Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS/IN2P3, 69622 Villeurbanne, France</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">C</forename><surname>Goellnitz</surname></persName><affiliation>Hamburg University, 22043 Hamburg, Germany</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">J</forename><surname>Goldberg</surname></persName><affiliation>Department of Physics, Technion, 32000 Haifa, Israel</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">Y</forename><surname>Gornoushkin</surname></persName><affiliation>JINR-Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, 141980 Dubna, Russia</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">G</forename><surname>Grella</surname></persName><affiliation>Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Universit di Salerno and INFN, 84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">F</forename><surname>Grianti</surname></persName><affiliation>Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati dell'INFN, 00044 Frascati (Roma), Italy</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">C</forename><surname>Guerin</surname></persName><affiliation>IPNL, Universit Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS/IN2P3, 69622 Villeurbanne, France</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">M</forename><surname>Guler</surname></persName><affiliation>METU-Middle East Technical University, TR-06531 Ankara, Turkey</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">C</forename><surname>Gustavino</surname></persName><affiliation>Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso dell'INFN, 67010 Assergi (L'Aquila), Italy</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">C</forename><surname>Hagner</surname></persName><affiliation>Hamburg University, 22043 Hamburg, Germany</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">T</forename><surname>Hamane</surname></persName><affiliation>LAPP, Universit de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, 74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">T</forename><surname>Hara</surname></persName><affiliation>Kobe University, 657 Kobe, Japan</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">M</forename><surname>Hauger</surname></persName><affiliation>Universit de Neuchtel, CH 2000 Neuchtel, Switzerland</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">M</forename><surname>Hess</surname></persName><affiliation>University of Bern, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">K</forename><surname>Hoshino</surname></persName><affiliation>Nagoya University, 464-01 Nagoya, Japan</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">M</forename><surname>Ieva</surname></persName><affiliation>Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Universit di Bari and INFN, 70126 Bari, Italy</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">M</forename><surname>Incurvati</surname></persName><affiliation>Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati dell'INFN, 00044 Frascati (Roma), Italy</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">K</forename><surname>Jakovcic</surname></persName><affiliation>IRB-Rudjer Boskovic Institute, 10002 Zagreb, Croatia</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">J</forename><surname>Janicsko Csathy</surname></persName><affiliation>Universit de Neuchtel, CH 2000 Neuchtel, Switzerland</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">B</forename><surname>Janutta</surname></persName><affiliation>Hamburg University, 22043 Hamburg, Germany</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">C</forename><surname>Jollet</surname></persName><affiliation>IPHC, Universit Louis Pasteur, CNRS/IN2P3, 67037 Strasbourg, France</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">F</forename><surname>Juget</surname></persName><affiliation>Universit de Neuchtel, CH 2000 Neuchtel, Switzerland</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">M</forename><surname>Kazuyama</surname></persName><affiliation>Nagoya University, 464-01 Nagoya, Japan</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">S H</forename><surname>Kim</surname></persName><affiliation>Gyeongsang National University, 900 Gazwa-dong, Jinju 660-300, Korea</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">M</forename><surname>Kimura</surname></persName><affiliation>Toho University, 274-8510 Funabashi, Japan</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">J</forename><surname>Knuesel</surname></persName><affiliation>University of Bern, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">K</forename><surname>Kodama</surname></persName><affiliation>Aichi University of Education, 448 Kariya (Aichi-Ken), Japan</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">D</forename><surname>Kolev</surname></persName><affiliation>Faculty of Physics, Sofia University St. Kliment Ohridski, 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">M</forename><surname>Komatsu</surname></persName><affiliation>Nagoya University, 464-01 Nagoya, Japan</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">U</forename><surname>Kose</surname></persName><affiliation>METU-Middle East Technical University, TR-06531 Ankara, Turkey</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">A</forename><surname>Krasnoperov</surname></persName><affiliation>JINR-Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, 141980 Dubna, Russia</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">I</forename><surname>Kreslo</surname></persName><affiliation>University of Bern, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">Z</forename><surname>Krumstein</surname></persName><affiliation>JINR-Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, 141980 Dubna, Russia</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">I</forename><surname>Laktineh</surname></persName><affiliation>IPNL, Universit Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS/IN2P3, 69622 Villeurbanne, France</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">C</forename><surname>de La Taille</surname></persName><affiliation>LAL, Universit Paris-Sud 11, CNRS/IN2P3, 91898 Orsay, France</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">T</forename><surname>Le Flour</surname></persName><affiliation>LAPP, Universit de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, 74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">S</forename><surname>Lieunard</surname></persName><affiliation>LAPP, Universit de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, 74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">A</forename><surname>Ljubicic</surname></persName><affiliation>IRB-Rudjer Boskovic Institute, 10002 Zagreb, Croatia</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">A</forename><surname>Longhin</surname></persName><affiliation>Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Universit di Padova and INFN, 35131 Padova, Italy</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">A</forename><surname>Malgin</surname></persName><affiliation>INR-Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 117312 Moscow, Russia</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename 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France</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">V</forename><surname>Yakushev</surname></persName><affiliation>INR-Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 117312 Moscow, Russia</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">C S</forename><surname>Yoon</surname></persName><affiliation>Gyeongsang National University, 900 Gazwa-dong, Jinju 660-300, Korea</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">Y</forename><surname>Zaitsev</surname></persName><affiliation>ITEP-Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics, 117259 Moscow, Russia</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">I</forename><surname>Zamboni</surname></persName><affiliation>IRB-Rudjer Boskovic Institute, 10002 Zagreb, Croatia</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">R</forename><surname>Zimmermann</surname></persName><affiliation>Hamburg University, 22043 Hamburg, Germany</affiliation></author></analytic><monogr><title level="j">New Journal of Physics</title><title level="j" type="abbrev">New J. Phys.</title><idno type="pISSN">1367-2630</idno><idno type="eISSN">1367-2630</idno><imprint><publisher>Institute of Physics Publishing</publisher><date type="published" when="2006"></date><biblScope unit="volume">8</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">12</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="303">303</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="303">303</biblScope><biblScope unit="production"></biblScope></imprint></monogr><idno type="istex">F9F549C1ADBC5F41E17FA17EEEFC56B6154E218F</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1088/1367-2630/8/12/303</idno><idno type="PII">S1367-2630(06)37197-2</idno><idno type="articleID">237197</idno></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><creation><date>2006</date></creation><langUsage><language ident="en">en</language></langUsage><abstract><p>The OPERA neutrino detector at the underground Gran Sasso Laboratory (LNGS) was designed to perform the first detection of neutrino oscillations in appearance mode, through the study of oscillations. The apparatus consists of a lead/emulsion-film target complemented by electronic detectors. It is placed in the high-energy, long-baseline CERN to LNGS beam (CNGS) 730km away from the neutrino source. In August 2006, a first run with CNGS neutrinos was successfully conducted. A first sample of neutrino events was collected, statistically consistent with the integrated beam intensity. After a brief description of the beam and of the various sub-detectors, we report on the achievement of this milestone, presenting the first data and some analysis results.</p></abstract></profileDesc><revisionDesc><change when="2006">Published</change></revisionDesc></teiHeader></istex:fulltextTEI><json:item><original>false</original><mimetype>text/plain</mimetype><extension>txt</extension><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/F9F549C1ADBC5F41E17FA17EEEFC56B6154E218F/fulltext/txt</uri></json:item></fulltext><metadata><istex:metadataXml wicri:clean="corpus iop not found" wicri:toSee="no header"><istex:xmlDeclaration>version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"</istex:xmlDeclaration><istex:docType SYSTEM="http://ej.iop.org/dtd/iopv1_5_1.dtd" name="istex:docType"></istex:docType><istex:document><article artid="nj237197"><article-metadata><jnl-data jnlid="nj"><jnl-fullname>New Journal of Physics</jnl-fullname><jnl-abbreviation>New J. Phys.</jnl-abbreviation><jnl-shortname>NJP</jnl-shortname><jnl-issn>1367-2630</jnl-issn><jnl-coden>NJOPFM</jnl-coden><jnl-imprint>Institute of Physics Publishing</jnl-imprint><jnl-web-address>stacks.iop.org/NJP</jnl-web-address></jnl-data><volume-data><year-publication>2006</year-publication><volume-number>8</volume-number></volume-data><issue-data><issue-number>12</issue-number><coverdate>December 2006</coverdate></issue-data><article-data><article-type type="paper" sort="regular"></article-type><type-number type="paper">303</type-number><article-number>237197</article-number><first-page>303</first-page><last-page>303</last-page><length>1</length><pii>S1367-2630(06)37197-2</pii><doi>10.1088/1367-2630/8/12/303</doi><copyright>IOP Publishing and Deutsche Physikalische Gesellschaft</copyright><ccc>1367-2630/06/010303+14$30.00</ccc><printed></printed></article-data></article-metadata><header><title-group><title>First events from the CNGS neutrino beam detected in the OPERA experiment</title><short-title>First events from the CNGS neutrino beam detected in the OPERA experiment</short-title><ej-title>First events from the CNGS neutrino beam detected in the OPERA experiment</ej-title></title-group><author-group><author address="nj237197ad1"><first-names>R</first-names><second-name>Acquafredda</second-name></author><author address="nj237197ad2"><first-names>N</first-names><second-name>Agafonova</second-name></author><author address="nj237197ad1"><first-names>M</first-names><second-name>Ambrosio</second-name></author><author address="nj237197ad3"><first-names>A</first-names><second-name>Anokhina</second-name></author><author address="nj237197ad4"><first-names>S</first-names><second-name>Aoki</second-name></author><author address="nj237197ad5"><first-names>A</first-names><second-name>Ariga</second-name></author><author address="nj237197ad6"><first-names>L</first-names><second-name>Arrabito</second-name></author><author address="nj237197ad6"><first-names>D</first-names><second-name>Autiero</second-name></author><author address="nj237197ad7"><first-names>A</first-names><second-name>Badertscher</second-name></author><author address="nj237197ad28"><first-names>E</first-names><second-name>Baussan</second-name></author><author address="nj237197ad8"><first-names>A</first-names><second-name>Bergnoli</second-name></author><author address="nj237197ad9"><first-names>F</first-names><second-name>Bersani Greggio</second-name></author><author address="nj237197ad10"><first-names>M</first-names><second-name>Besnier</second-name></author><author address="nj237197ad11"><first-names>M</first-names><second-name>Beyer</second-name></author><author address="nj237197ad12"><first-names>S</first-names><second-name>Bondil-Blin</second-name></author><author address="nj237197ad13"><first-names>K</first-names><second-name>Borer</second-name></author><author 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address="nj237197ad9"><first-names>M</first-names><second-name>Incurvati</second-name></author><author address="nj237197ad29"><first-names>K</first-names><second-name>Jakovcic</second-name></author><author address="nj237197ad28"><first-names>J</first-names><second-name>Janicsko Csathy</second-name></author><author address="nj237197ad22"><first-names>B</first-names><second-name>Janutta</second-name></author><author address="nj237197ad16"><first-names>C</first-names><second-name>Jollet</second-name></author><author address="nj237197ad28"><first-names>F</first-names><second-name>Juget</second-name></author><author address="nj237197ad5"><first-names>M</first-names><second-name>Kazuyama</second-name></author><author address="nj237197ad30"><first-names>S H</first-names><second-name>Kim</second-name></author><author address="nj237197ad24"><first-names>M</first-names><second-name>Kimura</second-name></author><author 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address="nj237197ad14"><first-names>C</first-names><second-name>Sirignano</second-name></author><author address="nj237197ad18"><first-names>G</first-names><second-name>Sirri</second-name></author><author address="nj237197ad30"><first-names>J S</first-names><second-name>Song</second-name></author><author address="nj237197ad13"><first-names>R</first-names><second-name>Spaeti</second-name></author><author address="nj237197ad9"><first-names>M</first-names><second-name>Spinetti</second-name></author><author address="nj237197ad8"><first-names>L</first-names><second-name>Stanco</second-name></author><author address="nj237197ad15"><first-names>N</first-names><second-name>Starkov</second-name></author><author address="nj237197ad29"><first-names>M</first-names><second-name>Stipcevic</second-name></author><author address="nj237197ad1"><first-names>P</first-names><second-name>Strolin</second-name></author><author address="nj237197ad8"><first-names>V</first-names><second-name>Sugonyaev</second-name></author><author address="nj237197ad5"><first-names>S</first-names><second-name>Takahashi</second-name></author><author address="nj237197ad17"><first-names>V</first-names><second-name>Tereschenko</second-name></author><author address="nj237197ad9"><first-names>F</first-names><second-name>Terranova</second-name></author><author address="nj237197ad35"><first-names>I</first-names><second-name>Tezuka</second-name></author><author address="nj237197ad1"><first-names>V</first-names><second-name>Tioukov</second-name></author><author address="nj237197ad36"><first-names>I</first-names><second-name>Tikhomirov</second-name></author><author address="nj237197ad27"><first-names>P</first-names><second-name>Tolun</second-name></author><author address="nj237197ad5"><first-names>T</first-names><second-name>Toshito</second-name></author><author address="nj237197ad15"><first-names>V</first-names><second-name>Tsarev</second-name></author><author address="nj237197ad32"><first-names>R</first-names><second-name>Tsenov</second-name></author><author address="nj237197ad1"><first-names>U</first-names><second-name>Ugolino</second-name></author><author address="nj237197ad31"><first-names>N</first-names><second-name>Ushida</second-name></author><author address="nj237197ad37"><first-names>G</first-names><second-name>Van Beek</second-name></author><author address="nj237197ad32"><first-names>V</first-names><second-name>Verguilov</second-name></author><author address="nj237197ad37"><first-names>P</first-names><second-name>Vilain</second-name></author><author address="nj237197ad9"><first-names>L</first-names><second-name>Votano</second-name></author><author address="nj237197ad28"><first-names>J L</first-names><second-name>Vuilleumier</second-name></author><author address="nj237197ad13"><first-names>T</first-names><second-name>Waelchli</second-name></author><author address="nj237197ad11"><first-names>R</first-names><second-name>Waldi</second-name></author><author address="nj237197ad13"><first-names>M</first-names><second-name>Weber</second-name></author><author address="nj237197ad37"><first-names>G</first-names><second-name>Wilquet</second-name></author><author address="nj237197ad22"><first-names>B</first-names><second-name>Wonsak</second-name></author><author address="nj237197ad11"><first-names>R</first-names><second-name>Wurth</second-name></author><author address="nj237197ad16"><first-names>J</first-names><second-name>Wurtz</second-name></author><author address="nj237197ad2"><first-names>V</first-names><second-name>Yakushev</second-name></author><author address="nj237197ad30"><first-names>C S</first-names><second-name>Yoon</second-name></author><author address="nj237197ad36"><first-names>Y</first-names><second-name>Zaitsev</second-name></author><author address="nj237197ad29"><first-names>I</first-names><second-name>Zamboni</second-name></author><author address="nj237197ad22"><first-names>R</first-names><second-name>Zimmermann</second-name></author><short-author-list>Dr R Acquafredda <italic>et al</italic></short-author-list></author-group><address-group><address id="nj237197ad1" showid="yes"><orgname>Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Università Federico II di Napoli and INFN</orgname>, 80125 Napoli, <country>Italy</country></address><address id="nj237197ad2" showid="yes"><orgname>INR-Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences</orgname>, 117312 Moscow, <country>Russia</country></address><address id="nj237197ad3" showid="yes"><orgname>SINP MSU-Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics of Moscow State University</orgname>, 119992 Moscow, <country>Russia</country></address><address id="nj237197ad4" showid="yes"><orgname>Kobe University</orgname>, 657 Kobe, <country>Japan</country></address><address id="nj237197ad5" showid="yes"><orgname>Nagoya University</orgname>, 464-01 Nagoya, <country>Japan</country></address><address id="nj237197ad6" showid="yes">IPNL, <orgname>Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1</orgname>, CNRS/IN2P3, 69622 Villeurbanne, <country>France</country></address><address id="nj237197ad7" showid="yes"><orgname>ETH-Eidgenössische Technische Hochschulen Zürich</orgname>, CH-8092 Zurich, <country>Switzerland</country></address><address id="nj237197ad8" showid="yes"><orgname>Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Università di Padova and INFN</orgname>, 35131 Padova, <country>Italy</country></address><address id="nj237197ad9" showid="yes"><orgname>Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati dell'INFN</orgname>, 00044 Frascati (Roma), <country>Italy</country></address><address id="nj237197ad10" showid="yes">LAPP, <orgname>Université de Savoie</orgname>, CNRS/IN2P3, 74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, <country>France</country></address><address id="nj237197ad11" showid="yes"><orgname>Fachbereich Physik der Universität Rostock</orgname>, 18051 Rostock, <country>Germany</country></address><address id="nj237197ad12" showid="yes">LAL, <orgname>Université Paris-Sud 11</orgname>, CNRS/IN2P3, 91898 Orsay, <country>France</country></address><address id="nj237197ad13" showid="yes"><orgname>University of Bern</orgname>, CH-3012 Bern, <country>Switzerland</country></address><address id="nj237197ad14" showid="yes"><orgname>Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Università di Salerno and INFN</orgname>, 84084 Fisciano, Salerno, <country>Italy</country></address><address id="nj237197ad15" showid="yes"><orgname>LPI-Lebedev Physical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences</orgname>, 117924 Moscow, <country>Russia</country></address><address id="nj237197ad16" showid="yes">IPHC, <orgname>Université Louis Pasteur</orgname>, CNRS/IN2P3, 67037 Strasbourg, <country>France</country></address><address id="nj237197ad17" showid="yes"><orgname>JINR-Joint Institute for Nuclear Research</orgname>, 141980 Dubna, <country>Russia</country></address><address id="nj237197ad18" showid="yes"><orgname>Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Università di Bologna and INFN</orgname>, 40127 Bologna, <country>Italy</country></address><address id="nj237197ad19" showid="yes"><orgname>Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso dell'INFN</orgname>, 67010 Assergi (L'Aquila), <country>Italy</country></address><address id="nj237197ad20" showid="yes"><orgname>Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Università di Bari and INFN</orgname>, 70126 Bari, <country>Italy</country></address><address id="nj237197ad21" showid="yes"><orgname>Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Università dell'Aquila and INFN</orgname>, 67100 L'Aquila, <country>Italy</country></address><address id="nj237197ad22" showid="yes"><orgname>Hamburg University</orgname>, 22043 Hamburg, <country>Germany</country></address><address id="nj237197ad23" showid="yes"><orgname>University of Münster</orgname>, 48149 Münster, <country>Germany</country></address><address id="nj237197ad24" showid="yes"><orgname>Toho University</orgname>, 274-8510 Funabashi, <country>Japan</country></address><address id="nj237197ad25" showid="yes"><orgname>Obninsk State University</orgname>, Institute of Nuclear Power Engineering, 249020 Obninsk, <country>Russia</country></address><address id="nj237197ad26" showid="yes"><orgname>Department of Physics</orgname>, Technion, 32000 Haifa, <country>Israel</country></address><address id="nj237197ad27" showid="yes"><orgname>METU-Middle East Technical University</orgname>, TR-06531 Ankara, <country>Turkey</country></address><address id="nj237197ad28" showid="yes"><orgname>Université de Neuchâtel</orgname>, CH 2000 Neuchâtel, <country>Switzerland</country></address><address id="nj237197ad29" showid="yes"><orgname>IRB-Rudjer Boskovic Institute</orgname>, 10002 Zagreb, <country>Croatia</country></address><address id="nj237197ad30" showid="yes"><orgname>Gyeongsang National University</orgname>, 900 Gazwa-dong, Jinju 660-300, <country>Korea</country></address><address id="nj237197ad31" showid="yes"><orgname>Aichi University of Education</orgname>, 448 Kariya (Aichi-Ken), <country>Japan</country></address><address id="nj237197ad32" showid="yes">Faculty of Physics, <orgname>Sofia University ‘St. Kliment Ohridski’</orgname>, 1000 Sofia, <country>Bulgaria</country></address><address id="nj237197ad33" showid="yes"><orgname>UPNHE-Unité de de Physique Nucléaire et des Hautes Energies</orgname>, 1060 Tunis, <country>Tunisia</country></address><address id="nj237197ad34" showid="yes"><orgname>Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Università di Roma ‘La Sapienza’ and INFN</orgname>, 00185 Roma, <country>Italy</country></address><address id="nj237197ad35" showid="yes"><orgname>Utsunomiya University</orgname>, 320 Tochigi-Ken, Utsunomiya, <country>Japan</country></address><address id="nj237197ad36" showid="yes"><orgname>ITEP-Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics</orgname>, 117259 Moscow, <country>Russia</country></address><address id="nj237197ad37" showid="yes">IIHE-Inter-University Institute for High Energies, <orgname>Université Libre de Bruxelles</orgname>, B-1050 Brussels, <country>Belgium</country></address><e-address id="nj237197ea1"><email mailto="antonio.ereditato@cern.ch">antonio.ereditato@cern.ch</email></e-address></address-group><history received="13 September 2006" online="5 December 2006"></history><abstract-group><abstract><heading>Abstract</heading><p indent="no">The OPERA neutrino detector at the underground Gran Sasso Laboratory (LNGS) was designed to perform the first detection of neutrino oscillations in appearance mode, through the study of ν<sub>μ</sub> → ν<sub>τ</sub> oscillations. The apparatus consists of a lead/emulsion-film target complemented by electronic detectors. It is placed in the high-energy, long-baseline CERN to LNGS beam (CNGS) 730 km away from the neutrino source. In August 2006, a first run with CNGS neutrinos was successfully conducted. A first sample of neutrino events was collected, statistically consistent with the integrated beam intensity. After a brief description of the beam and of the various sub-detectors, we report on the achievement of this milestone, presenting the first data and some analysis results.</p></abstract></abstract-group></header><body refstyle="numeric"><sec-level1 id="nj237197s1" label="1"><heading>Introduction</heading><p indent="no">The solution of the long-standing solar and atmospheric neutrino puzzles has come from the hypothesis of neutrino oscillations. This implies that neutrinos have nonvanishing and not degenerate masses, and that their flavour eigenstates involved in weak interaction processes are a superposition of their mass eigenstates [<cite linkend="nj237197bib1">1</cite>].</p><p>Several key experiments conducted in the last few decades with solar neutrinos (see [<cite linkend="nj237197bib2">2</cite>] for a review), and with atmospheric, reactor and accelerator neutrinos, have contributed to build-up our present understanding of neutrino mixing. Atmospheric neutrino oscillations, in particular, have been studied by the Super-Kamiokande [<cite linkend="nj237197bib3">3</cite>], Kamiokande [<cite linkend="nj237197bib4">4</cite>], MACRO [<cite linkend="nj237197bib5">5</cite>] and SOUDAN2 [<cite linkend="nj237197bib6">6</cite>] experiments. Long baseline experiments confirmed the oscillation hypothesis with accelerator neutrinos: K2K [<cite linkend="nj237197bib7">7</cite>] in Japan and MINOS [<cite linkend="nj237197bib8">8</cite>] in the USA. The CHOOZ [<cite linkend="nj237197bib9">9</cite>] and Palo Verde [<cite linkend="nj237197bib10">10</cite>] reactor experiments excluded the ν<sub>μ</sub>→ν<sub>e</sub> channel as the dominant one in the atmospheric sector.</p><p>However, the direct appearance of a different neutrino flavour is still an important open issue. Long-baseline accelerator neutrino beams can be used to probe the atmospheric neutrino signal and confirm the preferred solution of ν<sub>μ</sub>→ν<sub>τ</sub> oscillations. In this case, the beam energy should be large enough to produce the heavy τ lepton. This is one of the main goals of the OPERA experiment [<cite linkend="nj237197bib11">11</cite>] that uses the long baseline (<italic>L</italic> = 730 km) CNGS neutrino beam [<cite linkend="nj237197bib12">12</cite>] from CERN to LNGS, the largest underground physics laboratory in the world. The challenge of the experiment is to measure the appearance of ν<sub>τ</sub> from ν<sub>μ</sub> oscillations. This requires the detection of the short-lived τ lepton (cτ= 87.11 μ<italic>m</italic>) with high efficiency and low background. The τ is identified by the detection of its characteristic decay topologies, in one prong (electron, muon or hadron) or in three prongs. The τ track is measured with a large-mass sampling-calorimeter made of 1 mm thick lead plates (absorber material) inter-spaced with thin emulsion films (high-accuracy tracking devices). This detector is historically called an emulsion cloud chamber (ECC) [<cite linkend="nj237197bib11">11</cite>]. Among past applications it was successfully used in the DONUT experiment for the first direct observation of the ν<sub>τ</sub> [<cite linkend="nj237197bib13">13</cite>].</p><p>The OPERA detector is made of two identical super modules (SMs) each consisting of a target section of about 900 ton made of lead/emulsion-film ECC modules (bricks), of a scintillator tracker detector, needed to pre-localize neutrino interactions within the target, and of a muon spectrometer.</p><p>The construction of the CNGS beam has been recently completed and a first run took place in August 2006 with good performance of the facility. First data were collected by the OPERA detector still without ECC bricks installed, yielding a preliminary measurement of the beam features along with the collection of a number of neutrino interactions (319) consistent with the integrated beam intensity of 7.6 ×10<sup>17</sup> protons on target (p.o.t.). The OPERA experiment operated very satisfactorily during the run.</p></sec-level1><sec-level1 id="nj237197s2" label="2"><heading>The CNGS beam and the OPERA experiment</heading><p indent="no">The CNGS neutrino beam was designed and optimized for the study of ν<sub>μ</sub>→ν<sub>τ</sub> oscillations in appearance mode, by maximizing the number of charged current (CC) ν<sub>τ</sub> interactions at the LNGS site. A 400 GeV proton beam is extracted from the CERN SPS in 10.5 μs short pulses with design intensity of 2.4 ×10<sup>13</sup> p.o.t. per pulse. The proton beam is transported through the transfer line TT41 to the CNGS target T40 [<cite linkend="nj237197bib12">12</cite>]. The target consists of a series of thin graphite rods helium-cooled. Secondary pions and kaons of positive charge produced in the target are focused into a parallel beam by a system of two magnetic lenses, called horn and reflector. A 1000 m long decay-pipe allows the pions and kaons to decay into muon-neutrinos and muons. The remaining hadrons (protons, pions, kaons, …) are absorbed by an iron beam-dump. The muons are monitored by two sets of detectors downstream of the dump; they measure the muon intensity, the beam profile and its centre. Further downstream the muons are absorbed in the rock while neutrinos continue to travel towards Gran Sasso.</p><p>The average neutrino energy at the LNGS location is ∼17 GeV. The <inline-eqn></inline-eqn> contamination is ∼4%, the ν<sub>e</sub> and <inline-eqn></inline-eqn> contaminations are lower than 1%, while the number of prompt ν<sub>τ</sub> from D<sub>s</sub> decay is negligible. The average L/E<sub>ν</sub> ratio is 43 km GeV<sup>−1</sup>. Due to the Earth's curvature neutrinos from CERN enter the LNGS halls with an angle of about 37deg; with respect to the horizontal plane.</p><p>Assuming a CNGS beam intensity of 4.5 × 10<sup>19</sup> p.o.t. per year and a five year run about 31 000 CC plus neutral current (NC) neutrino events will be collected by OPERA from interactions in the lead-emulsion target. Out of them 95 (214) CC ν<sub>τ</sub> interactions are expected for oscillation parameter values &Dgr;<italic>m</italic><sup>2</sup><sub>23</sub> = 2 × 10<sup>−3</sup> eV<sup>2</sup> (3 × 10<sup>−3</sup> eV<sup>2</sup>) and sin<sup>2</sup> 2&thetas;<sub>23</sub> = 1. Taking into account the overall τ detection efficiency the experiment should gather 10–15 signal events with a background of less than one event.</p><p>In the following, we give a brief description of the main components of the OPERA detector.</p><p>Each of the two SMs (SM1 and SM2) consists of 103 168 lead/emulsion bricks arranged in 31 target planes (figure <figref linkend="nj237197fig1">1</figref>), each one followed by two scintillator planes with an effective granularity of 2.6 × 2.6 cm<sup>2</sup>. These planes serve as trigger devices and allow selecting the brick containing a neutrino interaction. A muon spectrometer at the downstream end of each SM allows to measure the muon charge and momentum. A large size anti-coincidence detector placed in front of SM1 allows to veto (or tag) interactions occurring in the material and in the rock upstream of the target.</p><figure id="nj237197fig1" parts="single" width="column" position="float" pageposition="top" printstyle="normal" orientation="port"><graphic position="indented"><graphic-file version="print" format="EPS" width="31.6pc" printcolour="no" filename="images/nj237197fig1.eps"></graphic-file><graphic-file version="ej" format="JPEG" printcolour="yes" filename="images/nj237197fig1.jpg"></graphic-file></graphic><caption type="figure" id="nj237197fc1" label="Figure 1"><p indent="no">Schematic drawing of the OPERA detector at LNGS.</p></caption></figure><p>The construction of the experiment started in spring 2003. The first instrumented magnet was completed in May 2004 together with the first half of the target support structure. The second magnet was completed in the beginning of 2005. In spring 2006, all scintillator planes were installed. The production of the ECC bricks started in October 2006 with the aim of completing the full target for the high-intensity run of 2007.</p><p>The run of August 2006 was conducted with electronic detectors only, taking neutrino interactions in the rock upstream of the detector, in the passive material of the mechanical structure and in the iron of the spectrometers. In addition, the information from a tracking plane made of pairs of emulsion films (changeable sheets, CS) was used to study the association between emulsion-film segments with tracks reconstructed in the target tracker (TT). Figure <figref linkend="nj237197fig2">2</figref> shows a photograph of the detector in the underground Hall C of LNGS as it was during the neutrino run.</p><figure id="nj237197fig2" parts="single" width="column" position="float" pageposition="top" printstyle="normal" orientation="port"><graphic position="indented"><graphic-file version="print" format="EPS" width="21.6pc" printcolour="no" filename="images/nj237197fig2.eps"></graphic-file><graphic-file version="ej" format="JPEG" printcolour="yes" filename="images/nj237197fig2.jpg"></graphic-file></graphic><caption type="figure" id="nj237197fc2" label="Figure 2"><p indent="no">Photograph of OPERA in the LNGS Hall C.</p></caption></figure><sec-level2 id="nj237197s2.1" label="2.1"><heading>The electronic detectors</heading><p indent="no">The needs of adequate spatial resolution for high brick finding efficiency, for good calorimetric measurement of the events, as well as the requirement of covering large surfaces (∼6000 m<sup>2</sup>), impose strong requirements on the TT. Therefore, the cost-effective technology of scintillating strips with wavelength shifting fibre readout was adopted.</p><p>The polystyrene scintillator strips are 6.86 m long, 10.6 mm thick and 26.3 mm wide. A groove in the centre of the strip houses the 1 mm diameter fibre. Multi-anode, 64-pixel photomultipliers are placed at both ends of the fibres. A basic unit of the TT called module consists of 64 strips glued together. One plane of four modules of horizontal strips and one of four modules of vertical strips form a scintillator wall providing X–Y track information. The readout electronics is based on a 32-channel ASIC [<cite linkend="nj237197bib14">14</cite>] that outputs a charge proportional to the signal delivered by each pixel of the photomultipliers with a dynamic range from 1 to 100 photoelectrons.</p><p>Muon identification and charge measurement are needed for the study of the muonic τ-decay channel and for the suppression of the background from the decay of charmed particles, featuring the same topology. Each muon spectrometer [<cite linkend="nj237197bib15">15</cite>] consists of a dipolar magnet made of two iron arms for a total weight of 990 ton. The measured magnetic field intensity is 1.52 T. The two arms are interleaved with vertical, 8 m long drift-tube planes for the precise measurement of the muon-track bending. Planes of resistive plates chambers (RPCs) are inserted between the iron plates of the arms, providing a coarse tracking inside the magnet, range measurement of the stopping particles and a calorimetric analysis of hadrons.</p><p>In order to measure the muon momenta and determine their sign with high accuracy, the precision tracker (PT) is built of thin walled aluminum tubes with 38 mm outer diameter and 8 m length [<cite linkend="nj237197bib16">16</cite>]. Each of the ∼10 000 tubes has a central sense wire of 45 μm diameter. They can provide a spatial resolution better than 300 μm. Each spectrometer is equipped with six 4-fold layers of tubes.</p><p>RPCs identify penetrating muons and measure their charge and momentum in an independent way with respect to the PT. They consist of electrode plates made of 2 mm thick plastic laminate of high resistivity painted with graphite. Induced pulses are collected on two pickup strip planes made of copper strips glued on plastic foils placed on each side of the detector. The number of individual RPCs is 924 for a total detector area of 3080 m<sup>2</sup>. The total number of digital channels is about 25 000, one for each of the 2.6 cm (vertical) and 3.5 cm (horizontal) wide strips.</p><p>In order to solve ambiguities in the track spatial-reconstruction each of the two drift-tube planes of the PT upstream of the dipole magnet is complemented by an RPC plane with two 42.6° crossed strip-layers called XPCs. RPCs and XPCs give a precise timing signal to the PTs.</p><p>Finally, a detector made of glass RPCs is placed in front of the first SM, acting as a veto system for interactions occurring in the upstream rock. The veto detector was not yet operational for the August 2006 run. The PT was in the commissioning phase with two working planes. The TT and the RPCs already passed a full commissioning with cosmic-ray muons before the run<fnref linkend="nj237197fn1"><sup>38</sup></fnref>.</p><p>OPERA has a low data rate from events due to neutrino interactions well localized in time, in correlation with the CNGS beam spill. The synchronization with the spill is done offline via GPS. The detector remains sensitive during the inter-spill time and runs in a trigger-less mode. Events detected out of the beam spill (cosmic-ray muons, background from environmental radioactivity, dark counts) are used for monitoring. The global DAQ is built as a standard Ethernet network whose 1147 nodes are the Ethernet controller mezzanines plugged on controller boards interfaced to each sub-detector specific front-end electronics. A general 10 ns clock synchronized with the local GPS is distributed to all mezzanines in order to insert a time stamp to each data block. The event building is performed by sorting individual subdetector data by their time stamps.</p></sec-level2><sec-level2 id="nj237197s2.2" label="2.2"><heading>Emulsion films, bricks and related facilities</heading><p indent="no">An R&D collaboration between the Fuji Company and the Nagoya group allowed the large scale production of the emulsion films needed for the experiment (more than 12 million individual films) fulfilling the requirements of uniformity of response and of production, time stability, sensitivity, schedule and cost [<cite linkend="nj237197bib17">17</cite>]. The main peculiarity of the emulsion films used in high energy physics compared to normal photographic films is the relatively large thickness of the sensitive layers (∼44 μm) placed on both sides of a 205 μm thick plastic base.</p><p>A target brick consists of 56 lead plates of 1 mm thickness and 57 emulsion films. The plate material is a lead alloy with a small calcium content to improve its mechanical properties. The transverse dimensions of a brick are 12.7 × 10.2 cm<sup>2</sup> and the thickness along the beam direction is 7.5 cm (about 10 radiation lengths). The bricks are housed in support structures placed between consecutive TT walls.</p><p>In order to reduce the emulsion scanning load the use of changeable sheets, successfully applied in the CERN CHORUS experiment [<cite linkend="nj237197bib18">18</cite>], was extended to OPERA. CS doublets are attached to the downstream face of each brick and can be removed without opening the brick. Charged particles from a neutrino interaction in the brick cross the CS and produce a trigger in the TT scintillators. Following this trigger the brick is extracted and the CS developed and analysed in the scanning facility at LNGS. The information of the CS is used for a precise prediction of the position of the tracks in the most downstream films of the brick, hence guiding the so-called scan-back vertex-finding procedure.</p><p>The hit brick finding is one of the most critical operations for the success of the experiment, since one aims at high efficiency and purity in detecting the brick containing the neutrino interaction vertex. This requires the combination of adequate precision of the TT, precise extrapolation and high track finding efficiency in the CS scanning procedure. During the neutrino run of August 2006 a successful test of the whole procedure was performed by using an emulsion detector plane consisting of a matrix of 15 × 20 individual CS doublets with overall transverse dimensions of 158 × 256 cm<sup>2</sup> inserted in one of the SM2 target planes.</p><p>The construction of more than 200 000 bricks for the neutrino target is accomplished by an automatic machine, the brick assembly machine, operating underground in order to minimize the number of background tracks from cosmic-rays and environmental radiation. Two brick manipulating systems on the lateral sides of the detector position the bricks in the target walls and also extract those bricks containing neutrino interactions.</p><p>While running the experiment, after the analysis of their CS doublets, bricks with neutrino events are brought to the LNGS external laboratory, exposed for several hours to cosmic-ray muons for film alignment [<cite linkend="nj237197bib19">19</cite>] and then disassembled. The films are developed with an automatic system in parallel processing chains and dispatched to the scanning labs.</p><p>The expected number of bricks extracted per running-day with the full target installed and CNGS nominal intensity is about 30. The large emulsion surface to be scanned requires fast automatic microscopes continuously running at a speed of ∼20 cm<sup>2</sup> film surface per hour. This requirement has been met after R&D studies conducted using two different approaches by some of the European groups of the Collaboration (ESS) [<cite linkend="nj237197bib20">20</cite>] and by the Japanese groups (S-UTS) [<cite linkend="nj237197bib21">21</cite>].</p></sec-level2></sec-level1><sec-level1 id="nj237197s3" label="3"><heading>The first run with CNGS neutrinos</heading><p indent="no">For a detailed description of the CNGS beam operation during the first run with neutrinos of August 2006 we refer to the official CNGS WEB page [<cite linkend="nj237197bib12">12</cite>]. The commissioning of the beam started on 10 July 2006 following a series of technical tests of individual components performed from February to May. During this phase the SPS delivered 7× 10<sup>15</sup> p.o.t., equivalent to 1 h of CNGS running with nominal intensity.</p><p>The first shot of the extracted proton beam onto the CNGS target was made on 11 July. A low intensity run with neutrinos took then place from 18 to 30 August 2006 with a total integrated intensity of 7.6 × 10<sup>17</sup> p.o.t. (figure <figref linkend="nj237197fig3">3</figref>). The beam had been active for a time equivalent to about five days. The low intensity was partly due to the chosen SPS cycle and to the intensity of the spill that was 55% of the nominal value during the first part of the run and 70% during the second part.</p><figure id="nj237197fig3" parts="single" width="column" position="float" pageposition="top" printstyle="normal" orientation="port"><graphic position="indented"><graphic-file version="print" format="EPS" width="31.6pc" printcolour="no" filename="images/nj237197fig3.eps"></graphic-file><graphic-file version="ej" format="JPEG" printcolour="no" filename="images/nj237197fig3.jpg"></graphic-file></graphic><caption type="figure" id="nj237197fc3" label="Figure 3"><p indent="no">The CNGS proton integrated intensity during the August 2006 run.</p></caption></figure><p>The GPS clock used to synchronize the CERN accelerators and OPERA had been fine-tuned before the start of data-taking. At CERN the current pulse of the kicker magnet used for the beam extraction from the SPS to the TT41 line was time-tagged by a GPS unit with absolute time (UTC) calibration. An analogous GPS at the LNGS site provided the UTC timing signal to OPERA. The resulting accuracy in the time synchronization between CERN and OPERA timing systems was better than 100 ns. However, during the first days of the run a time offset of 100 μs was observed due to problems in adjusting the time tagging of the kicker pulse. This offset was eventually reduced to 600 ns.</p><p>The OPERA detector started collecting neutrino interactions from the very first beam spills with nearly all electronic detectors successfully operating. Altogether, 319 neutrino events, with an estimated 5% systematic uncertainty, were taken by OPERA during the August run. This is consistent with the 300 expected events for the given integrated intensity of 7.6 × 10<sup>17</sup> p.o.t.. The analysis of the CNGS data conducted at CERN and the comparison with simulations is in progress. Once completed, we expect to reach a 20% systematic error on the prediction of the number of muon events from neutrino interactions in the rock. This error is due to uncertainties in the neutrino flux prediction, in the cross-section and in the muon transport in the rock.</p><p>The event analysis was performed in two ways. In the first one the event timing information was treated as a basic selection tool, since the time window of beam events is well sized in a 10.5 μs interval, while the uniform cosmic-ray background corresponded to 10<sup>−4</sup> of the collected statistics (figure <figref linkend="nj237197fig4">4</figref>). The second analysis dealt with the reconstruction of track-like events disregarding timing information. Neutrino events are classified as: (i) CC neutrino interactions in the rock upstream of the detector or in the material present in the hall leading to a penetrating muon track (figure <figref linkend="nj237197fig5">5</figref>, top-left); (ii) CC and NC neutrino interactions in the target material (figure <figref linkend="nj237197fig5">5</figref>, top-right and bottom-right) and CC interactions in the iron of the spectrometers (figure <figref linkend="nj237197fig5">5</figref>, bottom-left).</p><figure id="nj237197fig4" parts="single" width="column" position="float" pageposition="top" printstyle="normal" orientation="port"><graphic position="indented"><graphic-file version="print" format="EPS" width="31.6pc" printcolour="no" filename="images/nj237197fig4.eps"></graphic-file><graphic-file version="ej" format="JPEG" printcolour="yes" filename="images/nj237197fig4.jpg"></graphic-file></graphic><caption type="figure" id="nj237197fc4" label="Figure 4"><p indent="no">Time distribution of events collected in the neutrino run. The event time difference with respect to the closest extraction is shown in the right histogram.</p></caption></figure><figure id="nj237197fig5" parts="single" width="column" position="float" pageposition="top" printstyle="normal" orientation="port"><graphic position="indented"><graphic-file version="print" format="EPS" width="37.6pc" printcolour="no" filename="images/nj237197fig5.eps"></graphic-file><graphic-file version="ej" format="JPEG" printcolour="yes" filename="images/nj237197fig5.jpg"></graphic-file></graphic><caption type="figure" id="nj237197fc5" label="Figure 5"><p indent="no">Display of neutrino events from the CNGS run. For each event the top and side views are shown, respectively. The SM targets are indicated in blue, the spectrometers in light brown, TT and RPC hits in red. See the text for event classification.</p></caption></figure><p>The &thetas; angular distribution with respect to the horizontal axis obtained by selecting single-track events is shown in figure <figref linkend="nj237197fig6">6</figref>. Events were selected with a minimum number of six layers of fired RPCs in each spectrometer. In the same figure, the distribution of simulated cosmic-ray muons from [<cite linkend="nj237197bib5">5</cite>] is also shown. The comparison between experimental data and Monte Carlo events proved the beam-induced nature of the muons in the peak around the horizontal direction. By counting events selected with topological criteria we found ∼10% of the events corresponding to beam spill data missing in the CERN database. A Gaussian fit to the &thetas; angle of the events on-time with the beam (shown in the inset of figure <figref linkend="nj237197fig6">6</figref>) yielded a mean muon angle of 3.4±0.3° in agreement with the value of 3.3° expected for neutrinos originating from CERN and travelling under the earth surface to the LNGS underground halls. The systematic error on &thetas; was evaluated to be 3% by applying different track reconstruction models.</p><figure id="nj237197fig6" parts="single" width="column" position="float" pageposition="top" printstyle="normal" orientation="port"><graphic position="indented"><graphic-file version="print" format="EPS" width="24pc" printcolour="no" filename="images/nj237197fig6.eps"></graphic-file><graphic-file version="ej" format="JPEG" printcolour="yes" filename="images/nj237197fig6.jpg"></graphic-file></graphic><caption type="figure" id="nj237197fc6" label="Figure 6"><p indent="no">Angular distribution of beam-induced and cosmic-muon events taken with the electronic detectors (black points). The histogram indicates the predictions from cosmic-ray simulations [<cite linkend="nj237197bib5">5</cite>]. The inset shows the angular distribution of on-time beam events.</p></caption></figure><p>Concerning the analysis of the CS detector, 9 muons produced by neutrino interactions in the rock surrounding the detector crossed the CS plane surface. Five muon tracks predicted by the electronic detectors were found by scanning the emulsion films. The reasons for inefficiency can be traced back to the tight cuts applied in this preliminary analysis and in the significant decrease of the fiducial volume. In fact, the dead space between adjacent emulsion films was ∼10% and the scanning was only performed up to 3 mm from the film edge, bringing the overall dead space to ∼20%. However, the test proved the capability in passing from the centimetre scale of the electronic tracker resolution to the micrometric resolution of nuclear emulsions. The angular difference between predicted and found tracks is better than 10 mrad, largely dominated by the electronic detector resolution. Figure <figref linkend="nj237197fig7">7</figref> shows the display of one of the 5 reconstructed events.</p><figure id="nj237197fig7" parts="single" width="column" position="float" pageposition="top" printstyle="normal" orientation="port"><graphic position="indented"><graphic-file version="print" format="EPS" width="37.3pc" printcolour="no" filename="images/nj237197fig7.eps"></graphic-file><graphic-file version="ej" format="JPEG" printcolour="yes" filename="images/nj237197fig7.jpg"></graphic-file></graphic><caption type="figure" id="nj237197fc7" label="Figure 7"><p indent="no">Left: display of one event with the muon passing through the CS detector plane. Only hits of the electronic detectors close to the CS plane are shown; the vertical segment indicates the position of the CS doublet intercepted by the track. Right: display of the corresponding four micro-tracks reconstructed in the CS doublet.</p></caption></figure></sec-level1><sec-level1 id="nj237197s4" label="4"><heading>Conclusions</heading><p indent="no">We reported the first detection of neutrino events from the long baseline CERN CNGS beam with the OPERA experiment in the underground Gran Sasso Laboratory. The electronic detectors of the experiment performed successfully with an overall data-taking efficiency larger than 95% during the August 2006 run. The scintillator TT and the spectrometers equipped with RPCs allowed to identify muon tracks from CC neutrino interactions occurring in the rock and in the material upstream of the detector, as well as in the detectors themselves.</p><p>Three hundred and nineteen neutrino-induced events were collected for an integrated intensity of 7.6 × 10<sup>17</sup> p.o.t. in agreement with the expectation of 300 events. The reconstructed zenith-angle distribution from penetrating muon tracks is centred at 3.4° with a 10% statistical error, as expected for neutrinos originating from CERN and travelling under the earth surface to LNGS.</p><p>A test of the association between muon tracks reconstructed with the electronic detectors and with an emulsion detector plane was also successfully performed, proving the capability of passing from the centimetre scale of the electronic tracker resolution to the micrometric resolution of nuclear emulsions. The angular difference in the track association is better than 10 mrad, largely dominated by the electronic detector resolution.</p><p>The success of this first OPERA run with CNGS neutrinos is the first step towards the operation of the complete detector.</p></sec-level1><acknowledgment><p indent="no">We thank CERN for the timely commissioning of the CNGS facility and for its first successful operation, and INFN for the continuous support given to the experiment during the construction, installation and commissioning phases through its LNGS laboratory. We warmly acknowledge funding from our national agencies: Fonds National de la Recherche Scientifique et Institut Interuniversitaire des Sciences Nucléaires for Belgium, MoSES for Croatia, IN2P3-CNRS for France, BMBF for Germany, INFN for Italy, the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS), the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT) and the Promotion and Mutual Aid Corporation for Private Schools of Japan for Japan, SNF and ETHZ for Switzerland. We thank INFN for providing fellowships and grants to non-Italian researchers. 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type="given">M</namePart><namePart type="family">Besnier</namePart><affiliation>LAPP, Universit de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, 74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">M</namePart><namePart type="family">Beyer</namePart><affiliation>Fachbereich Physik der Universitt Rostock, 18051 Rostock, Germany</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">S</namePart><namePart type="family">Bondil-Blin</namePart><affiliation>LAL, Universit Paris-Sud 11, CNRS/IN2P3, 91898 Orsay, France</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">K</namePart><namePart type="family">Borer</namePart><affiliation>University of Bern, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">J</namePart><namePart type="family">Boucrot</namePart><affiliation>LAL, Universit Paris-Sud 11, CNRS/IN2P3, 91898 Orsay, France</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">V</namePart><namePart type="family">Boyarkin</namePart><affiliation>INR-Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 117312 Moscow, Russia</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">C</namePart><namePart type="family">Bozza</namePart><affiliation>Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Universit di Salerno and INFN, 84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">R</namePart><namePart type="family">Brugnera</namePart><affiliation>Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Universit di Padova and INFN, 35131 Padova, Italy</affiliation><role><roleTerm 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type="family">Frekers</namePart><affiliation>University of Mnster, 48149 Mnster, Germany</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">T</namePart><namePart type="family">Fukuda</namePart><affiliation>Nagoya University, 464-01 Nagoya, Japan</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">C</namePart><namePart type="family">Fukushima</namePart><affiliation>Toho University, 274-8510 Funabashi, Japan</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">V I</namePart><namePart type="family">Galkin</namePart><affiliation>SINP MSU-Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics of Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">V A</namePart><namePart 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type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">M</namePart><namePart type="family">Incurvati</namePart><affiliation>Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati dell'INFN, 00044 Frascati (Roma), Italy</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">K</namePart><namePart type="family">Jakovcic</namePart><affiliation>IRB-Rudjer Boskovic Institute, 10002 Zagreb, Croatia</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">J</namePart><namePart type="family">Janicsko Csathy</namePart><affiliation>Universit de Neuchtel, CH 2000 Neuchtel, Switzerland</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">B</namePart><namePart type="family">Janutta</namePart><affiliation>Hamburg University, 22043 Hamburg, Germany</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">C</namePart><namePart type="family">Jollet</namePart><affiliation>IPHC, Universit Louis Pasteur, CNRS/IN2P3, 67037 Strasbourg, France</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">F</namePart><namePart type="family">Juget</namePart><affiliation>Universit de Neuchtel, CH 2000 Neuchtel, Switzerland</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">M</namePart><namePart type="family">Kazuyama</namePart><affiliation>Nagoya University, 464-01 Nagoya, Japan</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">S H</namePart><namePart type="family">Kim</namePart><affiliation>Gyeongsang National University, 900 Gazwa-dong, Jinju 660-300, Korea</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">M</namePart><namePart type="family">Kimura</namePart><affiliation>Toho University, 274-8510 Funabashi, Japan</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">J</namePart><namePart type="family">Knuesel</namePart><affiliation>University of Bern, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">K</namePart><namePart type="family">Kodama</namePart><affiliation>Aichi University of Education, 448 Kariya (Aichi-Ken), Japan</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">D</namePart><namePart type="family">Kolev</namePart><affiliation>Faculty of Physics, Sofia University St. Kliment Ohridski, 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">M</namePart><namePart type="family">Komatsu</namePart><affiliation>Nagoya University, 464-01 Nagoya, Japan</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">U</namePart><namePart type="family">Kose</namePart><affiliation>METU-Middle East Technical University, TR-06531 Ankara, Turkey</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">A</namePart><namePart type="family">Krasnoperov</namePart><affiliation>JINR-Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, 141980 Dubna, Russia</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">I</namePart><namePart type="family">Kreslo</namePart><affiliation>University of Bern, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Z</namePart><namePart type="family">Krumstein</namePart><affiliation>JINR-Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, 141980 Dubna, Russia</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">I</namePart><namePart type="family">Laktineh</namePart><affiliation>IPNL, Universit Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS/IN2P3, 69622 Villeurbanne, France</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">C</namePart><namePart type="family">de La Taille</namePart><affiliation>LAL, Universit Paris-Sud 11, CNRS/IN2P3, 91898 Orsay, France</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">T</namePart><namePart type="family">Le Flour</namePart><affiliation>LAPP, Universit de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, 74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France</affiliation><role><roleTerm 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Russia</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">A</namePart><namePart type="family">Schembri</namePart><affiliation>Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Universit di Roma La Sapienza and INFN, 00185 Roma, Italy</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">W</namePart><namePart type="family">Schmidt Parzefall</namePart><affiliation>Hamburg University, 22043 Hamburg, Germany</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">H</namePart><namePart type="family">Schroeder</namePart><affiliation>Fachbereich Physik der Universitt Rostock, 18051 Rostock, Germany</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">H U</namePart><namePart type="family">Schtz</namePart><affiliation>University of Bern, CH-3012 Bern, 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type="family">Starkov</namePart><affiliation>LPI-Lebedev Physical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 117924 Moscow, Russia</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">M</namePart><namePart type="family">Stipcevic</namePart><affiliation>IRB-Rudjer Boskovic Institute, 10002 Zagreb, Croatia</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">P</namePart><namePart type="family">Strolin</namePart><affiliation>Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Universit Federico II di Napoli and INFN, 80125 Napoli, Italy</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">V</namePart><namePart type="family">Sugonyaev</namePart><affiliation>Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Universit di Padova and INFN, 35131 Padova, Italy</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">S</namePart><namePart type="family">Takahashi</namePart><affiliation>Nagoya University, 464-01 Nagoya, Japan</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">V</namePart><namePart type="family">Tereschenko</namePart><affiliation>JINR-Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, 141980 Dubna, Russia</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">F</namePart><namePart type="family">Terranova</namePart><affiliation>Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati dell'INFN, 00044 Frascati (Roma), Italy</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">I</namePart><namePart type="family">Tezuka</namePart><affiliation>Utsunomiya University, 320 Tochigi-Ken, Utsunomiya, Japan</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">V</namePart><namePart type="family">Tioukov</namePart><affiliation>Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Universit Federico II di Napoli and INFN, 80125 Napoli, Italy</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">I</namePart><namePart type="family">Tikhomirov</namePart><affiliation>ITEP-Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics, 117259 Moscow, Russia</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">P</namePart><namePart type="family">Tolun</namePart><affiliation>METU-Middle East Technical University, TR-06531 Ankara, Turkey</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">T</namePart><namePart type="family">Toshito</namePart><affiliation>Nagoya University, 464-01 Nagoya, Japan</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">V</namePart><namePart type="family">Tsarev</namePart><affiliation>LPI-Lebedev Physical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 117924 Moscow, Russia</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">R</namePart><namePart type="family">Tsenov</namePart><affiliation>Faculty of Physics, Sofia University St. Kliment Ohridski, 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">U</namePart><namePart type="family">Ugolino</namePart><affiliation>Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Universit Federico II di Napoli and INFN, 80125 Napoli, Italy</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">N</namePart><namePart type="family">Ushida</namePart><affiliation>Aichi University of Education, 448 Kariya (Aichi-Ken), Japan</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">G</namePart><namePart type="family">Van Beek</namePart><affiliation>IIHE-Inter-University Institute for High Energies, Universit Libre de Bruxelles, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">V</namePart><namePart type="family">Verguilov</namePart><affiliation>Faculty of Physics, Sofia University St. Kliment Ohridski, 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">P</namePart><namePart type="family">Vilain</namePart><affiliation>IIHE-Inter-University Institute for High Energies, Universit Libre de Bruxelles, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">L</namePart><namePart type="family">Votano</namePart><affiliation>Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati dell'INFN, 00044 Frascati (Roma), Italy</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">J L</namePart><namePart type="family">Vuilleumier</namePart><affiliation>Universit de Neuchtel, CH 2000 Neuchtel, Switzerland</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">T</namePart><namePart type="family">Waelchli</namePart><affiliation>University of Bern, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">R</namePart><namePart type="family">Waldi</namePart><affiliation>Fachbereich Physik der Universitt Rostock, 18051 Rostock, Germany</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">M</namePart><namePart type="family">Weber</namePart><affiliation>University of Bern, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">G</namePart><namePart type="family">Wilquet</namePart><affiliation>IIHE-Inter-University Institute for High Energies, Universit Libre de Bruxelles, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">B</namePart><namePart type="family">Wonsak</namePart><affiliation>Hamburg University, 22043 Hamburg, Germany</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">R</namePart><namePart type="family">Wurth</namePart><affiliation>Fachbereich Physik der Universitt Rostock, 18051 Rostock, Germany</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">J</namePart><namePart type="family">Wurtz</namePart><affiliation>IPHC, Universit Louis Pasteur, CNRS/IN2P3, 67037 Strasbourg, France</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">V</namePart><namePart type="family">Yakushev</namePart><affiliation>INR-Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 117312 Moscow, Russia</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">C S</namePart><namePart type="family">Yoon</namePart><affiliation>Gyeongsang National University, 900 Gazwa-dong, Jinju 660-300, Korea</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Y</namePart><namePart type="family">Zaitsev</namePart><affiliation>ITEP-Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics, 117259 Moscow, Russia</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">I</namePart><namePart type="family">Zamboni</namePart><affiliation>IRB-Rudjer Boskovic Institute, 10002 Zagreb, Croatia</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">R</namePart><namePart type="family">Zimmermann</namePart><affiliation>Hamburg University, 22043 Hamburg, Germany</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><typeOfResource>text</typeOfResource><genre type="research-article" displayLabel="paper"></genre><originInfo><publisher>Institute of Physics Publishing</publisher><dateIssued encoding="w3cdtf">2006</dateIssued><copyrightDate encoding="w3cdtf">2006</copyrightDate></originInfo><language><languageTerm type="code" authority="iso639-2b">eng</languageTerm><languageTerm type="code" authority="rfc3066">en</languageTerm></language><physicalDescription><internetMediaType>text/html</internetMediaType><note type="production"></note></physicalDescription><abstract>The OPERA neutrino detector at the underground Gran Sasso Laboratory (LNGS) was designed to perform the first detection of neutrino oscillations in appearance mode, through the study of oscillations. The apparatus consists of a lead/emulsion-film target complemented by electronic detectors. It is placed in the high-energy, long-baseline CERN to LNGS beam (CNGS) 730km away from the neutrino source. In August 2006, a first run with CNGS neutrinos was successfully conducted. A first sample of neutrino events was collected, statistically consistent with the integrated beam intensity. After a brief description of the beam and of the various sub-detectors, we report on the achievement of this milestone, presenting the first data and some analysis results.</abstract><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>New Journal of Physics</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="abbreviated"><title>New J. Phys.</title></titleInfo><genre type="Journal">journal</genre><identifier type="ISSN">1367-2630</identifier><identifier type="eISSN">1367-2630</identifier><identifier type="PublisherID">NJP</identifier><identifier type="CODEN">NJOPFM</identifier><identifier type="URL">stacks.iop.org/NJP</identifier><part><date>2006</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>8</number></detail><detail type="issue"><caption>no.</caption><number>12</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>303</start><end>303</end><total>1</total></extent></part></relatedItem><identifier type="istex">F9F549C1ADBC5F41E17FA17EEEFC56B6154E218F</identifier><identifier type="DOI">10.1088/1367-2630/8/12/303</identifier><identifier type="PII">S1367-2630(06)37197-2</identifier><identifier type="articleID">237197</identifier><accessCondition type="use and reproduction" contentType="copyright">IOP Publishing and Deutsche Physikalische Gesellschaft</accessCondition><recordInfo><recordContentSource>IOP</recordContentSource><recordOrigin>IOP Publishing and Deutsche Physikalische Gesellschaft</recordOrigin></recordInfo></mods></metadata><serie></serie></istex></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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