Caractérisation des différentes options du trajectographe du détecteur OPERA
Identifieur interne : 000860 ( Hal/Checkpoint ); précédent : 000859; suivant : 000861Caractérisation des différentes options du trajectographe du détecteur OPERA
Auteurs : Guillaume Moret [France]Source :
Descripteurs français
Abstract
Neutrinos were postulated by Pauli during the thirties. These spin-half and massless particles helped to solve the beta desintegration problems. Their study started in the fifties and work is still going on nowadays. This lengthy study is due to the difficulty to detect neutrinos and also to a "strange" phenomenon : we always detect less neutrinos than expected for solar and atmospheric neutrinos. This phenomenon can be explained by oscillation between massive neutrino states.
The OPERA project is intended to directly prove this oscillation. In this aim, a nu_mu beam is produced at CERN and pointed to Gran-Sasso (Italy), 732 km away. The detector is optimised to reveal the neutrino tau coming from nu_mu --> nu_tau oscillation. This detector of 30 meters long with 2 000 tonnes of target will be built with more than 200 000 bricks of lead and emulsion. Taus are observed after scanning of the emulsions. The bricks must be localised into the wall and this localisation is possible with a tracker located of downstream each target wall.
The present work was devoted to the determination of the best tracker for OPERA. Three options were studied and a tracker made of plastic scintillator slabs has been choosen. It allows a wall finding efficiency around 80% and a brick finding efficiency around 80%. As photo detector, we have studied HPD with an auto triggerable readout. HPD's have displayed an excellent resolution, a cross talk lower than 2% and an uniformity higher than 98%. A DAQ based on Ethernet was proposed and accepted by the collaboration. In this option, each photo detector is a node of the network and can be accessed by a web browser. A prototype with plastic scintillator, HPD with an auto triggerable readout and a DAQ based on Ethernet has been built and validated during beam tests.
The OPERA project is intended to directly prove this oscillation. In this aim, a nu_mu beam is produced at CERN and pointed to Gran-Sasso (Italy), 732 km away. The detector is optimised to reveal the neutrino tau coming from nu_mu --> nu_tau oscillation. This detector of 30 meters long with 2 000 tonnes of target will be built with more than 200 000 bricks of lead and emulsion. Taus are observed after scanning of the emulsions. The bricks must be localised into the wall and this localisation is possible with a tracker located of downstream each target wall.
The present work was devoted to the determination of the best tracker for OPERA. Three options were studied and a tracker made of plastic scintillator slabs has been choosen. It allows a wall finding efficiency around 80% and a brick finding efficiency around 80%. As photo detector, we have studied HPD with an auto triggerable readout. HPD's have displayed an excellent resolution, a cross talk lower than 2% and an uniformity higher than 98%. A DAQ based on Ethernet was proposed and accepted by the collaboration. In this option, each photo detector is a node of the network and can be accessed by a web browser. A prototype with plastic scintillator, HPD with an auto triggerable readout and a DAQ based on Ethernet has been built and validated during beam tests.
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wicri:auto="newGroup">Université de Lyon</orgName></affiliation></author></analytic></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="mix" xml:lang="fr"><term>OPERA</term><term>Particules et noyaux dans l'univers</term><term>Physique du neutrino</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Neutrinos were postulated by Pauli during the thirties. These spin-half and massless particles helped to solve the beta desintegration problems. Their study started in the fifties and work is still going on nowadays. This lengthy study is due to the difficulty to detect neutrinos and also to a "strange" phenomenon : we always detect less neutrinos than expected for solar and atmospheric neutrinos. This phenomenon can be explained by oscillation between massive neutrino states.
The OPERA project is intended to directly prove this oscillation. In this aim, a nu_mu beam is produced at CERN and pointed to Gran-Sasso (Italy), 732 km away. The detector is optimised to reveal the neutrino tau coming from nu_mu --> nu_tau oscillation. This detector of 30 meters long with 2 000 tonnes of target will be built with more than 200 000 bricks of lead and emulsion. Taus are observed after scanning of the emulsions. The bricks must be localised into the wall and this localisation is possible with a tracker located of downstream each target wall.
The present work was devoted to the determination of the best tracker for OPERA. Three options were studied and a tracker made of plastic scintillator slabs has been choosen. It allows a wall finding efficiency around 80% and a brick finding efficiency around 80%. As photo detector, we have studied HPD with an auto triggerable readout. HPD's have displayed an excellent resolution, a cross talk lower than 2% and an uniformity higher than 98%. A DAQ based on Ethernet was proposed and accepted by the collaboration. In this option, each photo detector is a node of the network and can be accessed by a web browser. A prototype with plastic scintillator, HPD with an auto triggerable readout and a DAQ based on Ethernet has been built and validated during beam tests.</div></front></TEI><hal api="V3"><titleStmt><title xml:lang="fr">Caractérisation des différentes options du trajectographe du détecteur OPERA</title><author role="aut"><persName><forename type="first">Guillaume</forename><surname>Moret</surname></persName><email></email><idno type="halauthor">67688</idno><affiliation ref="#struct-2"></affiliation></author><editor role="depositor"><persName><forename>Admin</forename><surname>Base des publications de l'IN2P3</surname></persName><email>capelli@in2p3.fr</email></editor></titleStmt><editionStmt><edition n="v1" type="current"><date type="whenSubmitted">2002-10-09 08:03:19</date><date type="whenModified">2002-10-09 08:03:19</date><date type="whenReleased">2002-10-09 10:15:38</date><date type="whenProduced">2002-07-11</date><date type="whenEndEmbargoed">2002-10-09</date><ref type="file" target="https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00001799/document"><date notBefore="2002-10-09"></date></ref><ref type="file" n="1" target="https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00001799/file/tel-00001799.pdf"><date notBefore="2002-10-09"></date></ref></edition><respStmt><resp>contributor</resp><name key="107276"><persName><forename>Admin</forename><surname>Base des publications de l'IN2P3</surname></persName><email>capelli@in2p3.fr</email></name></respStmt></editionStmt><publicationStmt><distributor>CCSD</distributor><idno type="halId">tel-00001799</idno><idno type="halUri">https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00001799</idno><idno type="halBibtex">moret:tel-00001799</idno><idno type="halRefHtml">Cosmologie et astrophysique extra-galactique [astro-ph.CO]. Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2002. Français</idno><idno type="halRef">Cosmologie et astrophysique extra-galactique [astro-ph.CO]. Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2002. Français</idno></publicationStmt><seriesStmt><idno type="stamp" n="IPNL">Institut de Physique Nucléaire de Lyon</idno><idno type="stamp" n="CNRS">CNRS - Centre national de la recherche scientifique</idno><idno type="stamp" n="UNIV-LYON1">Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I</idno><idno type="stamp" n="IN2P3">Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules</idno></seriesStmt><notesStmt><note type="commentary">Neutrinos</note></notesStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="fr">Caractérisation des différentes options du trajectographe du détecteur OPERA</title><author role="aut"><persName><forename type="first">Guillaume</forename><surname>Moret</surname></persName><idno type="halAuthorId">67688</idno><affiliation ref="#struct-2"></affiliation></author></analytic><monogr><idno type="localRef">LYCEN T 2002-35</idno><imprint><date type="dateDefended">2002-07-11</date></imprint><authority type="institution">Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I</authority><authority type="supervisor">Déclais Yves</authority></monogr></biblStruct></sourceDesc><profileDesc><langUsage><language ident="fr">French</language></langUsage><textClass><keywords scheme="author"><term xml:lang="fr">Particules et noyaux dans l'univers</term><term xml:lang="fr">Physique du neutrino</term><term xml:lang="fr">OPERA</term></keywords><classCode scheme="halDomain" n="phys.astr.co">Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Cosmology and Extra-Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.CO]</classCode><classCode scheme="halTypology" n="THESE">Theses</classCode></textClass><abstract xml:lang="en">Neutrinos were postulated by Pauli during the thirties. These spin-half and massless particles helped to solve the beta desintegration problems. Their study started in the fifties and work is still going on nowadays. This lengthy study is due to the difficulty to detect neutrinos and also to a "strange" phenomenon : we always detect less neutrinos than expected for solar and atmospheric neutrinos. This phenomenon can be explained by oscillation between massive neutrino states.
The OPERA project is intended to directly prove this oscillation. In this aim, a nu_mu beam is produced at CERN and pointed to Gran-Sasso (Italy), 732 km away. The detector is optimised to reveal the neutrino tau coming from nu_mu --> nu_tau oscillation. This detector of 30 meters long with 2 000 tonnes of target will be built with more than 200 000 bricks of lead and emulsion. Taus are observed after scanning of the emulsions. The bricks must be localised into the wall and this localisation is possible with a tracker located of downstream each target wall.
The present work was devoted to the determination of the best tracker for OPERA. Three options were studied and a tracker made of plastic scintillator slabs has been choosen. It allows a wall finding efficiency around 80% and a brick finding efficiency around 80%. As photo detector, we have studied HPD with an auto triggerable readout. HPD's have displayed an excellent resolution, a cross talk lower than 2% and an uniformity higher than 98%. A DAQ based on Ethernet was proposed and accepted by the collaboration. In this option, each photo detector is a node of the network and can be accessed by a web browser. A prototype with plastic scintillator, HPD with an auto triggerable readout and a DAQ based on Ethernet has been built and validated during beam tests.</abstract><abstract xml:lang="fr">L'existence des neutrinos a été postulée dans les années trente par Pauli. Ces particules de spin 1/2 et de masse nulle ont permis de résoudre les problèmes de la désintégration beta. Leur étude expérimentale a commencé dans les années cinquante et se poursuit encore de nos jours. Cette longévité en physique des particules expérimentale est liée à leur détection difficile et aux énigmes qu'ils présentent. En particulier il est systématiquement détecté moins de neutrinos que ce qui est prédit pour les neutrinos solaires et pour les neutrinos atmosphériques, ce qu'on peut expliquer par un phénomène d'oscillation de neutrinos massifs.
Le projet OPERA se propose de prouver directement cette oscillation. Pour cela un faisceau de nu_mu sera produit au CERN et dirigé vers le Gran Sasso en Italie à 732 km de distance. Le détecteur a été optimisé pour mettre en évidence l'apparition du neutrino tau, produit de l'oscillation nu_mu --> nu_tau. Ce détecteur de 30 mètres de long et de 2 000 tonnes de cible sera composé de plus de 200 000 briques de plomb et d'émulsions photographiques. Les leptons taus seront mis en évidence après scanning des émulsions. Pour cela les briques devront être localisées dans le détecteur, et cette localisation sera réalisée par un trajectographe placé derrière chaque mur de briques.
Cette thèse avait pour but de déterminer le meilleur trajectographe pour OPERA. Trois options ont été étudiées et un trajectographe constitué de barreaux de scintillateur plastique a été choisi. Il permet d'avoir une efficacité de localisation du mur du vertex d'environ 80% et une efficacité de localisation de la brique à l'intérieur du mur d'environ 80%. Dans ce contexte d'utilisation de scintillateurs, nous avons testé des photo détecteurs de type HPD avec une électronique auto déclenchable. Ces HPD ont montré une très bonne résolution, une diaphonie inférieure à 2% et une uniformité supérieure à 98%. Une acquisition basée sur Ethernet a été proposée et acceptée par la collaboration. Chaque photo détecteur constituera directement un noeud du réseau. Un modèle complet de trajectographe constitué de barreaux de scintillateur lus par une HPD et une électronique auto déclenchable avec une acquisition par Ethernet a été validé pendant des tests sur faisceau.</abstract><particDesc><org type="consortium">OPERA</org></particDesc></profileDesc></hal></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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