Serveur d'exploration sur la musique celtique

Attention, ce site est en cours de développement !
Attention, site généré par des moyens informatiques à partir de corpus bruts.
Les informations ne sont donc pas validées.

Integrative Therapy Use for Management of Side Effects and Toxicities Experienced by Pediatric Oncology Patients

Identifieur interne : 000054 ( Pmc/Corpus ); précédent : 000053; suivant : 000055

Integrative Therapy Use for Management of Side Effects and Toxicities Experienced by Pediatric Oncology Patients

Auteurs : Shana S. Jacobs

Source :

RBID : PMC:4928739

Abstract

Integrative Therapies (IT), otherwise known as Complementary and Alternative Medicine, are widely used among pediatric oncology patients, despite a paucity of available evidence. This review summarizes surveys that describe the prevalence of IT use by pediatric oncology patients, both during therapy and in survivorship, as well as the modalities being used. Additionally, the evidence that exists for specific treatments that appear to be efficacious in controlling specific symptoms is described. Finally, there are recommendations for practitioners on how to best counsel patients about IT use.


Url:
DOI: 10.3390/children1030424
PubMed: 27417488
PubMed Central: 4928739

Links to Exploration step

PMC:4928739

Le document en format XML

<record>
<TEI>
<teiHeader>
<fileDesc>
<titleStmt>
<title xml:lang="en">Integrative Therapy Use for Management of Side Effects and Toxicities Experienced by Pediatric Oncology Patients</title>
<author>
<name sortKey="Jacobs, Shana S" sort="Jacobs, Shana S" uniqKey="Jacobs S" first="Shana S" last="Jacobs">Shana S. Jacobs</name>
</author>
</titleStmt>
<publicationStmt>
<idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno>
<idno type="pmid">27417488</idno>
<idno type="pmc">4928739</idno>
<idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4928739</idno>
<idno type="RBID">PMC:4928739</idno>
<idno type="doi">10.3390/children1030424</idno>
<date when="2014">2014</date>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">000054</idno>
<idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">000054</idno>
</publicationStmt>
<sourceDesc>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Integrative Therapy Use for Management of Side Effects and Toxicities Experienced by Pediatric Oncology Patients</title>
<author>
<name sortKey="Jacobs, Shana S" sort="Jacobs, Shana S" uniqKey="Jacobs S" first="Shana S" last="Jacobs">Shana S. Jacobs</name>
</author>
</analytic>
<series>
<title level="j">Children</title>
<idno type="eISSN">2227-9067</idno>
<imprint>
<date when="2014">2014</date>
</imprint>
</series>
</biblStruct>
</sourceDesc>
</fileDesc>
<profileDesc>
<textClass></textClass>
</profileDesc>
</teiHeader>
<front>
<div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">
<p>Integrative Therapies (IT), otherwise known as Complementary and Alternative Medicine, are widely used among pediatric oncology patients, despite a paucity of available evidence. This review summarizes surveys that describe the prevalence of IT use by pediatric oncology patients, both during therapy and in survivorship, as well as the modalities being used. Additionally, the evidence that exists for specific treatments that appear to be efficacious in controlling specific symptoms is described. Finally, there are recommendations for practitioners on how to best counsel patients about IT use.</p>
</div>
</front>
<back>
<div1 type="bibliography">
<listBibl>
<biblStruct></biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Bishop, F L" uniqKey="Bishop F">F.L. Bishop</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Prescott, P" uniqKey="Prescott P">P. Prescott</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Chan, Y K" uniqKey="Chan Y">Y.K. Chan</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Saville, J" uniqKey="Saville J">J. Saville</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Von Elm, E" uniqKey="Von Elm E">E. von Elm</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Lewith, G T" uniqKey="Lewith G">G.T. Lewith</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Gottschling, S" uniqKey="Gottschling S">S. Gottschling</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Gronwald, B" uniqKey="Gronwald B">B. Gronwald</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Schmitt, S" uniqKey="Schmitt S">S. Schmitt</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Schmittb, C" uniqKey="Schmittb C">C. Schmittb</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="L Nglerc, A" uniqKey="L Nglerc A">A. Länglerc</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Leidigd, E" uniqKey="Leidigd E">E. Leidigd</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Meyere, S" uniqKey="Meyere S">S. Meyere</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Baane, A" uniqKey="Baane A">A. Baane</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Shamdeend, M G" uniqKey="Shamdeend M">M.G. Shamdeend</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Berrangc, J" uniqKey="Berrangc J">J. Berrangc</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Kelly, K M" uniqKey="Kelly K">K.M. Kelly</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Jacobson, J S" uniqKey="Jacobson J">J.S. Jacobson</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Kennedy, D D" uniqKey="Kennedy D">D.D. Kennedy</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Braudt, S M" uniqKey="Braudt S">S.M. Braudt</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Mallick, M" uniqKey="Mallick M">M. Mallick</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Weiner, M A" uniqKey="Weiner M">M.A. Weiner</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Roth, M" uniqKey="Roth M">M. Roth</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Lin, J" uniqKey="Lin J">J. Lin</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Kim, M" uniqKey="Kim M">M. Kim</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Moody, K" uniqKey="Moody K">K. Moody</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Valji, R" uniqKey="Valji R">R. Valji</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Adams, D" uniqKey="Adams D">D. Adams</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Dagenais, S" uniqKey="Dagenais S">S. Dagenais</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Clifford, T" uniqKey="Clifford T">T. Clifford</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Baydala, L" uniqKey="Baydala L">L. Baydala</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="King, W J" uniqKey="King W">W.J. King</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Vohra, S" uniqKey="Vohra S">S. Vohra</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="O Connor, N" uniqKey="O Connor N">N. OʼConnor</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Graham, D" uniqKey="Graham D">D. Graham</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="O Meara, A" uniqKey="O Meara A">A. OʼMeara</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Devins, M" uniqKey="Devins M">M. Devins</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Jennings, V" uniqKey="Jennings V">V. Jennings</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="O Eary, D" uniqKey="O Eary D">D. O’Leary</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="O Eilly, M" uniqKey="O Eilly M">M. O’Reilly</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Paisley, M A" uniqKey="Paisley M">M.A. Paisley</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Kang, T I" uniqKey="Kang T">T.I. Kang</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Insogna, I G" uniqKey="Insogna I">I.G. Insogna</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Rheingold, S R" uniqKey="Rheingold S">S.R. Rheingold</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Naing, A" uniqKey="Naing A">A. Naing</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Stephen, S K" uniqKey="Stephen S">S.K. Stephen</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Frenkel, M" uniqKey="Frenkel M">M. Frenkel</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Chandhasin, C" uniqKey="Chandhasin C">C. Chandhasin</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Hong, D S" uniqKey="Hong D">D.S. Hong</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Lei, X" uniqKey="Lei X">X. Lei</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Falchook, G" uniqKey="Falchook G">G. Falchook</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Wheler, J J" uniqKey="Wheler J">J.J. Wheler</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Fu, S" uniqKey="Fu S">S. Fu</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Kurzrock, R" uniqKey="Kurzrock R">R. Kurzrock</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Heath, J A" uniqKey="Heath J">J.A. Heath</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Oh, L J" uniqKey="Oh L">L.J. Oh</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Clarke, N E" uniqKey="Clarke N">N.E. Clarke</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Wolfe, J" uniqKey="Wolfe J">J. Wolfe</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Melnick, S J" uniqKey="Melnick S">S.J. Melnick</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Melnick, S J" uniqKey="Melnick S">S.J. Melnick</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Livingston, K" uniqKey="Livingston K">K. Livingston</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Beider, S" uniqKey="Beider S">S. Beider</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Kant, A J" uniqKey="Kant A">A.J. Kant</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Gallardo, C C" uniqKey="Gallardo C">C.C. Gallardo</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Joseph, M H" uniqKey="Joseph M">M.H. Joseph</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Gold, J I" uniqKey="Gold J">J.I. Gold</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Gold, J I" uniqKey="Gold J">J.I. Gold</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Nicolaou, C D" uniqKey="Nicolaou C">C.D. Nicolaou</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Belmont, K A" uniqKey="Belmont K">K.A. Belmont</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Katz, A R" uniqKey="Katz A">A.R. Katz</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Benaron, D M" uniqKey="Benaron D">D.M. Benaron</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Yu, W" uniqKey="Yu W">W. Yu</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Bao, Y" uniqKey="Bao Y">Y. Bao</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Kong, X" uniqKey="Kong X">X. Kong</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Yang, L" uniqKey="Yang L">L. Yang</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Liu, R" uniqKey="Liu R">R. Liu</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Shi, Z" uniqKey="Shi Z">Z. Shi</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Li, W" uniqKey="Li W">W. Li</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Hua, B" uniqKey="Hua B">B. Hua</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Hou, W" uniqKey="Hou W">W. Hou</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Finnegan John, J" uniqKey="Finnegan John J">J. Finnegan-John</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Molassiotis, A" uniqKey="Molassiotis A">A. Molassiotis</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Richardson, A" uniqKey="Richardson A">A. Richardson</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Ream, E" uniqKey="Ream E">E. Ream</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Hunt, K" uniqKey="Hunt K">K. Hunt</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Ernst, E" uniqKey="Ernst E">E. Ernst</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Poder, T G" uniqKey="Poder T">T.G. Poder</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Lemieux, R" uniqKey="Lemieux R">R. Lemieux</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Thrane, S" uniqKey="Thrane S">S. Thrane</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Beider, S" uniqKey="Beider S">S. Beider</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Moyer, C A" uniqKey="Moyer C">C.A. Moyer</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Ahles, T A" uniqKey="Ahles T">T.A. Ahles</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Tope, D M" uniqKey="Tope D">D.M. Tope</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Pinkson, B" uniqKey="Pinkson B">B. Pinkson</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Walch, S" uniqKey="Walch S">S. Walch</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Hann, D" uniqKey="Hann D">D. Hann</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Whedon, M" uniqKey="Whedon M">M. Whedon</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Dain, B" uniqKey="Dain B">B. Dain</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Weiss, J E" uniqKey="Weiss J">J.E. Weiss</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Mills, L" uniqKey="Mills L">L. Mills</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Silberfarb, P M" uniqKey="Silberfarb P">P.M. Silberfarb</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Campeau, M P" uniqKey="Campeau M">M.P. Campeau</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Gaboriault, R" uniqKey="Gaboriault R">R. Gaboriault</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Drapeau, M" uniqKey="Drapeau M">M. Drapeau</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Van Nguyen, T" uniqKey="Van Nguyen T">T. van Nguyen</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Roy, I" uniqKey="Roy I">I. Roy</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Fortin, B" uniqKey="Fortin B">B. Fortin</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Marois, M" uniqKey="Marois M">M. Marois</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Nguyen Tan, P F" uniqKey="Nguyen Tan P">P.F. Nguyen-Tân</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Cassileth, B R" uniqKey="Cassileth B">B.R. Cassileth</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Vickers, A J" uniqKey="Vickers A">A.J. Vickers</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Post White, J" uniqKey="Post White J">J. Post-White</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Kinney, M E" uniqKey="Kinney M">M.E. Kinney</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Savik, K" uniqKey="Savik K">K. Savik</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Gau, J B" uniqKey="Gau J">J.B. Gau</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Wilcox, C" uniqKey="Wilcox C">C. Wilcox</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Lerner, I" uniqKey="Lerner I">I. Lerner</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Ernst, E" uniqKey="Ernst E">E. Ernst</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Jane, S W" uniqKey="Jane S">S.W. Jane</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Wilkie, D J" uniqKey="Wilkie D">D.J. Wilkie</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Gallucci, B B" uniqKey="Gallucci B">B.B. Gallucci</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Beaton, R" uniqKey="Beaton R">R. Beaton</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Wilkinson, S" uniqKey="Wilkinson S">S. Wilkinson</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Barnes, K" uniqKey="Barnes K">K. Barnes</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Storey, L" uniqKey="Storey L">L. Storey</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Myers, C D" uniqKey="Myers C">C.D. Myers</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Walton, T" uniqKey="Walton T">T. Walton</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Small, B J" uniqKey="Small B">B.J. Small</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Pan, Y Q" uniqKey="Pan Y">Y.Q. Pan</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Yang, K H" uniqKey="Yang K">K.H. Yang</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Wang, Y L" uniqKey="Wang Y">Y.L. Wang</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Zhang, L P" uniqKey="Zhang L">L.P. Zhang</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Liang, H Q" uniqKey="Liang H">H.Q. Liang</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Russell, N C" uniqKey="Russell N">N.C. Russell</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Sumler, S S" uniqKey="Sumler S">S.S. Sumler</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Beinhorn, C M" uniqKey="Beinhorn C">C.M. Beinhorn</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Frenkel, M A" uniqKey="Frenkel M">M.A. Frenkel</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Wilkinson, S M" uniqKey="Wilkinson S">S.M. Wilkinson</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Love, S B" uniqKey="Love S">S.B. Love</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Westcombe, A M" uniqKey="Westcombe A">A.M. Westcombe</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Gambles, M A" uniqKey="Gambles M">M.A. Gambles</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Burgess, C C" uniqKey="Burgess C">C.C. Burgess</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Cargill, A" uniqKey="Cargill A">A. Cargill</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Young, T" uniqKey="Young T">T. Young</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Maher, E J" uniqKey="Maher E">E.J. Maher</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Ramirez, A J" uniqKey="Ramirez A">A.J. Ramirez</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Listing, M" uniqKey="Listing M">M. Listing</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Reisshauer, A" uniqKey="Reisshauer A">A. Reisshauer</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Krohn, M" uniqKey="Krohn M">M. Krohn</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Voigt, B" uniqKey="Voigt B">B. Voigt</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Tjahono, G" uniqKey="Tjahono G">G. Tjahono</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Becker, J" uniqKey="Becker J">J. Becker</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Klapp, B F" uniqKey="Klapp B">B.F. Klapp</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Rauchfu, M" uniqKey="Rauchfu M">M. Rauchfuß</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Post White, J" uniqKey="Post White J">J. Post-White</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Fitzgerald, M" uniqKey="Fitzgerald M">M. Fitzgerald</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Savik, K" uniqKey="Savik K">K. Savik</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Hooke, M C" uniqKey="Hooke M">M.C. Hooke</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Hannahan, A B" uniqKey="Hannahan A">A.B. Hannahan</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Sencer, S F" uniqKey="Sencer S">S.F. Sencer</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Batalha, L M" uniqKey="Batalha L">L.M. Batalha</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Mota, A A" uniqKey="Mota A">A.A. Mota</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Phipps, S" uniqKey="Phipps S">S. Phipps</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Gray, E" uniqKey="Gray E">E. Gray</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Phipps, S" uniqKey="Phipps S">S. Phipps</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Peasant, C" uniqKey="Peasant C">C. Peasant</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Barrera, M" uniqKey="Barrera M">M. Barrera</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Alderfer, M A" uniqKey="Alderfer M">M.A. Alderfer</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Huang, Q" uniqKey="Huang Q">Q. Huang</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Vannatta, K" uniqKey="Vannatta K">K. Vannatta</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Mehling, W E" uniqKey="Mehling W">W.E. Mehling</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Lown, E A" uniqKey="Lown E">E.A. Lown</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Dvorak, C C" uniqKey="Dvorak C">C.C. Dvorak</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Cowan, M J" uniqKey="Cowan M">M.J. Cowan</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Horn, B N" uniqKey="Horn B">B.N. Horn</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Dunn, E A" uniqKey="Dunn E">E.A. Dunn</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Acree, M" uniqKey="Acree M">M. Acree</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Abrams, D I" uniqKey="Abrams D">D.I. Abrams</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Hecht, F M" uniqKey="Hecht F">F.M. Hecht</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Ackerman, S L" uniqKey="Ackerman S">S.L. Ackerman</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Lown, E A" uniqKey="Lown E">E.A. Lown</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Dvorak, C C" uniqKey="Dvorak C">C.C. Dvorak</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Dunn, E A" uniqKey="Dunn E">E.A. Dunn</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Abrams, D I" uniqKey="Abrams D">D.I. Abrams</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Horn, B N" uniqKey="Horn B">B.N. Horn</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Degelman, M" uniqKey="Degelman M">M. Degelman</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Cowan, M J" uniqKey="Cowan M">M.J. Cowan</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Mehling, W E" uniqKey="Mehling W">W.E. Mehling</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Melchart, D" uniqKey="Melchart D">D. Melchart</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Linde, K" uniqKey="Linde K">K. Linde</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Fischer, P" uniqKey="Fischer P">P. Fischer</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="White, A" uniqKey="White A">A. White</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Vickers, A" uniqKey="Vickers A">A. Vickers</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Allais, G" uniqKey="Allais G">G. Allais</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Brinkhaus, B" uniqKey="Brinkhaus B">B. Brinkhaus</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Ernst, E" uniqKey="Ernst E">E. Ernst</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Melchart, D" uniqKey="Melchart D">D. Melchart</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Ihbe Heffinger, A" uniqKey="Ihbe Heffinger A">A. Ihbe-Heffinger</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Leps, B" uniqKey="Leps B">B. Leps</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Von Schilling, C" uniqKey="Von Schilling C">C. von Schilling</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Linde, K" uniqKey="Linde K">K. Linde</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Ladas, E J" uniqKey="Ladas E">E.J. Ladas</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Post White, J" uniqKey="Post White J">J. Post-White</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Hawks, R" uniqKey="Hawks R">R. Hawks</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Taromina, K" uniqKey="Taromina K">K. Taromina</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Lu, W" uniqKey="Lu W">W. Lu</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Dean Clower, E" uniqKey="Dean Clower E">E. Dean-Clower</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Doherty Gilman, A" uniqKey="Doherty Gilman A">A. Doherty-Gilman</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Rosenthal, D S" uniqKey="Rosenthal D">D.S. Rosenthal</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Kemper, K J" uniqKey="Kemper K">K.J. Kemper</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Sarah, R" uniqKey="Sarah R">R. Sarah</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Silver Highfield, E" uniqKey="Silver Highfield E">E. Silver-Highfield</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Xiarhos, E" uniqKey="Xiarhos E">E. Xiarhos</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Barnes, L" uniqKey="Barnes L">L. Barnes</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Berde, C" uniqKey="Berde C">C. Berde</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Wu, S" uniqKey="Wu S">S. Wu</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Sapru, A" uniqKey="Sapru A">A. Sapru</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Stewart, M A" uniqKey="Stewart M">M.A. Stewart</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Milet, M J" uniqKey="Milet M">M.J. Milet</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Hudes, M" uniqKey="Hudes M">M. Hudes</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Livermore, L F" uniqKey="Livermore L">L.F. Livermore</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Flori, H R" uniqKey="Flori H">H.R. Flori</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Taromina, K" uniqKey="Taromina K">K. Taromina</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Hughes, D" uniqKey="Hughes D">D. Hughes</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Meyer, A" uniqKey="Meyer A">A. Meyer</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Kelly, K" uniqKey="Kelly K">K. Kelly</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Kundu, A" uniqKey="Kundu A">A. Kundu</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Berman, B" uniqKey="Berman B">B. Berman</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Tsao, J C" uniqKey="Tsao J">J.C. Tsao</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Meldrum, M" uniqKey="Meldrum M">M. Meldrum</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Bursch, B" uniqKey="Bursch B">B. Bursch</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Jacob, M C" uniqKey="Jacob M">M.C. Jacob</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Kim, S C" uniqKey="Kim S">S.C. Kim</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Zeltzer, L K" uniqKey="Zeltzer L">L.K. Zeltzer</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Lin, Y C" uniqKey="Lin Y">Y.C. Lin</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Lee, A C" uniqKey="Lee A">A.C. Lee</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Kemper, K J" uniqKey="Kemper K">K.J. Kemper</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Berde, C B" uniqKey="Berde C">C.B. Berde</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Gottschling, S" uniqKey="Gottschling S">S. Gottschling</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Reindl, T K" uniqKey="Reindl T">T.K. Reindl</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Meyer, S" uniqKey="Meyer S">S. Meyer</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Berrang, J" uniqKey="Berrang J">J. Berrang</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Henze, G" uniqKey="Henze G">G. Henze</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Graeber, S" uniqKey="Graeber S">S. Graeber</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Ong, M F" uniqKey="Ong M">M.F. Ong</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Graf, N" uniqKey="Graf N">N. Graf</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Dune, L S" uniqKey="Dune L">L.S. Dune</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Shiao, S Y" uniqKey="Shiao S">S.Y. Shiao</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Ezzo, J M" uniqKey="Ezzo J">J.M. Ezzo</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Richardson, M A" uniqKey="Richardson M">M.A. Richardson</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Vickers, A" uniqKey="Vickers A">A. Vickers</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Allen, C" uniqKey="Allen C">C. Allen</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Dibble, S" uniqKey="Dibble S">S. Dibble</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Issell, B F" uniqKey="Issell B">B.F. Issell</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Lao, L" uniqKey="Lao L">L. Lao</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Pearl, M" uniqKey="Pearl M">M. Pearl</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Ramirez, G" uniqKey="Ramirez G">G. Ramirez</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Roscoe, J A" uniqKey="Roscoe J">J.A. Roscoe</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Lee, A" uniqKey="Lee A">A. Lee</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Fan, L T" uniqKey="Fan L">L.T. Fan</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Molassiotis, A" uniqKey="Molassiotis A">A. Molassiotis</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Russell, W" uniqKey="Russell W">W. Russell</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Hughes, J" uniqKey="Hughes J">J. Hughes</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Breckons, M" uniqKey="Breckons M">M. Breckons</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Lloyd Williams, M" uniqKey="Lloyd Williams M">M. Lloyd-Williams</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Richardson, J" uniqKey="Richardson J">J. Richardson</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Hulme, C" uniqKey="Hulme C">C. Hulme</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Brearley, S G" uniqKey="Brearley S">S.G. Brearley</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Campbell, M" uniqKey="Campbell M">M. Campbell</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Garrow, A" uniqKey="Garrow A">A. Garrow</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Jones, E" uniqKey="Jones E">E. Jones</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Isom, S" uniqKey="Isom S">S. Isom</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Kemper, K J" uniqKey="Kemper K">K.J. Kemper</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Mclean, T W" uniqKey="Mclean T">T.W. McLean</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Landier, W" uniqKey="Landier W">W. Landier</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Tse, A M" uniqKey="Tse A">A.M. Tse</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Kanitz, J L" uniqKey="Kanitz J">J.L. Kanitz</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Camus, M E" uniqKey="Camus M">M.E. Camus</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Seifert, G" uniqKey="Seifert G">G. Seifert</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Ahmed, M" uniqKey="Ahmed M">M. Ahmed</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Modak, S" uniqKey="Modak S">S. Modak</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Sequeira, S" uniqKey="Sequeira S">S. Sequeira</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct></biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Gonella, S" uniqKey="Gonella S">S. Gonella</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Garrino, L" uniqKey="Garrino L">L. Garrino</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Dimonte, V" uniqKey="Dimonte V">V. Dimonte</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Thrane, S" uniqKey="Thrane S">S. Thrane</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Cohen, S M" uniqKey="Cohen S">S.M. Cohen</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Wong, J" uniqKey="Wong J">J. Wong</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Ghiasuddin, A" uniqKey="Ghiasuddin A">A. Ghiasuddin</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Kimata, C" uniqKey="Kimata C">C. Kimata</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Patelesio, B" uniqKey="Patelesio B">B. Patelesio</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Siu, A" uniqKey="Siu A">A. Siu</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Kirkwood, G" uniqKey="Kirkwood G">G. Kirkwood</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Rampes, H" uniqKey="Rampes H">H. Rampes</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Tuffrey, V" uniqKey="Tuffrey V">V. Tuffrey</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Richardson, J" uniqKey="Richardson J">J. Richardson</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Pilkington, K" uniqKey="Pilkington K">K. Pilkington</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Pilkington, K" uniqKey="Pilkington K">K. Pilkington</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Kirkwood, G" uniqKey="Kirkwood G">G. Kirkwood</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Rampes, H" uniqKey="Rampes H">H. Rampes</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Richardsona, J" uniqKey="Richardsona J">J. Richardsona</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Selvamurthy, W" uniqKey="Selvamurthy W">W. Selvamurthy</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Sridharan, K" uniqKey="Sridharan K">K. Sridharan</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Ray, U S" uniqKey="Ray U">U.S. Ray</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Tiwary, R S" uniqKey="Tiwary R">R.S. Tiwary</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Hegde, K S" uniqKey="Hegde K">K.S. Hegde</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Radhakrishan, U" uniqKey="Radhakrishan U">U. Radhakrishan</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Sinha, K C" uniqKey="Sinha K">K.C. Sinha</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Mccaffrey, R" uniqKey="Mccaffrey R">R. McCaffrey</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Ruknui, P" uniqKey="Ruknui P">P. Ruknui</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Hatthakit, U" uniqKey="Hatthakit U">U. Hatthakit</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Kasetsomboon, P" uniqKey="Kasetsomboon P">P. Kasetsomboon</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Cramer, H" uniqKey="Cramer H">H. Cramer</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Lange, S" uniqKey="Lange S">S. Lange</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Klose, P" uniqKey="Klose P">P. Klose</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Paul, A" uniqKey="Paul A">A. Paul</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Dobos, G" uniqKey="Dobos G">G. Dobos</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Bower, J E" uniqKey="Bower J">J.E. Bower</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Woolery, A" uniqKey="Woolery A">A. Woolery</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Sternlieb, B" uniqKey="Sternlieb B">B. Sternlieb</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Garet, D" uniqKey="Garet D">D. Garet</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Galantino, M L" uniqKey="Galantino M">M.L. Galantino</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Galbavy, R" uniqKey="Galbavy R">R. Galbavy</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Quinn, L" uniqKey="Quinn L">L. Quinn</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Thygeson, M V" uniqKey="Thygeson M">M.V. Thygeson</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Hooke, M C" uniqKey="Hooke M">M.C. Hooke</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Clapsaddle, J" uniqKey="Clapsaddle J">J. Clapsaddle</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Robbins, A" uniqKey="Robbins A">A. Robbins</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Moquist, K" uniqKey="Moquist K">K. Moquist</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Geyer, R" uniqKey="Geyer R">R. Geyer</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Lyons, A" uniqKey="Lyons A">A. Lyons</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Amazeen, L" uniqKey="Amazeen L">L. Amazeen</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Alishio, L" uniqKey="Alishio L">L. Alishio</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Cooks, L" uniqKey="Cooks L">L. Cooks</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Kelly, K M" uniqKey="Kelly K">K.M. Kelly</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Sencer, S F" uniqKey="Sencer S">S.F. Sencer</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Kelly, K M" uniqKey="Kelly K">K.M. Kelly</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Kelly, K M" uniqKey="Kelly K">K.M. Kelly</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct></biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Meyer Hamme, G" uniqKey="Meyer Hamme G">G. Meyer-Hamme</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Beckmann, K" uniqKey="Beckmann K">K. Beckmann</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Radtke, J" uniqKey="Radtke J">J. Radtke</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Efferth, T" uniqKey="Efferth T">T. Efferth</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Greten, H J" uniqKey="Greten H">H.J. Greten</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Rostock, M" uniqKey="Rostock M">M. Rostock</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Schroder, S" uniqKey="Schroder S">S. Schröder</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Zhang, M" uniqKey="Zhang M">M. Zhang</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Li, J" uniqKey="Li J">J. Li</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="He, L" uniqKey="He L">L. He</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Tripathy, D" uniqKey="Tripathy D">D. Tripathy</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Bertoglio, J C" uniqKey="Bertoglio J">J.C. Bertoglio</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Folatre, I" uniqKey="Folatre I">I. Folatre</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Bombardelli, E" uniqKey="Bombardelli E">E. Bombardelli</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Riva, A" uniqKey="Riva A">A. Riva</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Morazzoni, P" uniqKey="Morazzoni P">P. Morazzoni</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Ronchi, M" uniqKey="Ronchi M">M. Ronchi</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Petrangolini, G" uniqKey="Petrangolini G">G. Petrangolini</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Pawar, D" uniqKey="Pawar D">D. Pawar</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Neve, R S" uniqKey="Neve R">R.S. Neve</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Kalgane, S" uniqKey="Kalgane S">S. Kalgane</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Riva, A" uniqKey="Riva A">A. Riva</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Bombardelli, E" uniqKey="Bombardelli E">E. Bombardelli</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Ronchi, M" uniqKey="Ronchi M">M. Ronchi</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Petrangolini, G" uniqKey="Petrangolini G">G. Petrangolini</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Morazzoni, P" uniqKey="Morazzoni P">P. Morazzoni</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Seely, D" uniqKey="Seely D">D. Seely</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Wu, P" uniqKey="Wu P">P. Wu</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Fritz, H" uniqKey="Fritz H">H. Fritz</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Kennedy, D A" uniqKey="Kennedy D">D.A. Kennedy</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Tsui, T" uniqKey="Tsui T">T. Tsui</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Seely, A J E" uniqKey="Seely A">A.J.E. Seely</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Mills, E" uniqKey="Mills E">E. Mills</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Fischer Rasmussen, W" uniqKey="Fischer Rasmussen W">W. Fischer-Rasmussen</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Kjaer, S K" uniqKey="Kjaer S">S.K. Kjaer</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Dahl, C" uniqKey="Dahl C">C. Dahl</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Asping, U" uniqKey="Asping U">U. Asping</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Keating, A" uniqKey="Keating A">A. Keating</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Chez, R A" uniqKey="Chez R">R.A. Chez</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Ozgoli, G" uniqKey="Ozgoli G">G. Ozgoli</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Goli, M" uniqKey="Goli M">M. Goli</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Simbar, M" uniqKey="Simbar M">M. Simbar</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Smith, C" uniqKey="Smith C">C. Smith</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Crowther, C" uniqKey="Crowther C">C. Crowther</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Willson, K" uniqKey="Willson K">K. Willson</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Hotham, N B" uniqKey="Hotham N">N.B. Hotham</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Mcmillian, V B" uniqKey="Mcmillian V">V.B. McMillian</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Arfeen, Z" uniqKey="Arfeen Z">Z. Arfeen</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Owen, H" uniqKey="Owen H">H. Owen</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Plummer, J L" uniqKey="Plummer J">J.L. Plummer</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Ilsley, A H" uniqKey="Ilsley A">A.H. Ilsley</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Sorby Adams, R A" uniqKey="Sorby Adams R">R.A. Sorby-Adams</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Doecke, C J" uniqKey="Doecke C">C.J. Doecke</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Bone, M E" uniqKey="Bone M">M.E. Bone</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Wilkinson, D J" uniqKey="Wilkinson D">D.J. Wilkinson</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Young, J R" uniqKey="Young J">J.R. Young</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Mcneil, J" uniqKey="Mcneil J">J. McNeil</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Charlton, S" uniqKey="Charlton S">S. Charlton</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Phillips, S" uniqKey="Phillips S">S. Phillips</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Ruggier, R" uniqKey="Ruggier R">R. Ruggier</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Hutchinson, S E" uniqKey="Hutchinson S">S.E. Hutchinson</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Visalyaputra, S" uniqKey="Visalyaputra S">S. Visalyaputra</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Petchpaisit, N" uniqKey="Petchpaisit N">N. Petchpaisit</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Somcharoen, K" uniqKey="Somcharoen K">K. Somcharoen</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Choavaratana, R" uniqKey="Choavaratana R">R. Choavaratana</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Ryan, J L" uniqKey="Ryan J">J.L. Ryan</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Heckler, C E" uniqKey="Heckler C">C.E. Heckler</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Roscoe, J A" uniqKey="Roscoe J">J.A. Roscoe</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Dakhil, S R" uniqKey="Dakhil S">S.R. Dakhil</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Kirshner, J" uniqKey="Kirshner J">J. Kirshner</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Flynn, P J" uniqKey="Flynn P">P.J. Flynn</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Hickok, J T" uniqKey="Hickok J">J.T. Hickok</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Morrow, G R" uniqKey="Morrow G">G.R. Morrow</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Gerbitz, A" uniqKey="Gerbitz A">A. Gerbitz</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Schultz, M" uniqKey="Schultz M">M. Schultz</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Wilke, A" uniqKey="Wilke A">A. Wilke</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Linde, H J" uniqKey="Linde H">H.-J. Linde</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Scholmerich, J" uniqKey="Scholmerich J">J. Schölmerich</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Andreesen, R" uniqKey="Andreesen R">R. Andreesen</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Holler, E" uniqKey="Holler E">E. Holler</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Wada, M" uniqKey="Wada M">M. Wada</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Nagata, S" uniqKey="Nagata S">S. Nagata</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Saito, M" uniqKey="Saito M">M. Saito</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Shimizu, T" uniqKey="Shimizu T">T. Shimizu</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Yamashiro, Y" uniqKey="Yamashiro Y">Y. Yamashiro</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Matsuki, T" uniqKey="Matsuki T">T. Matsuki</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Asahara, T" uniqKey="Asahara T">T. Asahara</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Nomoto, K" uniqKey="Nomoto K">K. Nomoto</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Stachowicz Stencel, T" uniqKey="Stachowicz Stencel T">T. Stachowicz-Stencel</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Synakiewicz, A" uniqKey="Synakiewicz A">A. Synakiewicz</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Kuskonmaz, B" uniqKey="Kuskonmaz B">B. Kuskonmaz</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Yalcin, S" uniqKey="Yalcin S">S. Yalcin</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Kucukbayrak, O" uniqKey="Kucukbayrak O">O. Kucukbayrak</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Cetin, N" uniqKey="Cetin N">N. Cetin</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Cetin, M" uniqKey="Cetin M">M. Cetin</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Tezcan, I" uniqKey="Tezcan I">I. Tezcan</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Uckan, D" uniqKey="Uckan D">D. Uckan</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Aquino, V M" uniqKey="Aquino V">V.M. Aquino</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Harvey, A R" uniqKey="Harvey A">A.R. Harvey</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Garvin, J H" uniqKey="Garvin J">J.H. Garvin</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Godder, K T" uniqKey="Godder K">K.T. Godder</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Nieder, M L" uniqKey="Nieder M">M.L. Nieder</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Adams, R H" uniqKey="Adams R">R.H. Adams</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Jackson, G B" uniqKey="Jackson G">G.B. Jackson</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Sandler, E S" uniqKey="Sandler E">E.S. Sandler</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Yildirim, Z K" uniqKey="Yildirim Z">Z.K. Yildirim</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Bidev, D" uniqKey="Bidev D">D. Bidev</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Buyukavci, M" uniqKey="Buyukavci M">M. Buyukavci</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Amara, S" uniqKey="Amara S">S. Amara</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct></biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Hockenberry, M J" uniqKey="Hockenberry M">M.J. Hockenberry</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Hooke, M C" uniqKey="Hooke M">M.C. Hooke</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Gregurich, M" uniqKey="Gregurich M">M. Gregurich</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Mccarthy, K" uniqKey="Mccarthy K">K. McCarthy</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Sood, A" uniqKey="Sood A">A. Sood</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Barton, D L" uniqKey="Barton D">D.L. Barton</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Bauer, B A" uniqKey="Bauer B">B.A. Bauer</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Loprinzi, C L" uniqKey="Loprinzi C">C.L. Loprinzi</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Cruciani, R A" uniqKey="Cruciani R">R.A. Cruciani</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Zhang, J J" uniqKey="Zhang J">J.J. Zhang</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Manola, J" uniqKey="Manola J">J. Manola</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Cella, D" uniqKey="Cella D">D. Cella</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Ansari, B" uniqKey="Ansari B">B. Ansari</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Fisch, M J" uniqKey="Fisch M">M.J. Fisch</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Block, K I" uniqKey="Block K">K.I. Block</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Gyllenhaal, C" uniqKey="Gyllenhaal C">C. Gyllenhaal</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Mead, M N" uniqKey="Mead M">M.N. Mead</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Kennedy, D D" uniqKey="Kennedy D">D.D. Kennedy</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Tucker, K L" uniqKey="Tucker K">K.L. Tucker</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Ladas, E D" uniqKey="Ladas E">E.D. Ladas</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Rheingold, S R" uniqKey="Rheingold S">S.R. Rheingold</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Blumberg, J" uniqKey="Blumberg J">J. Blumberg</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Kelly, K M" uniqKey="Kelly K">K.M. Kelly</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Lawenda, B D" uniqKey="Lawenda B">B.D. Lawenda</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Kelly, K M" uniqKey="Kelly K">K.M. Kelly</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Ladas, E J" uniqKey="Ladas E">E.J. Ladas</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Sagar, S M" uniqKey="Sagar S">S.M. Sagar</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Vickers, A" uniqKey="Vickers A">A. Vickers</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Blumberg, J B" uniqKey="Blumberg J">J.B. Blumberg</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Ladas, E J" uniqKey="Ladas E">E.J. Ladas</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Kroll, D J" uniqKey="Kroll D">D.J. Kroll</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Oberlies, N H" uniqKey="Oberlies N">N.H. Oberlies</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Cheng, B" uniqKey="Cheng B">B. Cheng</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Ndao, D H" uniqKey="Ndao D">D.H. Ndao</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Rheingold, S R" uniqKey="Rheingold S">S.R. Rheingold</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Kelly, K M" uniqKey="Kelly K">K.M. Kelly</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Fearon, K C" uniqKey="Fearon K">K.C. Fearon</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Von Meyenfeldt, M F" uniqKey="Von Meyenfeldt M">M.F. von Meyenfeldt</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Moses, A G" uniqKey="Moses A">A.G. Moses</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Van Geenen, R" uniqKey="Van Geenen R">R. van Geenen</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Roy, A" uniqKey="Roy A">A. Roy</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Gouma, D J" uniqKey="Gouma D">D.J. Gouma</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Giacosa, A" uniqKey="Giacosa A">A. Giacosa</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Van Gossum, A" uniqKey="Van Gossum A">A. van Gossum</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Bauer, J" uniqKey="Bauer J">J. Bauer</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Barber, M D" uniqKey="Barber M">M.D. Barber</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Van Der Meij, B S" uniqKey="Van Der Meij B">B.S. Van der Meij</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Langius, J A" uniqKey="Langius J">J.A. Langius</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Spreeuwenberg, M D" uniqKey="Spreeuwenberg M">M.D. Spreeuwenberg</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Slootmaker, S M" uniqKey="Slootmaker S">S.M. Slootmaker</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Paul, M A" uniqKey="Paul M">M.A. Paul</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Smit, E F" uniqKey="Smit E">E.F. Smit</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Van Leeuwen, P A M" uniqKey="Van Leeuwen P">P.A.M. van Leeuwen</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Gadoth, N" uniqKey="Gadoth N">N. Gadoth</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Milte, C M" uniqKey="Milte C">C.M. Milte</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Parletta, N" uniqKey="Parletta N">N. Parletta</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Buckley, J D" uniqKey="Buckley J">J.D. Buckley</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Coates, A M" uniqKey="Coates A">A.M. Coates</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Young, R M" uniqKey="Young R">R.M. Young</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Howe, P R C" uniqKey="Howe P">P.R.C. Howe</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Ernst, E" uniqKey="Ernst E">E. Ernst</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Lim, A" uniqKey="Lim A">A. Lim</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Cranswick, N" uniqKey="Cranswick N">N. Cranswick</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="South, M" uniqKey="South M">M. South</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct></biblStruct>
<biblStruct></biblStruct>
<biblStruct></biblStruct>
<biblStruct></biblStruct>
</listBibl>
</div1>
</back>
</TEI>
<pmc article-type="review-article">
<pmc-dir>properties open_access</pmc-dir>
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Children (Basel)</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Children (Basel)</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">children</journal-id>
<journal-title-group>
<journal-title>Children</journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="epub">2227-9067</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name>MDPI</publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="pmid">27417488</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="pmc">4928739</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.3390/children1030424</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">children-01-00424</article-id>
<article-categories>
<subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
<subject>Review</subject>
</subj-group>
</article-categories>
<title-group>
<article-title>Integrative Therapy Use for Management of Side Effects and Toxicities Experienced by Pediatric Oncology Patients</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Jacobs</surname>
<given-names>Shana S</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="editor">
<name>
<surname>Sung</surname>
<given-names>Lillian</given-names>
</name>
<role>External Editor</role>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="editor">
<name>
<surname>Nathan</surname>
<given-names>Paul</given-names>
</name>
<role>External Editor</role>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="af1-children-01-00424">Children’s National Medical Center, 111 Michigan Ave, NW, Washington DC 20010, USA; E-Mail:
<email>ssjacobs@childrensnational.org</email>
; Tel.: +1-202-476-2800</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>14</day>
<month>11</month>
<year>2014</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="collection">
<month>12</month>
<year>2014</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>1</volume>
<issue>3</issue>
<fpage>424</fpage>
<lpage>440</lpage>
<history>
<date date-type="received">
<day>16</day>
<month>9</month>
<year>2014</year>
</date>
<date date-type="rev-recd">
<day>11</day>
<month>10</month>
<year>2014</year>
</date>
<date date-type="accepted">
<day>29</day>
<month>10</month>
<year>2014</year>
</date>
</history>
<permissions>
<copyright-statement>© 2014 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2014</copyright-year>
<license>
<license-p>
<pmc-comment>CREATIVE COMMONS</pmc-comment>
This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license (
<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</ext-link>
).</license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<abstract>
<p>Integrative Therapies (IT), otherwise known as Complementary and Alternative Medicine, are widely used among pediatric oncology patients, despite a paucity of available evidence. This review summarizes surveys that describe the prevalence of IT use by pediatric oncology patients, both during therapy and in survivorship, as well as the modalities being used. Additionally, the evidence that exists for specific treatments that appear to be efficacious in controlling specific symptoms is described. Finally, there are recommendations for practitioners on how to best counsel patients about IT use.</p>
</abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd>complementary and alternative medicine</kwd>
<kwd>mind-body</kwd>
<kwd>traditional Chinese medicine</kwd>
<kwd>herbs</kwd>
<kwd>massage</kwd>
<kwd>acupuncture</kwd>
<kwd>yoga</kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front>
<body>
<sec>
<title>1. Introduction</title>
<p>Integrative therapies (IT), sometimes referred to as complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) refer to health care approaches with a history of use or origins outside of mainstream medicine, and incorporate a range of different health care approaches [
<xref rid="B1-children-01-00424" ref-type="bibr">1</xref>
]. IT can be classified into mind-body interventions (hypnosis/hypnotherapy, meditation, faith healers, imagery), energy field therapies (acupuncture, acupressure, reiki, qi gong, therapeutic touch), body work (massage, osteopathic manipulation), and biological agents (vitamins, traditional Chinese medicine/herbs, nutritional supplements, plant extracts).</p>
<p>There are two compelling reasons for members of the health care team that treat pediatric oncology patients to increase familiarity with IT; first, IT is commonly employed by our patients and families and additionally, while the evidence for the effectiveness of these interventions is still building, some of these modalities are useful components of our supportive care arsenal for controlling the side effects of cancer treatments. In particular, the non-pharmacologic approaches are attractive given the possibility of ameliorating side effects without interacting with the many other medications patients are taking. This review will discuss both the types of IT being used by pediatric oncology patients, during therapy and in survivorship, and briefly mention those treatments that appear to be efficacious in controlling specific symptoms.</p>
<sec>
<title>1.1. IT Use in Children and Adolescents with Cancer</title>
<p>Multiple studies have surveyed the prevalence of IT use among pediatric oncology patients. In 2010, Bishop
<italic>at al.</italic>
published a meta-analysis of all published surveys regarding IT use among pediatric cancer patients [
<xref rid="B2-children-01-00424" ref-type="bibr">2</xref>
]. They found that these prior surveys yielded inconsistent results; IT prevalence ranged from 6%–91% in the prior studies (although most were in the range of 20%–60%). Some of the inconsistency resulted from different definitions of IT in different studies and different methodology. For example, some studies list types of IT in the survey, while others ask open-ended questions regarding use. In the latter case, some respondents might not consider their practices, such as taking vitamins, or spiritual healing, to be “IT” and therefore might under-report. Additionally, studies report on different patient populations, including multiple different countries, where practices may differ greatly. The most commonly and consistently reported IT modalities were herbal remedies, diets and nutrition, and faith-healing. IT was primarily employed by patients to cure or help fight the child’s cancer, to provide symptomatic relief, and to support conventional medicine, such as to relieve toxicities. The analysis reported that IT use was not associated with gender, age, ethnicity, or family income of pediatric patients with cancer.</p>
<p>Since that review was published there have been a few additional surveys of IT use in pediatric cancer. Gottschling recently published a population-based survey, covering 457 pediatric oncology patients across Germany and with a high response rate, suggesting that non-users were likely to be represented [
<xref rid="B3-children-01-00424" ref-type="bibr">3</xref>
]. In this study, IT use actually dropped after the cancer diagnosis, with 41% reporting use prior to the diagnosis and only 31% since the diagnosis. Of note, this study did not include prayer/spiritual healing which may partly explain the low rates. An interesting finding in this study was that 78% of patients informed a physician of their IT use, a number higher than that cited in other studies, though only 16% of the attending pediatric oncologists reacted approvingly. Since a portion of patients stopped use after diagnosis, this may indicate that physician disapproval influences patients’ discontinuation of IT use. Other studies have documented that most patients and parents do not discuss their use of IT with their physicians, and most pediatric oncologists do not ask about IT use [
<xref rid="B4-children-01-00424" ref-type="bibr">4</xref>
,
<xref rid="B5-children-01-00424" ref-type="bibr">5</xref>
,
<xref rid="B6-children-01-00424" ref-type="bibr">6</xref>
,
<xref rid="B7-children-01-00424" ref-type="bibr">7</xref>
,
<xref rid="B8-children-01-00424" ref-type="bibr">8</xref>
]. This fact is striking given that most pediatric oncology patients are participating in clinical trials where concomitant medications and their side effects are important to track and report [
<xref rid="B4-children-01-00424" ref-type="bibr">4</xref>
], and further compounded as many patients increase IT use when upfront therapy fails [
<xref rid="B8-children-01-00424" ref-type="bibr">8</xref>
], a time when many patients are enrolled in studies of investigational agents subject to even closer monitoring. In a study of adults enrolled in phase I trials, 52% of patients were using some sort of integrative therapy, and 77% of those were using a pharmacologic form of IT. Only 23% of patients revealed their IT use to their physician despite the importance of discussing all medications used during a phase I trial [
<xref rid="B9-children-01-00424" ref-type="bibr">9</xref>
].</p>
<p>Interestingly, in Heath’s study of parents whose children died of cancer, parents who had open discussions with the treating physician about treatment alternatives were more likely to use IT [
<xref rid="B10-children-01-00424" ref-type="bibr">10</xref>
]. This may suggest that physicians counseling patients at end of life might have been less negative about IT than those treating patients on cure-directed therapy.</p>
<p>Gottschling’s study also revealed differences in IT modalities used by different age groups; while both children and adolescents used homeopathy and massage most commonly, children used anthroposophic medicine (a practice very common in Germany but rare in the United States) third most while adolescents turned more to acupuncture and vitamin preparations. While the specific modalities may be most relevant for a German population, the concept that the usage varies by age is important to consider, perhaps reflecting different rates of acceptance of different modalities by younger
<italic>versus</italic>
older children, or different influences of parental experiences.</p>
<p>Multiple surveys report very high expectations of the patients using IT: In Gottschling’s study 68% of the children’s guardians and 55% of adolescents were confident or even absolutely sure that IT has beneficial effects. This is consistent with other studies where most patients report that IT therapies have helped them [
<xref rid="B7-children-01-00424" ref-type="bibr">7</xref>
]. In Heath’s study of bereaved parents, the majority (78%) of respondents felt their child had benefited from IT use, even though parents whose children had used IT reported significantly lower levels of “child enjoyment” during the last month of life than parents whose children had not used IT [
<xref rid="B10-children-01-00424" ref-type="bibr">10</xref>
].</p>
</sec>
</sec>
<sec>
<title>2. Evidence for IT</title>
<sec>
<title>2.1. Limitations of Research</title>
<p>Research on IT is complex and usually more difficult than that of conventional therapies, particularly in children with cancer. Preclinical and phase I studies are often not done. Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) and other traditional medicine techniques use a very personalized approach that individualizes treatment, using multiple herbs simultaneously, to restore an individual’s well-being rather than focusing more generally on a type of disease. The whole concept of disease and wellness is different than in Western medicine, and the herbs used have multiple components. These aspects of IT make good randomized clinical trials of the biological therapies very challenging [
<xref rid="B11-children-01-00424" ref-type="bibr">11</xref>
,
<xref rid="B12-children-01-00424" ref-type="bibr">12</xref>
] Investigations of non-pharmacologic therapies such as massage and acupuncture are hampered by the challenges of finding appropriate placebos, and the difficulty of ensuring a uniform approach between practitioners and from patient to patient [
<xref rid="B13-children-01-00424" ref-type="bibr">13</xref>
,
<xref rid="B14-children-01-00424" ref-type="bibr">14</xref>
]. Even in studies of adults with cancer, many of the studies done lack adequate controls, or are very small and underpowered to demonstrate efficacy [
<xref rid="B15-children-01-00424" ref-type="bibr">15</xref>
,
<xref rid="B16-children-01-00424" ref-type="bibr">16</xref>
]. The rarity of childhood cancer further reduces the incentive for many IT providers to scientifically evaluate therapies in children and adolescents and the ability of studies to show an effect of intervention.</p>
</sec>
<sec>
<title>2.2. Multiple Modalities</title>
<p>Despite the difficulties inherent in studying IT and the sometimes weak or conflicting evidence, several authors have tried to provide thorough reviews of the available evidence. Hunt evaluated IT use for all pediatric patients and concluded the evidence is strongest for acupuncture for post-operative nausea and vomiting, homeopathy for childhood diarrhea, massage for increasing sleep hours and hypnotherapy for reducing procedure-related pain [
<xref rid="B17-children-01-00424" ref-type="bibr">17</xref>
]. Poder performed a systematic review of all non-pharmacologic forms of IT and found fair evidence for some modalities, including massage, acupuncture, imagery, art therapy, and music therapy. Because of faulty design methods, very few modalities were able to be rated more than “fair”, although evidence was slightly better for distraction and hypnosis which both have demonstrated improvements in pain, anxiety, distress, fear and nausea, especially in younger children. Evidence for chiropractic in pediatric oncology is lacking [
<xref rid="B18-children-01-00424" ref-type="bibr">18</xref>
]. While evaluating non-pharmacological IT interventions specifically for pain and anxiety, Thrane found that most studies looked primarily at the effects of IT on these symptoms around procedures, and that hypnosis and music therapy were the most helpful in ameliorating procedure-related distress [
<xref rid="B19-children-01-00424" ref-type="bibr">19</xref>
].</p>
</sec>
<sec>
<title>2.3. Massage</title>
<p>Massage is one of the more commonly employed forms of IT used by children in general and specifically children with cancer. In a review of massage in pediatric patients, Beider and Moyer reported on 24 randomized controlled trials, accounting for 200 participants, completed between 1992 and 2006. Despite the statistical and design flaws in many of the studies, the authors find strong evidence for the effect of massage on anxiety in children, particularly after repeated sessions of massage [
<xref rid="B20-children-01-00424" ref-type="bibr">20</xref>
]. This finding is consistent with studies of massage in adults with cancer, where anxiety is the symptom most consistently reported as positively affected by massage, especially immediately after the massage [
<xref rid="B21-children-01-00424" ref-type="bibr">21</xref>
,
<xref rid="B22-children-01-00424" ref-type="bibr">22</xref>
,
<xref rid="B23-children-01-00424" ref-type="bibr">23</xref>
,
<xref rid="B24-children-01-00424" ref-type="bibr">24</xref>
]. Other symptoms improved by massage include pain, nausea, depression, anger, stress, and fatigue [
<xref rid="B25-children-01-00424" ref-type="bibr">25</xref>
,
<xref rid="B26-children-01-00424" ref-type="bibr">26</xref>
,
<xref rid="B27-children-01-00424" ref-type="bibr">27</xref>
,
<xref rid="B28-children-01-00424" ref-type="bibr">28</xref>
,
<xref rid="B29-children-01-00424" ref-type="bibr">29</xref>
,
<xref rid="B30-children-01-00424" ref-type="bibr">30</xref>
]. Most positive effects are short lived (immediately following the massage to within a half hour after), though some longer term effects have been noted [
<xref rid="B31-children-01-00424" ref-type="bibr">31</xref>
,
<xref rid="B32-children-01-00424" ref-type="bibr">32</xref>
].</p>
<p>In pediatric oncology patients, one small study of a mixed age, mixed diagnosis cohort revealed positive effects on reducing heart rate and anxiety, and participants had very positive evaluations of their massage experience [
<xref rid="B33-children-01-00424" ref-type="bibr">33</xref>
]. Another Portuguese study revealed moderate improvements in pain interference [
<xref rid="B34-children-01-00424" ref-type="bibr">34</xref>
]. A few studies have investigated massage in children undergoing bone marrow transplantation. In the first, 50 children with cancer undergoing bone marrow transplantation received professional massage, parent massage or were controls. Results indicated statistically significant differences in days to engraftment in the combined (parent and professional) massage group. Results from the professional massage group yielded a significant decrease in immediate anxiety and discomfort [
<xref rid="B35-children-01-00424" ref-type="bibr">35</xref>
]. A follow up study at the same center compared a child intervention group (humor + massage), a parent intervention group (massage + relaxation) and standard of care control and found no differences in depression, quality of life, or post-traumatic stress, though all groups (intervention and control) improved over time and all groups had very high adjustment [
<xref rid="B36-children-01-00424" ref-type="bibr">36</xref>
] Another smaller pilot study of three times weekly massage combined with acupressure
<italic>versus</italic>
standard of care control showed trends towards benefits in pain, nausea, fatigue and mucositits [
<xref rid="B37-children-01-00424" ref-type="bibr">37</xref>
], and described high levels of parent/caregiver satisfaction with the intervention [
<xref rid="B38-children-01-00424" ref-type="bibr">38</xref>
].</p>
</sec>
<sec>
<title>2.4. Acupuncture and Acupressure</title>
<p>Acupuncture describes a family of techniques in which small needles, heat, or electrical stimulation are placed at very precise anatomical points. Acupuncture is a key component of TCM. Acupuncture points are situated on meridians along which qi (a “life energy”) flows. Acupressure applies pressure (by hand or by another device) to the same acupuncture points.</p>
<p>In adult cancer patients, studies have demonstrated efficacy of acupuncture in managing symptoms such as nausea and vomiting [
<xref rid="B39-children-01-00424" ref-type="bibr">39</xref>
,
<xref rid="B40-children-01-00424" ref-type="bibr">40</xref>
,
<xref rid="B41-children-01-00424" ref-type="bibr">41</xref>
], pain, fatigue, anxiety, and insomnia [
<xref rid="B42-children-01-00424" ref-type="bibr">42</xref>
,
<xref rid="B43-children-01-00424" ref-type="bibr">43</xref>
]. While evidence regarding use of acupuncture in pediatric conditions has not been as well demonstrated [
<xref rid="B14-children-01-00424" ref-type="bibr">14</xref>
], acupuncture has been shown to be well tolerated in children [
<xref rid="B44-children-01-00424" ref-type="bibr">44</xref>
,
<xref rid="B45-children-01-00424" ref-type="bibr">45</xref>
], including no bleeding complications, even in thrombocytopenic patients [
<xref rid="B46-children-01-00424" ref-type="bibr">46</xref>
]. Efficacy has been suggested in ameliorating pediatric pain (not oncology specific) [
<xref rid="B47-children-01-00424" ref-type="bibr">47</xref>
,
<xref rid="B48-children-01-00424" ref-type="bibr">48</xref>
,
<xref rid="B49-children-01-00424" ref-type="bibr">49</xref>
] and in reducing chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting [
<xref rid="B50-children-01-00424" ref-type="bibr">50</xref>
]. In addition, a meta-analysis of the effects of acustimulation (acupuncture, acupressure and electrical stimulation) on post-operative nausea and vomiting showed that acustimulation significantly reduced both vomiting and nausea [
<xref rid="B51-children-01-00424" ref-type="bibr">51</xref>
].</p>
<p>Acupressure works similarly to acupuncture but uses pressure rather than needles, which is appealing for needle phobic children or when a trained practitioner is not available. The most common type of acupressure is the use of wrist bands which apply pressure to the P6 (Nei Kuan) acupressure point on the ventral surface of the wrist. In adults with cancer, a meta-analysis demonstrated that acupressure reduced both mean and worst acute nausea severity in conjunction with standard antiemetics [
<xref rid="B52-children-01-00424" ref-type="bibr">52</xref>
,
<xref rid="B53-children-01-00424" ref-type="bibr">53</xref>
]. However, a large 3-arm adult oncology study that incorporated a sham acupressure arm demonstrated a decrease in nausea in both the sham and the real acupressure arms, emphasizing the high potential for placebo effect in these types of studies [
<xref rid="B54-children-01-00424" ref-type="bibr">54</xref>
]. A pilot cross-over study in pediatric oncology patients showed that acupressure is safe, feasible, and well-received [
<xref rid="B55-children-01-00424" ref-type="bibr">55</xref>
]; a larger randomized study is ongoing.</p>
</sec>
<sec>
<title>2.5. Mind-Body Therapies</title>
<p>Landier
<italic>et al.</italic>
reviewed all studies of IT for procedure-related discomfort in pediatric oncology and found that several mind-body therapies, including hypnosis, cognitive distraction, and imagery, can be effective adjunctive therapies to manage procedure-related pain, anxiety, and distress. They found that hypnosis is particularly helpful for procedures highly associated with pain (e.g., bone marrows and lumbar punctures), and for reducing anticipatory anxiety, especially for children with higher levels of hypnotic susceptibility (often the 7–14 year age group) and when used in combination with pharmacological therapies [
<xref rid="B56-children-01-00424" ref-type="bibr">56</xref>
]. Other reviews of non-pharmacological interventions for procedure-associated distress have also agreed that hypnosis was helpful [
<xref rid="B19-children-01-00424" ref-type="bibr">19</xref>
,
<xref rid="B57-children-01-00424" ref-type="bibr">57</xref>
]. Additionally, a small retrospective study of meditation in children with neuroblastoma receiving monoclonal antibody therapy showed that meditation significantly reduced analgesic use [
<xref rid="B58-children-01-00424" ref-type="bibr">58</xref>
].</p>
</sec>
<sec>
<title>2.6. Energy Therapies</title>
<p>Energy healing therapy, or biofield therapies, “involves the channeling of healing energy through the hands of a practitioner into the client’s body to restore a normal energy balance and, therefore, health” [
<xref rid="B59-children-01-00424" ref-type="bibr">59</xref>
]. Energy therapies include Reiki, therapeutic touch, and healing touch. These therapies have been minimally studied in adults with cancer. A recent review of biofield therapies in adults with cancer showed some conflicting effects on symptom reduction, but generally positive effects on pain reduction and psychological distress (anxiety, depression and stress), and improvements in quality of life. In several instances, the positive effects were not maintained, and there were some negative studies as well. In addition, most of the studies performed were not sufficiently powered or had a quasi-experimental design, limiting the usefulness of the data [
<xref rid="B60-children-01-00424" ref-type="bibr">60</xref>
]. Another review of Reiki in adults with pain analyzed seven subjects (four were cancer patients) and suggested an effect on pain and anxiety [
<xref rid="B61-children-01-00424" ref-type="bibr">61</xref>
]. There is even more limited data in pediatric oncology patients. One very small (nine patients) study of healing touch
<italic>versus</italic>
a “reading/play” control showed decreases in pain, stress, and fatigue for participants, parents, and caregivers [
<xref rid="B62-children-01-00424" ref-type="bibr">62</xref>
]. Overall, energy therapies appear to be well received by children and adult cancer patients with no adverse effects, but the data supporting their use is lacking.</p>
</sec>
<sec>
<title>2.7. Yoga</title>
<p>Yoga aims to improve physical strength and flexibility as well as mental health through toning, stretching and relaxation training, and has been shown to affect the autonomic nervous system [
<xref rid="B63-children-01-00424" ref-type="bibr">63</xref>
,
<xref rid="B64-children-01-00424" ref-type="bibr">64</xref>
], reducing levels of salivary cortisol, plasma renin levels and urine nor-epinephrine and epinephrine levels [
<xref rid="B65-children-01-00424" ref-type="bibr">65</xref>
], as well as lowering heart rate and blood pressure [
<xref rid="B66-children-01-00424" ref-type="bibr">66</xref>
]. In adults with cancer, yoga has demonstrated improvements in fatigue [
<xref rid="B67-children-01-00424" ref-type="bibr">67</xref>
,
<xref rid="B68-children-01-00424" ref-type="bibr">68</xref>
]. Yoga has been found to be beneficial for physical and cardiopulmonary functioning in healthy children [
<xref rid="B69-children-01-00424" ref-type="bibr">69</xref>
]. Two small studies showed that yoga is safe and feasible in pediatric cancer patients who are receiving chemotherapy [
<xref rid="B70-children-01-00424" ref-type="bibr">70</xref>
,
<xref rid="B71-children-01-00424" ref-type="bibr">71</xref>
], but further research is needed to demonstrate efficacy for symptom management.</p>
</sec>
<sec>
<title>2.8. Select Herbs and Biologic Therapies</title>
<p>Many herbs and biologic therapies are in use by patients with cancer and other disorders, and a full review of all potential biologic therapies is beyond the scope of this paper. Other reviews have examined some of these therapies in more detail [
<xref rid="B11-children-01-00424" ref-type="bibr">11</xref>
,
<xref rid="B42-children-01-00424" ref-type="bibr">42</xref>
,
<xref rid="B72-children-01-00424" ref-type="bibr">72</xref>
,
<xref rid="B73-children-01-00424" ref-type="bibr">73</xref>
,
<xref rid="B74-children-01-00424" ref-type="bibr">74</xref>
]. Below are described select agents with evidence of effectiveness in symptom management or evidence of potential harm [
<xref rid="B75-children-01-00424" ref-type="bibr">75</xref>
].</p>
<p>Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) refers to a health care practice approach that incorporates herbal medicines and various mind and body practices, such as acupuncture and tai chi, to prevent and treat health problems. Generally, several herbal medicines are combined by TCM practitioners and the herbs and amounts given are individualized to each patient [
<xref rid="B76-children-01-00424" ref-type="bibr">76</xref>
]. Of note, there have been reports of contamination of Chinese herbs, with drugs, toxins, or heavy metals, or with inaccurate descriptions of ingredients, making these medicines particularly challenging not only to study but also to recommend for the pediatric oncology population. Some small studies have demonstrated efficacy of some components [
<xref rid="B77-children-01-00424" ref-type="bibr">77</xref>
], for example SAMITAL, for prevention or treatment of mucositis in adults [
<xref rid="B76-children-01-00424" ref-type="bibr">76</xref>
,
<xref rid="B78-children-01-00424" ref-type="bibr">78</xref>
,
<xref rid="B79-children-01-00424" ref-type="bibr">79</xref>
].</p>
<p>Melatonin is commonly used as a sleep aid, among other indications. A systematic review of randomized controlled trials of melatonin in conjunction with chemotherapy in adults with cancer showed some reductions in troubling symptoms (asthenia, leucopenia and thrombocytopenia, nausea and vomiting, and hypotension). There were no adverse effects noted, despite the fact that high doses were often used [
<xref rid="B80-children-01-00424" ref-type="bibr">80</xref>
]. Melatonin has not been studied in children.</p>
<p>Ginger (
<italic>Zingiber officinale</italic>
) is often used as an antiemetic. It has been shown to be effective for nausea and vomiting associated with pregnancy [
<xref rid="B81-children-01-00424" ref-type="bibr">81</xref>
,
<xref rid="B82-children-01-00424" ref-type="bibr">82</xref>
,
<xref rid="B83-children-01-00424" ref-type="bibr">83</xref>
,
<xref rid="B84-children-01-00424" ref-type="bibr">84</xref>
], as well as shown promising, but inconsistent effects, on post-operative nausea and vomiting [
<xref rid="B85-children-01-00424" ref-type="bibr">85</xref>
,
<xref rid="B86-children-01-00424" ref-type="bibr">86</xref>
,
<xref rid="B87-children-01-00424" ref-type="bibr">87</xref>
,
<xref rid="B88-children-01-00424" ref-type="bibr">88</xref>
]. Several studies have assessed ginger for CINV in adults. In the largest study to date, Ryan
<italic>et al.</italic>
compared nausea severity in 644 adults receiving single-day chemotherapy who received one of three doses of ginger (0.5 g, 1.0 g, 1.5 g) to placebo. All doses of ginger significantly reduced nausea severity (
<italic>p</italic>
= 0.003), with the largest reduction in nausea severity at the 0.5 g/day and 1.0 g/day doses [
<xref rid="B89-children-01-00424" ref-type="bibr">89</xref>
]. Ginger has not been well-studied in pediatric cancer patients.</p>
<p>Probiotics are one of the most frequently used biologic IT in children and adolescents. A number of studies have investigated
<italic>Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG</italic>
(Culturelle) in otherwise healthy children with viral-induced diarrhea and have reported encouraging findings. Because probiotics contain live active organisms, there has been hesitation in prescribing their use in immunocompromised patients. However, large, randomized, clinical trials in immunocompetent patients, including newborns, have rarely reported any adverse events [
<xref rid="B42-children-01-00424" ref-type="bibr">42</xref>
]. Probiotics may be beneficial in the setting of allogeneic stem cell transplant. In a murine model of acute graft
<italic>versus</italic>
host disease (aGVHD),
<italic>L. rhamnosus GG</italic>
before and after transplantation resulted in improved survival and reduced Agvhd [
<xref rid="B90-children-01-00424" ref-type="bibr">90</xref>
]. In a small study of children receiving chemotherapy, patients treated with the
<italic>Bifidobacterium breve</italic>
strain Yakult had fewer fevers and enhanced the habitation of anaerobes in the intestinal flora [
<xref rid="B91-children-01-00424" ref-type="bibr">91</xref>
].</p>
<p>Glutamine is a conditionally essential amino acid during severe catabolic states and has been used for the prevention of mucositis and peripheral neuropathy. Although the optimal dosing and route of administration is not known, it appears promising in adult and pediatric oncology patients [
<xref rid="B92-children-01-00424" ref-type="bibr">92</xref>
]. In studies of children undergoing stem cell transplants (SCT), glutamine decreased duration of fever [
<xref rid="B93-children-01-00424" ref-type="bibr">93</xref>
] and use of both total parental nutrition (TPN) and narcotics compared to standard of care [
<xref rid="B94-children-01-00424" ref-type="bibr">94</xref>
]. However, a small study of children receiving glutamine with chemotherapy showed no difference in the side effect profiles of the chemotherapy [
<xref rid="B95-children-01-00424" ref-type="bibr">95</xref>
]. Glutamine has also been found to be helpful in preventing peripheral neuropathy in adults with cancer for example in patients on paclitaxel and oxaliplatin [
<xref rid="B96-children-01-00424" ref-type="bibr">96</xref>
]. However, in a Children’s Oncology Group randomized controlled trial of glutamic acid for the prevention of vincristine toxicity in pediatric oncology patients, glutamic acid was not found to prevent neuropathy [
<xref rid="B97-children-01-00424" ref-type="bibr">97</xref>
].</p>
<p>Carnitine deficiency has been noted in children and adolescents receiving chemotherapy, and has been found to correlate with fatigue [
<xref rid="B98-children-01-00424" ref-type="bibr">98</xref>
]. Open-label studies in adult cancer patients, supplementation with L-Carnitine has been found to reduce cancer-related fatigue [
<xref rid="B99-children-01-00424" ref-type="bibr">99</xref>
], however a large randomized trial showed no difference in fatigue compared to placebo [
<xref rid="B100-children-01-00424" ref-type="bibr">100</xref>
].</p>
<p>Several herbal agents have been used for treating sleep disorders, a common complaint among cancer patients. Of these, Valerian
<italic>(Valeriana officinalis</italic>
) and Kava
<italic>(Piper methysticum)</italic>
have the most evidence in support.
<italic>Valerian</italic>
is a popular European herbal sedative. Multiple studies have shown Valerian to improve sleep without increasing daytime sleepiness. Additionally, it appears to have a wide margin of safety and it is not metabolized via the cytochrome enzymes, suggesting no interaction with chemotherapy agents. However, it has not been well studied in cancer patients or in children, and effects of long-term use are unknown.
<italic>Kava</italic>
also appears to be efficacious and is generally well tolerated, but there have been a few reports of hepatic failure associated with
<italic>Kava</italic>
use, making it not advisable to use concurrently with chemotherapy [
<xref rid="B101-children-01-00424" ref-type="bibr">101</xref>
].</p>
<p>Antioxidants (such as beta-carotene, lycopene, Vitamins C, E, and A, and other substances) are another common class of supplements used by patients with cancer. In a prospective observational study conducted among children with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL), low plasma and dietary antioxidant levels directly correlated with treatment related toxicity [
<xref rid="B102-children-01-00424" ref-type="bibr">102</xref>
]. However, there is concern that supplements promoted for their antioxidant qualities may diminish the efficacy of anticancer treatments, particularly radiation, that work through promotion of oxidizing free radicals [
<xref rid="B11-children-01-00424" ref-type="bibr">11</xref>
,
<xref rid="B103-children-01-00424" ref-type="bibr">103</xref>
]. Studies adequately evaluating the impact of supplementation on toxicity and disease free survival have not been completed, making it difficult to recommend these supplements for oncology patients on therapy.</p>
<p>Milk thistle, a hepatoprotective herb, is associated with reductions in serum transaminases in children receiving maintenance chemotherapy for ALL [
<xref rid="B104-children-01-00424" ref-type="bibr">104</xref>
]. Its use may reduce the need for dose reductions in chemotherapy for hepatotoxicity, but larger randomized studies are warranted.</p>
<p>Fish oil, or omega-3 fatty acids (eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)) are naturally found in fish and are thought to protect against inflammation. Supplementation with fish oils have been shown to have some benefit for adults undergoing chemotherapy in terms of weight gain and quality of life [
<xref rid="B105-children-01-00424" ref-type="bibr">105</xref>
,
<xref rid="B106-children-01-00424" ref-type="bibr">106</xref>
] and is often used in children with cognitive and attention disorders, conditions which mimic some of the long term cognitive deficits in survivors of childhood cancer, though the evidence is still in development [
<xref rid="B107-children-01-00424" ref-type="bibr">107</xref>
,
<xref rid="B108-children-01-00424" ref-type="bibr">108</xref>
]. Since high doses of these supplements are well tolerated for various conditions, there appears little down side to recommending fish oil supplementation for childhood survivors experiencing or at risk of cognitive problems.</p>
</sec>
</sec>
<sec>
<title>3. Risks of IT</title>
<p>Integration of IT into pediatric oncology, even as an adjunct for symptom management, is controversial. The evidence supporting the safety and efficacy of herbal and biologic treatments alongside or even following chemotherapy is lacking, the herbs are not regulated by the Food and Drug Administration, and systematic reporting is not legally mandated [
<xref rid="B72-children-01-00424" ref-type="bibr">72</xref>
]. As mentioned above, there have been reports of heavy metal and microbial contamination of TCM herbs [
<xref rid="B109-children-01-00424" ref-type="bibr">109</xref>
]. On the other hand, in a summary of all adverse events associated with the use of IT in children reported to an Australian registry, most of the severe events (and all of the death) were connected to those patients who used IT in lieu of conventional medicine, as opposed to as an adjunct [
<xref rid="B110-children-01-00424" ref-type="bibr">110</xref>
]. While many side effects of herbs and interactions with chemotherapy remain unknown, some of the known and theoretical risks and interactions are available [
<xref rid="B73-children-01-00424" ref-type="bibr">73</xref>
,
<xref rid="B111-children-01-00424" ref-type="bibr">111</xref>
,
<xref rid="B112-children-01-00424" ref-type="bibr">112</xref>
].</p>
<p>The non-biologically based therapies are generally considered safe and there is a low risk of interference with conventional therapies. However, training programs for IT practitioners often have little to no standards for training with children, let alone children receiving intensive conventional treatment. Furthermore, most pediatric hematology/oncology fellowship curricula do not have formal educational on IT; therefore, pediatric oncologists have little information and are ill-prepared to advise patients on how to safely incorporate IT into their treatment.</p>
</sec>
<sec>
<title>4. How to Best Counsel patients about IT use</title>
<p>Given the inadequate quantity and quality of research on integrating IT into standard chemotherapy treatment, many practitioners simply advise against IT use. However, the popularity of IT, and the frequent under-reporting of IT use among cancer patients and their families suggests that it is necessary to be open to discussing and even recommending certain forms of IT. In general, since non-pharmacological forms of IT have not been found to be harmful—some studies have suggested benefits—and many patients are eager to try alternatives to medications for symptom relief, it makes sense for oncologists to encourage patients to try these modalities when appropriate, available, and not cost-prohibitive. In terms of the biological therapies, it is important to ask patients if they are taking any types of herbs or supplements, or if they plan to. While they must always be cautioned about the potential risks as discussed above, the specific supplements they are interested in can be further researched for known toxicities or interactions to make an informed decision. Some reputable sites with comprehensive summaries of known complementary treatments include the Society of Integrative Oncology Guidelines [
<xref rid="B113-children-01-00424" ref-type="bibr">113</xref>
], and National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine “Topics A to Z” [
<xref rid="B114-children-01-00424" ref-type="bibr">114</xref>
]. See
<xref ref-type="table" rid="children-01-00424-t001">Table 1</xref>
for a summary of IT modalities, associated symptoms and evidence for use.</p>
<table-wrap id="children-01-00424-t001" position="float">
<object-id pub-id-type="pii">children-01-00424-t001_Table 1</object-id>
<label>Table 1</label>
<caption>
<p>Integrative Therapy (IT) modalities, relevant symptoms, and evidence in support.</p>
</caption>
<table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
<thead>
<tr>
<th align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Modality</th>
<th align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Symptoms used for</th>
<th align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Comments</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Massage</td>
<td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Anxiety, pain, nausea, depression, anger, stress, and fatigue, discomfort, mucositis</td>
<td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Most evidence for reduction of anxiety, especially in adults with cancer; some evidence in pediatric oncology</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Acupressure and acupuncture</td>
<td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Nausea and vomiting, pain, fatigue, anxiety and insomnia</td>
<td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Specific evidence for chemo-induced nausea and vomiting in pediatric oncology, and pediatric pain (non-cancer specific)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Mind-body therapies, including hypnosis, cognitive distraction, meditation and imagery</td>
<td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Procedure-related pain, anxiety, and distress</td>
<td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Evidence in pediatrics, especially for hypnosis</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Energy therapies, or biofield therapies (healing touch, therapeutic touch, Reiki)</td>
<td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Pain, anxiety/depression/stress, fatigue</td>
<td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Scant evidence in adults and children</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Yoga</td>
<td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Fatigue, stress</td>
<td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Scant evidence in pediatric oncology</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Traditional Chinese Medicine</td>
<td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">All symptoms</td>
<td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Very limited evidence in pediatric oncology</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Melatonin</td>
<td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Asthenia, leucopenia and thrombocytopenia, nausea and vomiting, and hypotension</td>
<td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Not studied in children</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Ginger</td>
<td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Nausea</td>
<td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Evidence in adult oncology</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Probiotics</td>
<td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Diarrhea, graft vs host disease</td>
<td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Minimal evidence in pediatric oncology</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Glutamine</td>
<td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Peripheral neuropathy and mucositis</td>
<td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Mixed evidence for mucositis in pediatric oncology; poor evidence for use in neuropathy</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Carnitine</td>
<td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Fatigue</td>
<td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Not studied in pediatrics; mixed results in adult oncology</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Valerian</td>
<td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Sleep problems</td>
<td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Not well studied in pediatrics or cancer patients</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Kava</td>
<td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Sleep problems</td>
<td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Risk of liver toxicity limits use</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Milk thistle</td>
<td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Liver toxicity</td>
<td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Limited evidence in pediatric ALL</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Fish oil</td>
<td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Malnutrition, cognitive disorders</td>
<td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Evidence in adults with cancer and children with ADHD</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</table-wrap>
</sec>
<sec>
<title>5. Summary</title>
<p>The goal of an integrative approach in the care of children and adolescents with malignancies is to provide IT modalities that are deemed safe and effective in conjunction with effective conventional medical treatments. There is significant need for research evaluating the roles of IT for symptom control of toxicities related to conventional therapies. More formal education opportunities on IT in the training of pediatric oncologists and other healthcare providers working with children and adolescents with cancer should be implemented. Healthcare providers should consider how IT services may be beneficial to children and adolescents with cancer. However, until the evidence for or against an integrative modality is more conclusive, the provider’s role is to ask about and document the use of IT, critically evaluate the evidence or lack of evidence, balance the potential risks with possible benefits, and assist the family in their decisions regarding use of integrative approaches for their child.</p>
</sec>
</body>
<back>
<notes>
<title>Conflicts of Interest</title>
<p>The author reports no conflict of interest.</p>
</notes>
<ref-list>
<title>References</title>
<ref id="B1-children-01-00424">
<label>1.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="gov">
<article-title>Complementary, Alternative, or Integrative Health: What’s In a Name?</article-title>
<comment>Available online:
<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://nccam.nih.gov/health/whatiscam">http://nccam.nih.gov/health/whatiscam</ext-link>
</comment>
<date-in-citation>(accessed on 12 November 2014)</date-in-citation>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2-children-01-00424">
<label>2.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Bishop</surname>
<given-names>F.L.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Prescott</surname>
<given-names>P.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Chan</surname>
<given-names>Y.K.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Saville</surname>
<given-names>J.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>von Elm</surname>
<given-names>E.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Lewith</surname>
<given-names>G.T.</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Prevalence of complementary medicine use in pediatric cancer: A systematic review</article-title>
<source>Pediatrics</source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>125</volume>
<fpage>768</fpage>
<lpage>776</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1542/peds.2009-1775</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">20308209</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3-children-01-00424">
<label>3.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Gottschling</surname>
<given-names>S.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Gronwald</surname>
<given-names>B.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Schmitt</surname>
<given-names>S.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Schmittb</surname>
<given-names>C.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Länglerc</surname>
<given-names>A.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Leidigd</surname>
<given-names>E.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Meyere</surname>
<given-names>S.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Baane</surname>
<given-names>A.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Shamdeend</surname>
<given-names>M.G.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Berrangc</surname>
<given-names>J.</given-names>
</name>
<etal></etal>
</person-group>
<article-title>Use of complementary and alternative medicine in healthy children and children with chronic medical conditions in Germany</article-title>
<source>Complement. Ther. Med.</source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>21</volume>
<issue>Suppl. 1</issue>
<fpage>S61</fpage>
<lpage>S69</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/j.ctim.2011.06.001</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">23578919</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4-children-01-00424">
<label>4.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Kelly</surname>
<given-names>K.M.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Jacobson</surname>
<given-names>J.S.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Kennedy</surname>
<given-names>D.D.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Braudt</surname>
<given-names>S.M.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Mallick</surname>
<given-names>M.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Weiner</surname>
<given-names>M.A.</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Use of unconventional therapies by children with cancer at an urban medical center</article-title>
<source>J. Pediatr. Hematol. Oncol.</source>
<year>2000</year>
<volume>22</volume>
<fpage>412</fpage>
<lpage>416</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1097/00043426-200009000-00005</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">11037851</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5-children-01-00424">
<label>5.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Roth</surname>
<given-names>M.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Lin</surname>
<given-names>J.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Kim</surname>
<given-names>M.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Moody</surname>
<given-names>K.</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Pediatric oncologistsʼ views toward the use of complementary and alternative medicine in children with cancer</article-title>
<source>J. Pediatr. Hematol. Oncol.</source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>31</volume>
<fpage>177</fpage>
<lpage>182</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1097/MPH.0b013e3181984f5a</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">19262243</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6-children-01-00424">
<label>6.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Valji</surname>
<given-names>R.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Adams</surname>
<given-names>D.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Dagenais</surname>
<given-names>S.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Clifford</surname>
<given-names>T.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Baydala</surname>
<given-names>L.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>King</surname>
<given-names>W.J.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Vohra</surname>
<given-names>S.</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Complementary and alternative medicine: A survey of its use in pediatric oncology</article-title>
<source>Evid. Based Complement. Alternat. Med.</source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>2013</volume>
<fpage>e527163</fpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1155/2013/527163</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7-children-01-00424">
<label>7.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>OʼConnor</surname>
<given-names>N.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Graham</surname>
<given-names>D.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>OʼMeara</surname>
<given-names>A.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Devins</surname>
<given-names>M.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Jennings</surname>
<given-names>V.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>O’Leary</surname>
<given-names>D.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>O’Reilly</surname>
<given-names>M.</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>The use of complementary and alternative medicine by irish pediatric cancer patients</article-title>
<source>J. Pediatr. Hematol. Oncol.</source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>35</volume>
<fpage>537</fpage>
<lpage>542</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1097/MPH.0b013e31829f408a</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">24060836</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8-children-01-00424">
<label>8.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Paisley</surname>
<given-names>M.A.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Kang</surname>
<given-names>T.I.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Insogna</surname>
<given-names>I.G.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Rheingold</surname>
<given-names>S.R.</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Complementary and alternative therapy use in pediatric oncology patients with failure of frontline chemotherapy</article-title>
<source>Pediatr. Blood Cancer</source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>56</volume>
<fpage>1088</fpage>
<lpage>1091</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1002/pbc.22939</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">21360653</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9-children-01-00424">
<label>9.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Naing</surname>
<given-names>A.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Stephen</surname>
<given-names>S.K.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Frenkel</surname>
<given-names>M.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Chandhasin</surname>
<given-names>C.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Hong</surname>
<given-names>D.S.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Lei</surname>
<given-names>X.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Falchook</surname>
<given-names>G.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Wheler</surname>
<given-names>J.J.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Fu</surname>
<given-names>S.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Kurzrock</surname>
<given-names>R.</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Prevalence of complementary medicine use in a phase 1 clinical trials program</article-title>
<source>Cancer</source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>117</volume>
<fpage>5142</fpage>
<lpage>5150</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1002/cncr.26164</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">21538342</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10-children-01-00424">
<label>10.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Heath</surname>
<given-names>J.A.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Oh</surname>
<given-names>L.J.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Clarke</surname>
<given-names>N.E.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Wolfe</surname>
<given-names>J.</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Complementary and alternative medicine use in children with cancer at the end of life</article-title>
<source>J. Palliat. Med.</source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>15</volume>
<fpage>1218</fpage>
<lpage>1221</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1089/jpm.2012.0150</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">22908860</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11-children-01-00424">
<label>11.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Melnick</surname>
<given-names>S.J.</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Developmental therapeutics: Review of biologically based complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) therapies for potential application in children with cancer-part II</article-title>
<source>J. Pediatr. Hematol. Oncol.</source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>28</volume>
<fpage>271</fpage>
<lpage>285</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1097/01.mph.0000212900.76523.16</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">16772876</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12-children-01-00424">
<label>12.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Melnick</surname>
<given-names>S.J.</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Developmental therapeutics: Review of biologically based CAM therapies for potential application in children with cancer: Part I</article-title>
<source>J. Pediatr. Hematol. Oncol.</source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>28</volume>
<fpage>221</fpage>
<lpage>230</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1097/01.mph.0000212922.16427.04</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">16679919</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13-children-01-00424">
<label>13.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Livingston</surname>
<given-names>K.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Beider</surname>
<given-names>S.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Kant</surname>
<given-names>A.J.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Gallardo</surname>
<given-names>C.C.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Joseph</surname>
<given-names>M.H.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Gold</surname>
<given-names>J.I.</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Touch and massage for medically fragile infants</article-title>
<source>Evid. Based Complement. Alternat. Med.</source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>6</volume>
<fpage>473</fpage>
<lpage>482</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1093/ecam/nem076</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">18955228</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14-children-01-00424">
<label>14.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Gold</surname>
<given-names>J.I.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Nicolaou</surname>
<given-names>C.D.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Belmont</surname>
<given-names>K.A.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Katz</surname>
<given-names>A.R.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Benaron</surname>
<given-names>D.M.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Yu</surname>
<given-names>W.</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Pediatric acupuncture: A review of clinical research</article-title>
<source>Evid. Based Complement. Alternat. Med.</source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>6</volume>
<fpage>429</fpage>
<lpage>439</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1093/ecam/nem181</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">18955306</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15-children-01-00424">
<label>15.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Bao</surname>
<given-names>Y.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Kong</surname>
<given-names>X.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Yang</surname>
<given-names>L.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Liu</surname>
<given-names>R.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Shi</surname>
<given-names>Z.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Li</surname>
<given-names>W.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Hua</surname>
<given-names>B.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Hou</surname>
<given-names>W.</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Complementary and alternative medicine for cancer pain: An overview of systematic reviews</article-title>
<source>Evid. Based Complement. Alternat. Med.</source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>2014</volume>
<fpage>e170396</fpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1155/2014/170396</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16-children-01-00424">
<label>16.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Finnegan-John</surname>
<given-names>J.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Molassiotis</surname>
<given-names>A.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Richardson</surname>
<given-names>A.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Ream</surname>
<given-names>E.</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>A systematic review of complementary and alternative medicine interventions for the management of cancer-related fatigue</article-title>
<source>Integr. Cancer Ther.</source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>12</volume>
<fpage>276</fpage>
<lpage>290</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1177/1534735413485816</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">23632236</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17-children-01-00424">
<label>17.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Hunt</surname>
<given-names>K.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Ernst</surname>
<given-names>E.</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>The evidence-base for complementary medicine in children: A critical overview of systematic reviews</article-title>
<source>Arch. Dis. Child.</source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>96</volume>
<fpage>769</fpage>
<lpage>776</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1136/adc.2009.179036</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">20605859</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18-children-01-00424">
<label>18.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Poder</surname>
<given-names>T.G.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Lemieux</surname>
<given-names>R.</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>How effective are spiritual care and body manipulation therapies in pediatric oncology? A systematic review of the literature</article-title>
<source>Global J. Health Sci.</source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>6</volume>
<fpage>112</fpage>
<lpage>127</lpage>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19-children-01-00424">
<label>19.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Thrane</surname>
<given-names>S.</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Effectiveness of integrative modalities for pain and anxiety in children and adolescents with cancer: A systematic review</article-title>
<source>J. Pediatr. Oncol. Nurs.</source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>30</volume>
<fpage>320</fpage>
<lpage>332</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1177/1043454213511538</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">24371260</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20-children-01-00424">
<label>20.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Beider</surname>
<given-names>S.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Moyer</surname>
<given-names>C.A.</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Randomized controlled trials of pediatric massage: A review</article-title>
<source>Evid. Based Complement. Alternat. Med.</source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>4</volume>
<fpage>23</fpage>
<lpage>34</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1093/ecam/nel068</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">17342238</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21-children-01-00424">
<label>21.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Ahles</surname>
<given-names>T.A.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Tope</surname>
<given-names>D.M.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Pinkson</surname>
<given-names>B.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Walch</surname>
<given-names>S.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Hann</surname>
<given-names>D.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Whedon</surname>
<given-names>M.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Dain</surname>
<given-names>B.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Weiss</surname>
<given-names>J.E.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Mills</surname>
<given-names>L.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Silberfarb</surname>
<given-names>P.M.</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Massage therapy for patients undergoing autologous bone marrow transplantation</article-title>
<source>J. Pain Symptom Manage.</source>
<year>1999</year>
<volume>18</volume>
<fpage>157</fpage>
<lpage>163</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/S0885-3924(99)00061-5</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">10517036</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22-children-01-00424">
<label>22.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Campeau</surname>
<given-names>M.P.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Gaboriault</surname>
<given-names>R.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Drapeau</surname>
<given-names>M.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>van Nguyen</surname>
<given-names>T.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Roy</surname>
<given-names>I.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Fortin</surname>
<given-names>B.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Marois</surname>
<given-names>M.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Nguyen-Tân</surname>
<given-names>P.F.</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Impact of massage therapy on anxiety levels in patients undergoing radiation therapy: Randomized controlled trial</article-title>
<source>J. Soc. Integr. Oncol.</source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>5</volume>
<fpage>133</fpage>
<lpage>138</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.2310/7200.2007.018</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">19087756</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23-children-01-00424">
<label>23.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Cassileth</surname>
<given-names>B.R.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Vickers</surname>
<given-names>A.J.</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Massage therapy for symptom control: Outcome study at a major cancer center</article-title>
<source>J. Pain. Symptom Manage.</source>
<year>2004</year>
<volume>28</volume>
<fpage>244</fpage>
<lpage>249</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2003.12.016</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">15336336</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24-children-01-00424">
<label>24.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Post-White</surname>
<given-names>J.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Kinney</surname>
<given-names>M.E.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Savik</surname>
<given-names>K.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Gau</surname>
<given-names>J.B.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Wilcox</surname>
<given-names>C.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Lerner</surname>
<given-names>I.</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Therapeutic massage and healing touch improve symptoms in cancer</article-title>
<source>Integr. Cancer Ther.</source>
<year>2003</year>
<volume>2</volume>
<fpage>332</fpage>
<lpage>344</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1177/1534735403259064</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">14713325</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25-children-01-00424">
<label>25.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Ernst</surname>
<given-names>E.</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Massage therapy for cancer palliation and supportive care: A systematic review of randomised clinical trials</article-title>
<source>Support. Care Cancer</source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>17</volume>
<fpage>333</fpage>
<lpage>337</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1007/s00520-008-0569-z</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">19148685</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26-children-01-00424">
<label>26.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Jane</surname>
<given-names>S.W.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Wilkie</surname>
<given-names>D.J.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Gallucci</surname>
<given-names>B.B.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Beaton</surname>
<given-names>R.</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Systematic review of massage intervention for adult patients with cancer: A methodological perspective</article-title>
<source>Cancer Nurs.</source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>31</volume>
<fpage>E24</fpage>
<lpage>E35</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1097/01.NCC.0000339242.51291.85</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">18987505</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27-children-01-00424">
<label>27.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Wilkinson</surname>
<given-names>S.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Barnes</surname>
<given-names>K.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Storey</surname>
<given-names>L.</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Massage for symptom relief in patients with cancer: Systematic review</article-title>
<source>J. Adv. Nurs.</source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>63</volume>
<fpage>430</fpage>
<lpage>439</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1111/j.1365-2648.2008.04712.x</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">18727744</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28-children-01-00424">
<label>28.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Myers</surname>
<given-names>C.D.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Walton</surname>
<given-names>T.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Small</surname>
<given-names>B.J.</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>The value of massage therapy in cancer care</article-title>
<source>Hematol. Oncol. Clin. North Am.</source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>22</volume>
<fpage>649</fpage>
<lpage>660</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/j.hoc.2008.04.003</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">18638693</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29-children-01-00424">
<label>29.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Pan</surname>
<given-names>Y.Q.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Yang</surname>
<given-names>K.H.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Wang</surname>
<given-names>Y.L.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Zhang</surname>
<given-names>L.P.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Liang</surname>
<given-names>H.Q.</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Massage interventions and treatment-related side effects of breast cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis</article-title>
<source>Int. J. Clin. Oncol.</source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>19</volume>
<fpage>829</fpage>
<lpage>841</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1007/s10147-013-0635-5</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">24275985</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B30-children-01-00424">
<label>30.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Russell</surname>
<given-names>N.C.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Sumler</surname>
<given-names>S.S.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Beinhorn</surname>
<given-names>C.M.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Frenkel</surname>
<given-names>M.A.</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Role of massage therapy in cancer care</article-title>
<source>J. Altern. Complement. Med.</source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>14</volume>
<fpage>209</fpage>
<lpage>214</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1089/acm.2007.7176</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">18315504</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B31-children-01-00424">
<label>31.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Wilkinson</surname>
<given-names>S.M.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Love</surname>
<given-names>S.B.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Westcombe</surname>
<given-names>A.M.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Gambles</surname>
<given-names>M.A.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Burgess</surname>
<given-names>C.C.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Cargill</surname>
<given-names>A.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Young</surname>
<given-names>T.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Maher</surname>
<given-names>E.J.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Ramirez</surname>
<given-names>A.J.</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Effectiveness of aromatherapy massage in the management of anxiety and depression in patients with cancer: A multicenter randomized controlled trial</article-title>
<source>J. Clin. Oncol.</source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>25</volume>
<fpage>532</fpage>
<lpage>539</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1200/JCO.2006.08.9987</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">17290062</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B32-children-01-00424">
<label>32.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Listing</surname>
<given-names>M.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Reisshauer</surname>
<given-names>A.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Krohn</surname>
<given-names>M.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Voigt</surname>
<given-names>B.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Tjahono</surname>
<given-names>G.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Becker</surname>
<given-names>J.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Klapp</surname>
<given-names>B.F.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Rauchfuß</surname>
<given-names>M.</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Massage therapy reduces physical discomfort and improves mood disturbances in women with breast cancer</article-title>
<source>Psychooncology</source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>18</volume>
<fpage>1290</fpage>
<lpage>1299</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1002/pon.1508</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">19189275</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B33-children-01-00424">
<label>33.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Post-White</surname>
<given-names>J.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Fitzgerald</surname>
<given-names>M.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Savik</surname>
<given-names>K.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Hooke</surname>
<given-names>M.C.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Hannahan</surname>
<given-names>A.B.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Sencer</surname>
<given-names>S.F.</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Massage therapy for children with cancer</article-title>
<source>J. Pediatr. Oncol. Nurs.</source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>26</volume>
<fpage>16</fpage>
<lpage>28</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1177/1043454208323295</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">19074355</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B34-children-01-00424">
<label>34.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Batalha</surname>
<given-names>L.M.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Mota</surname>
<given-names>A.A.</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Massage in children with cancer: Effectiveness of a protocol</article-title>
<source>J. Pediatr. (Rio J.)</source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>89</volume>
<fpage>595</fpage>
<lpage>600</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/j.jped.2013.03.022</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">24035872</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B35-children-01-00424">
<label>35.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Phipps</surname>
<given-names>S.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Gray</surname>
<given-names>E.</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Massage therapy in children undergoing Hematopoetic stem cell transplantation: Results of a pilot trial</article-title>
<source>J. Cancer Integr. Med.</source>
<year>2005</year>
<volume>3</volume>
<fpage>62</fpage>
<lpage>70</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.2310/7200.2005.32003</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B36-children-01-00424">
<label>36.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Phipps</surname>
<given-names>S.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Peasant</surname>
<given-names>C.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Barrera</surname>
<given-names>M.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Alderfer</surname>
<given-names>M.A.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Huang</surname>
<given-names>Q.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Vannatta</surname>
<given-names>K.</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Resilience in children undergoing stem cell transplantation: Results of a complementary intervention trial</article-title>
<source>Pediatrics</source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>129</volume>
<fpage>762</fpage>
<lpage>770</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1542/peds.2011-1816</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B37-children-01-00424">
<label>37.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Mehling</surname>
<given-names>W.E.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Lown</surname>
<given-names>E.A.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Dvorak</surname>
<given-names>C.C.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Cowan</surname>
<given-names>M.J.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Horn</surname>
<given-names>B.N.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Dunn</surname>
<given-names>E.A.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Acree</surname>
<given-names>M.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Abrams</surname>
<given-names>D.I.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Hecht</surname>
<given-names>F.M.</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Hematopoietic cell transplant and use of massage for improved symptom management: Results from a pilot randomized control trial</article-title>
<source>Evid. Based Complement. Alternat. Med.</source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>2012</volume>
<fpage>e450150</fpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1155/2012/450150</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B38-children-01-00424">
<label>38.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Ackerman</surname>
<given-names>S.L.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Lown</surname>
<given-names>E.A.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Dvorak</surname>
<given-names>C.C.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Dunn</surname>
<given-names>E.A.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Abrams</surname>
<given-names>D.I.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Horn</surname>
<given-names>B.N.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Degelman</surname>
<given-names>M.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Cowan</surname>
<given-names>M.J.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Mehling</surname>
<given-names>W.E.</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Massage for children undergoing hematopoietic cell transplantation: A qualitative report</article-title>
<source>Evid. Based Complement. Alternat. Med.</source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>2012</volume>
<fpage>e792042</fpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1155/2012/792042</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B39-children-01-00424">
<label>39.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Melchart</surname>
<given-names>D.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Linde</surname>
<given-names>K.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Fischer</surname>
<given-names>P.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>White</surname>
<given-names>A.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Vickers</surname>
<given-names>A.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Allais</surname>
<given-names>G.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Brinkhaus</surname>
<given-names>B.</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Acupuncture for idiopathic headache</article-title>
<source>Cochrane Database Syst. Rev.</source>
<year>2001</year>
<volume>1</volume>
<fpage>eCD001218</fpage>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B40-children-01-00424">
<label>40.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Ernst</surname>
<given-names>E.</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Acupuncture: What does the most reliable evidence tell us?</article-title>
<source>J. Pain Symptom Manage.</source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>37</volume>
<fpage>709</fpage>
<lpage>714</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2008.04.009</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">18789644</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B41-children-01-00424">
<label>41.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Melchart</surname>
<given-names>D.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Ihbe-Heffinger</surname>
<given-names>A.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Leps</surname>
<given-names>B.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>von Schilling</surname>
<given-names>C.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Linde</surname>
<given-names>K.</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Acupuncture and acupressure for the prevention of chemotherapy-induced nausea—A randomised cross-over pilot study</article-title>
<source>Support. Care Cancer</source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>14</volume>
<fpage>878</fpage>
<lpage>882</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1007/s00520-006-0028-7</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">16523265</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B42-children-01-00424">
<label>42.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Ladas</surname>
<given-names>E.J.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Post-White</surname>
<given-names>J.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Hawks</surname>
<given-names>R.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Taromina</surname>
<given-names>K.</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Evidence for symptom management in the child with cancer</article-title>
<source>J. Pediatr. Hematol. Oncol.</source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>28</volume>
<fpage>601</fpage>
<lpage>615</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1097/01.mph.0000212989.26317.52</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">17006267</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B43-children-01-00424">
<label>43.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Lu</surname>
<given-names>W.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Dean-Clower</surname>
<given-names>E.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Doherty-Gilman</surname>
<given-names>A.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Rosenthal</surname>
<given-names>D.S.</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>The value of acupuncture in cancer care</article-title>
<source>Hematol. Oncol. Clin. North Am.</source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>22</volume>
<fpage>631</fpage>
<lpage>648</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/j.hoc.2008.04.005</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">18638692</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B44-children-01-00424">
<label>44.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Kemper</surname>
<given-names>K.J.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Sarah</surname>
<given-names>R.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Silver-Highfield</surname>
<given-names>E.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Xiarhos</surname>
<given-names>E.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Barnes</surname>
<given-names>L.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Berde</surname>
<given-names>C.</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>On pins and needles? Pediatric pain patients' experience with acupuncture</article-title>
<source>Pediatrics</source>
<year>2000</year>
<volume>105</volume>
<fpage>941</fpage>
<lpage>947</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">10742351</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B45-children-01-00424">
<label>45.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Wu</surname>
<given-names>S.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Sapru</surname>
<given-names>A.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Stewart</surname>
<given-names>M.A.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Milet</surname>
<given-names>M.J.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Hudes</surname>
<given-names>M.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Livermore</surname>
<given-names>L.F.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Flori</surname>
<given-names>H.R.</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Using acupuncture for acute pain in hospitalized children</article-title>
<source>Pediatr. Crit. Care Med.</source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>10</volume>
<fpage>291</fpage>
<lpage>296</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1097/PCC.0b013e318198afd6</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">19307808</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B46-children-01-00424">
<label>46.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Taromina</surname>
<given-names>K.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Hughes</surname>
<given-names>D.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Meyer</surname>
<given-names>A.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Kelly</surname>
<given-names>K.</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Acupuncture is feasible in children with cancer with low platelet counts</article-title>
<source>J. Soc. Integr. Oncol.</source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>5</volume>
<fpage>178</fpage>
<lpage>188</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.2310/7200.2007.020</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B47-children-01-00424">
<label>47.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Kundu</surname>
<given-names>A.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Berman</surname>
<given-names>B.</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Acupuncture for pediatric pain and symptom management</article-title>
<source>Pediatr. Clin. North Am.</source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>54</volume>
<fpage>885</fpage>
<lpage>889</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/j.pcl.2007.10.003</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">18061782</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B48-children-01-00424">
<label>48.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Tsao</surname>
<given-names>J.C.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Meldrum</surname>
<given-names>M.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Bursch</surname>
<given-names>B.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Jacob</surname>
<given-names>M.C.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Kim</surname>
<given-names>S.C.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Zeltzer</surname>
<given-names>L.K.</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Treatment expectations for CAM interventions in pediatric chronic pain patients and their parents</article-title>
<source>Evid. Based Complement. Alternat. Med.</source>
<year>2005</year>
<volume>2</volume>
<fpage>521</fpage>
<lpage>527</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1093/ecam/neh132</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">16322810</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B49-children-01-00424">
<label>49.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Lin</surname>
<given-names>Y.C.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Lee</surname>
<given-names>A.C.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Kemper</surname>
<given-names>K.J.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Berde</surname>
<given-names>C.B.</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Use of complementary and alternative medicine in pediatric pain management service: A survey</article-title>
<source>Pain Med.</source>
<year>2005</year>
<volume>6</volume>
<fpage>452</fpage>
<lpage>458</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1111/j.1526-4637.2005.00071.x</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">16336482</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B50-children-01-00424">
<label>50.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Gottschling</surname>
<given-names>S.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Reindl</surname>
<given-names>T.K.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Meyer</surname>
<given-names>S.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Berrang</surname>
<given-names>J.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Henze</surname>
<given-names>G.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Graeber</surname>
<given-names>S.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Ong</surname>
<given-names>M.F.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Graf</surname>
<given-names>N.</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Acupuncture to alleviate chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting in pediatric oncology—A randomized multicenter crossover pilot trial</article-title>
<source>Klin. Padiatr.</source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>220</volume>
<fpage>365</fpage>
<lpage>370</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1055/s-0028-1086039</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">18949672</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B51-children-01-00424">
<label>51.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Dune</surname>
<given-names>L.S.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Shiao</surname>
<given-names>S.Y.</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Metaanalysis of acustimulation effects on postoperative nausea and vomiting in children</article-title>
<source>Explore (N.Y.)</source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>2</volume>
<fpage>314</fpage>
<lpage>320</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/j.explore.2006.04.004</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B52-children-01-00424">
<label>52.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Ezzo</surname>
<given-names>J.M.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Richardson</surname>
<given-names>M.A.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Vickers</surname>
<given-names>A.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Allen</surname>
<given-names>C.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Dibble</surname>
<given-names>S.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Issell</surname>
<given-names>B.F.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Lao</surname>
<given-names>L.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Pearl</surname>
<given-names>M.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Ramirez</surname>
<given-names>G.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Roscoe</surname>
<given-names>J.A.</given-names>
</name>
<etal></etal>
</person-group>
<article-title>Acupuncture-point stimulation for chemotherapy-induced nausea or vomiting</article-title>
<source>Cochrane Database Syst. Rev.</source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>2</volume>
<fpage>eCD002285</fpage>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B53-children-01-00424">
<label>53.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Lee</surname>
<given-names>A.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Fan</surname>
<given-names>L.T.</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Stimulation of the wrist acupuncture point P6 for preventing postoperative nausea and vomiting</article-title>
<source>Cochrane Database Syst. Rev.</source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>2</volume>
<fpage>eCD003281</fpage>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B54-children-01-00424">
<label>54.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Molassiotis</surname>
<given-names>A.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Russell</surname>
<given-names>W.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Hughes</surname>
<given-names>J.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Breckons</surname>
<given-names>M.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Lloyd-Williams</surname>
<given-names>M.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Richardson</surname>
<given-names>J.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Hulme</surname>
<given-names>C.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Brearley</surname>
<given-names>S.G.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Campbell</surname>
<given-names>M.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Garrow</surname>
<given-names>A.</given-names>
</name>
<etal></etal>
</person-group>
<article-title>The effectiveness of acupressure for the control and management of chemotherapy-related acute and delayed nausea: A randomized controlled trial</article-title>
<source>J. Pain Symptom Manage.</source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>47</volume>
<fpage>12</fpage>
<lpage>25</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2013.03.007</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">23602325</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B55-children-01-00424">
<label>55.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Jones</surname>
<given-names>E.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Isom</surname>
<given-names>S.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Kemper</surname>
<given-names>K.J.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>McLean</surname>
<given-names>T.W.</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Acupressure for chemotherapy-associated nausea and vomiting in children</article-title>
<source>J. Soc. Integr. Oncol.</source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>6</volume>
<fpage>141</fpage>
<lpage>145</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">19134445</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B56-children-01-00424">
<label>56.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Landier</surname>
<given-names>W.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Tse</surname>
<given-names>A.M.</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Use of complementary and alternative medical interventions for the management of procedure-related pain, anxiety, and distress in pediatric oncology: An integrative review</article-title>
<source>J. Pediatr. Nurs.</source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>25</volume>
<fpage>566</fpage>
<lpage>579</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/j.pedn.2010.01.009</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">21035021</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B57-children-01-00424">
<label>57.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Kanitz</surname>
<given-names>J.L.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Camus</surname>
<given-names>M.E.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Seifert</surname>
<given-names>G.</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Keeping the balance—An overview of mind-body therapies in pediatric oncology</article-title>
<source>Complement. Ther. Med.</source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>21</volume>
<issue>Suppl. 1</issue>
<fpage>S20</fpage>
<lpage>S25</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/j.ctim.2012.02.001</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">23578913</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B58-children-01-00424">
<label>58.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Ahmed</surname>
<given-names>M.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Modak</surname>
<given-names>S.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Sequeira</surname>
<given-names>S.</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Acute pain relief after Mantram meditation in children with neuroblastoma undergoing anti-GD2 monoclonal antibody therapy</article-title>
<source>J. Pediatr. Hematol. Oncol.</source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>36</volume>
<fpage>152</fpage>
<lpage>155</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1097/MPH.0000000000000024</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">24065045</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B59-children-01-00424">
<label>59.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="gov">
<article-title>National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine (NCCAM): Terms Related to Complementary and Alternative Medicine</article-title>
<comment>Available online:
<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://nccam.nih.gov/health/providers/camterms.htm">http://nccam.nih.gov/health/providers/camterms.htm</ext-link>
</comment>
<date-in-citation>(accessed on 12 November 2014)</date-in-citation>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B60-children-01-00424">
<label>60.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Gonella</surname>
<given-names>S.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Garrino</surname>
<given-names>L.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Dimonte</surname>
<given-names>V.</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Biofield therapies and cancer-related symptoms: A review</article-title>
<source>Clin. J. Oncol. Nurs.</source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>18</volume>
<fpage>568</fpage>
<lpage>576</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1188/14.CJON.568-576</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">25253110</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B61-children-01-00424">
<label>61.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Thrane</surname>
<given-names>S.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Cohen</surname>
<given-names>S.M.</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Effect of reiki therapy on pain and anxiety in adults: An in-depth literature review of randomized trials with effect size calculations</article-title>
<source>Pain Manag. Nurs.</source>
<fpage>2014</fpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/j.pmn.2013.07.008</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B62-children-01-00424">
<label>62.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Wong</surname>
<given-names>J.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Ghiasuddin</surname>
<given-names>A.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Kimata</surname>
<given-names>C.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Patelesio</surname>
<given-names>B.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Siu</surname>
<given-names>A.</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>The impact of healing touch on pediatric oncology patients</article-title>
<source>Integr. Cancer Ther.</source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>12</volume>
<fpage>25</fpage>
<lpage>30</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1177/1534735412446864</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">22710258</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B63-children-01-00424">
<label>63.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Kirkwood</surname>
<given-names>G.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Rampes</surname>
<given-names>H.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Tuffrey</surname>
<given-names>V.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Richardson</surname>
<given-names>J.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Pilkington</surname>
<given-names>K.</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Yoga for anxiety: A systematic review of the research evidence</article-title>
<source>Br. J. Sports Med.</source>
<year>2005</year>
<volume>39</volume>
<fpage>884</fpage>
<lpage>891</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1136/bjsm.2005.018069</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">16306493</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B64-children-01-00424">
<label>64.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Pilkington</surname>
<given-names>K.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Kirkwood</surname>
<given-names>G.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Rampes</surname>
<given-names>H.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Richardsona</surname>
<given-names>J.</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Yoga for depression: The research evidence</article-title>
<source>J. Affect. Disord.</source>
<year>2005</year>
<volume>89</volume>
<fpage>13</fpage>
<lpage>24</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/j.jad.2005.08.013</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">16185770</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B65-children-01-00424">
<label>65.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Selvamurthy</surname>
<given-names>W.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Sridharan</surname>
<given-names>K.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Ray</surname>
<given-names>U.S.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Tiwary</surname>
<given-names>R.S.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Hegde</surname>
<given-names>K.S.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Radhakrishan</surname>
<given-names>U.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Sinha</surname>
<given-names>K.C.</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>A new physiological approach to control essential hypertension</article-title>
<source>Indian J. Physiol. Pharmacol.</source>
<year>1998</year>
<volume>42</volume>
<fpage>205</fpage>
<lpage>213</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">10225047</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B66-children-01-00424">
<label>66.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>McCaffrey</surname>
<given-names>R.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Ruknui</surname>
<given-names>P.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Hatthakit</surname>
<given-names>U.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Kasetsomboon</surname>
<given-names>P.</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>The effects of yoga on hypertensive persons in Thailand</article-title>
<source>Holist. Nurs. Pract.</source>
<year>2005</year>
<volume>19</volume>
<fpage>173</fpage>
<lpage>180</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1097/00004650-200507000-00009</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">16006832</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B67-children-01-00424">
<label>67.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Cramer</surname>
<given-names>H.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Lange</surname>
<given-names>S.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Klose</surname>
<given-names>P.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Paul</surname>
<given-names>A.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Dobos</surname>
<given-names>G.</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Can yoga improve fatigue in breast cancer patients? A systematic review</article-title>
<source>Acta Oncol.</source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>51</volume>
<fpage>559</fpage>
<lpage>560</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.3109/0284186X.2011.637960</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">22136073</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B68-children-01-00424">
<label>68.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Bower</surname>
<given-names>J.E.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Woolery</surname>
<given-names>A.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Sternlieb</surname>
<given-names>B.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Garet</surname>
<given-names>D.</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Yoga for cancer patients and survivors</article-title>
<source>Cancer Control</source>
<year>2005</year>
<volume>12</volume>
<fpage>165</fpage>
<lpage>171</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">16062164</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B69-children-01-00424">
<label>69.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Galantino</surname>
<given-names>M.L.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Galbavy</surname>
<given-names>R.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Quinn</surname>
<given-names>L.</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Therapeutic effects of yoga for children: A systematic review of the literature</article-title>
<source>Pediatr. Phys. Ther.</source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>20</volume>
<fpage>66</fpage>
<lpage>80</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1097/PEP.0b013e31815f1208</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">18300936</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B70-children-01-00424">
<label>70.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Thygeson</surname>
<given-names>M.V.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Hooke</surname>
<given-names>M.C.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Clapsaddle</surname>
<given-names>J.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Robbins</surname>
<given-names>A.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Moquist</surname>
<given-names>K.</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Peaceful play yoga: Serenity and balance for children with cancer and their parents</article-title>
<source>J. Pediatr. Oncol. Nurs.</source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>27</volume>
<fpage>276</fpage>
<lpage>284</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1177/1043454210363478</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">20639346</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B71-children-01-00424">
<label>71.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Geyer</surname>
<given-names>R.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Lyons</surname>
<given-names>A.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Amazeen</surname>
<given-names>L.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Alishio</surname>
<given-names>L.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Cooks</surname>
<given-names>L.</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Feasibility study: The effect of therapeutic yoga on quality of life in children hospitalized with cancer</article-title>
<source>Pediatr. Phys. Ther.</source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>23</volume>
<fpage>375</fpage>
<lpage>379</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1097/PEP.0b013e318235628c</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">22090079</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B72-children-01-00424">
<label>72.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Kelly</surname>
<given-names>K.M.</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Integrative therapies for children with hematological malignancies</article-title>
<source>Hematology Am. Soc. Hematol. Educ. Program</source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>2009</volume>
<fpage>307</fpage>
<lpage>312</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1182/asheducation-2009.1.307</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">20008215</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B73-children-01-00424">
<label>73.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Sencer</surname>
<given-names>S.F.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Kelly</surname>
<given-names>K.M.</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Complementary and alternative therapies in pediatric oncology</article-title>
<source>Pediatr. Clin. North Am.</source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>54</volume>
<fpage>1043</fpage>
<lpage>1060</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/j.pcl.2007.10.007</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">18061790</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B74-children-01-00424">
<label>74.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Kelly</surname>
<given-names>K.M.</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Bringing evidence to complementary and alternative medicine in children with cancer: Focus on nutrition-related therapies</article-title>
<source>Pediatr. Blood Cancer</source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>50</volume>
<fpage>490</fpage>
<lpage>498</lpage>
<page-range>490–493, 498</page-range>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1002/pbc.21402</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">18064645</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B75-children-01-00424">
<label>75.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="gov">
<article-title>National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine (NCCAM): What is CAM?</article-title>
<comment>Available online:
<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://nccam.nih.gov/health/whatiscam/chinesemed.htm">http://nccam.nih.gov/health/whatiscam/chinesemed.htm</ext-link>
</comment>
<date-in-citation>(accessed on 12 November 2014)</date-in-citation>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B76-children-01-00424">
<label>76.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Meyer-Hamme</surname>
<given-names>G.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Beckmann</surname>
<given-names>K.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Radtke</surname>
<given-names>J.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Efferth</surname>
<given-names>T.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Greten</surname>
<given-names>H.J.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Rostock</surname>
<given-names>M.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Schröder</surname>
<given-names>S.</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>A survey of chinese medicinal herbal treatment for chemotherapy-induced oral mucositis</article-title>
<source>Evid. Based Complement. Alternat. Med.</source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>2013</volume>
<fpage>e284959</fpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1155/2013/284959</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B77-children-01-00424">
<label>77.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Zhang</surname>
<given-names>M.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Li</surname>
<given-names>J.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>He</surname>
<given-names>L.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Tripathy</surname>
<given-names>D.</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Chinese medicinal herbs to treat the side-effects of chemotherapy in breast cancer patients</article-title>
<source>Cochrane Database Syst. Rev.</source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>2</volume>
<fpage>eCD004921</fpage>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B78-children-01-00424">
<label>78.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Bertoglio</surname>
<given-names>J.C.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Folatre</surname>
<given-names>I.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Bombardelli</surname>
<given-names>E.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Riva</surname>
<given-names>A.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Morazzoni</surname>
<given-names>P.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Ronchi</surname>
<given-names>M.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Petrangolini</surname>
<given-names>G.</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Management of gastrointestinal mucositis due to cancer therapies in pediatric patients: Results of a case series with SAMITAL((R))</article-title>
<source>Future Oncol.</source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>8</volume>
<fpage>1481</fpage>
<lpage>1486</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.2217/fon.12.132</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">23148620</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B79-children-01-00424">
<label>79.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Pawar</surname>
<given-names>D.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Neve</surname>
<given-names>R.S.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Kalgane</surname>
<given-names>S.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Riva</surname>
<given-names>A.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Bombardelli</surname>
<given-names>E.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Ronchi</surname>
<given-names>M.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Petrangolini</surname>
<given-names>G.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Morazzoni</surname>
<given-names>P.</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>SAMITAL(R) improves chemo/radiotherapy-induced oral mucositis in patients with head and neck cancer: Results of a randomized, placebo-controlled, single-blind Phase II study</article-title>
<source>Support. Care Cancer</source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>21</volume>
<fpage>827</fpage>
<lpage>834</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1007/s00520-012-1586-5</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">22945882</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B80-children-01-00424">
<label>80.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Seely</surname>
<given-names>D.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Wu</surname>
<given-names>P.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Fritz</surname>
<given-names>H.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Kennedy</surname>
<given-names>D.A.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Tsui</surname>
<given-names>T.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Seely</surname>
<given-names>A.J.E.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Mills</surname>
<given-names>E.</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Melatonin as adjuvant cancer care with and without chemotherapy: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials</article-title>
<source>Integr. Cancer Ther.</source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>11</volume>
<fpage>293</fpage>
<lpage>303</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1177/1534735411425484</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">22019490</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B81-children-01-00424">
<label>81.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Fischer-Rasmussen</surname>
<given-names>W.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Kjaer</surname>
<given-names>S.K.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Dahl</surname>
<given-names>C.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Asping</surname>
<given-names>U.</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Ginger treatment of hyperemesis gravidarum</article-title>
<source>Eur. J. Obstet. Gynecol. Reprod. Biol.</source>
<year>1991</year>
<volume>38</volume>
<fpage>19</fpage>
<lpage>24</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/0028-2243(91)90202-V</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">1988321</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B82-children-01-00424">
<label>82.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Keating</surname>
<given-names>A.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Chez</surname>
<given-names>R.A.</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Ginger syrup as an antiemetic in early pregnancy</article-title>
<source>Altern. Ther. Health Med.</source>
<year>2002</year>
<volume>8</volume>
<fpage>89</fpage>
<lpage>91</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">12233808</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B83-children-01-00424">
<label>83.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Ozgoli</surname>
<given-names>G.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Goli</surname>
<given-names>M.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Simbar</surname>
<given-names>M.</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Effects of ginger capsules on pregnancy, nausea, and vomiting</article-title>
<source>J. Altern. Complement. Med.</source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>15</volume>
<fpage>243</fpage>
<lpage>246</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1089/acm.2008.0406</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">19250006</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B84-children-01-00424">
<label>84.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Smith</surname>
<given-names>C.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Crowther</surname>
<given-names>C.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Willson</surname>
<given-names>K.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Hotham</surname>
<given-names>N.B.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>McMillian</surname>
<given-names>V.B.</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>A randomized controlled trial of ginger to treat nausea and vomiting in pregnancy</article-title>
<source>Obstet. Gynecol.</source>
<year>2004</year>
<volume>103</volume>
<fpage>639</fpage>
<lpage>645</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1097/01.AOG.0000118307.19798.ec</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">15051552</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B85-children-01-00424">
<label>85.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Arfeen</surname>
<given-names>Z.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Owen</surname>
<given-names>H.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Plummer</surname>
<given-names>J.L.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Ilsley</surname>
<given-names>A.H.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Sorby-Adams</surname>
<given-names>R.A.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Doecke</surname>
<given-names>C.J.</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>A double-blind randomized controlled trial of ginger for the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting</article-title>
<source>Anaesth. Intensive. Care.</source>
<year>1995</year>
<volume>23</volume>
<fpage>449</fpage>
<lpage>452</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">7485935</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B86-children-01-00424">
<label>86.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Bone</surname>
<given-names>M.E.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Wilkinson</surname>
<given-names>D.J.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Young</surname>
<given-names>J.R.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>McNeil</surname>
<given-names>J.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Charlton</surname>
<given-names>S.</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Ginger root—A new antiemetic. The effect of ginger root on postoperative nausea and vomiting after major gynaecological surgery</article-title>
<source>Anaesthesia</source>
<year>1990</year>
<volume>45</volume>
<fpage>669</fpage>
<lpage>671</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1111/j.1365-2044.1990.tb14395.x</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">2205121</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B87-children-01-00424">
<label>87.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Phillips</surname>
<given-names>S.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Ruggier</surname>
<given-names>R.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Hutchinson</surname>
<given-names>S.E.</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>
<italic>Zingiber officinale</italic>
(ginger)—An antiemetic for day case surgery</article-title>
<source>Anaesthesia</source>
<year>1993</year>
<volume>48</volume>
<fpage>715</fpage>
<lpage>717</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1111/j.1365-2044.1993.tb07188.x</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">8214465</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B88-children-01-00424">
<label>88.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Visalyaputra</surname>
<given-names>S.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Petchpaisit</surname>
<given-names>N.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Somcharoen</surname>
<given-names>K.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Choavaratana</surname>
<given-names>R.</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>The efficacy of ginger root in the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting after outpatient gynaecological laparoscopy</article-title>
<source>Anaesthesia</source>
<year>1998</year>
<volume>53</volume>
<fpage>506</fpage>
<lpage>510</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1046/j.1365-2044.1998.00369.x</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">9659029</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B89-children-01-00424">
<label>89.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Ryan</surname>
<given-names>J.L.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Heckler</surname>
<given-names>C.E.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Roscoe</surname>
<given-names>J.A.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Dakhil</surname>
<given-names>S.R.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Kirshner</surname>
<given-names>J.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Flynn</surname>
<given-names>P.J.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Hickok</surname>
<given-names>J.T.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Morrow</surname>
<given-names>G.R.</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Ginger (
<italic>Zingiber officinale</italic>
) reduces acute chemotherapy-induced nausea: A URCC CCOP study of 576 patients</article-title>
<source>Support. Care Cancer</source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>20</volume>
<fpage>1479</fpage>
<lpage>1489</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1007/s00520-011-1236-3</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">21818642</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B90-children-01-00424">
<label>90.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Gerbitz</surname>
<given-names>A.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Schultz</surname>
<given-names>M.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Wilke</surname>
<given-names>A.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Linde</surname>
<given-names>H.-J.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Schölmerich</surname>
<given-names>J.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Andreesen</surname>
<given-names>R.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Holler</surname>
<given-names>E.</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Probiotic effects on experimental graft-versus-host disease: Let them eat yogurt</article-title>
<source>Blood</source>
<year>2004</year>
<volume>103</volume>
<fpage>4365</fpage>
<lpage>4367</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1182/blood-2003-11-3769</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">14962899</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B91-children-01-00424">
<label>91.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Wada</surname>
<given-names>M.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Nagata</surname>
<given-names>S.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Saito</surname>
<given-names>M.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Shimizu</surname>
<given-names>T.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Yamashiro</surname>
<given-names>Y.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Matsuki</surname>
<given-names>T.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Asahara</surname>
<given-names>T.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Nomoto</surname>
<given-names>K.</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Effects of the enteral administration of
<italic>Bifidobacterium breve</italic>
on patients undergoing chemotherapy for pediatric malignancies</article-title>
<source>Support. Care Cancer</source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>18</volume>
<fpage>751</fpage>
<lpage>759</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1007/s00520-009-0711-6</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">19685085</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B92-children-01-00424">
<label>92.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Stachowicz-Stencel</surname>
<given-names>T.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Synakiewicz</surname>
<given-names>A.</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Glutamine as a supplemental treatment in pediatric and adult oncology patients</article-title>
<source>Expert Opin. Investig. Drugs</source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>21</volume>
<fpage>1861</fpage>
<lpage>1871</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1517/13543784.2012.717929</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">22916969</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B93-children-01-00424">
<label>93.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Kuskonmaz</surname>
<given-names>B.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Yalcin</surname>
<given-names>S.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Kucukbayrak</surname>
<given-names>O.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Cetin</surname>
<given-names>N.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Cetin</surname>
<given-names>M.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Tezcan</surname>
<given-names>I.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Uckan</surname>
<given-names>D.</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>The effect of glutamine supplementation on hematopoietic stem cell transplant outcome in children: A case-control study</article-title>
<source>Pediatr. Transplant.</source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>12</volume>
<fpage>47</fpage>
<lpage>51</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1111/j.1399-3046.2007.00776.x</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">18186888</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B94-children-01-00424">
<label>94.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Aquino</surname>
<given-names>V.M.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Harvey</surname>
<given-names>A.R.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Garvin</surname>
<given-names>J.H.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Godder</surname>
<given-names>K.T.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Nieder</surname>
<given-names>M.L.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Adams</surname>
<given-names>R.H.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Jackson</surname>
<given-names>G.B.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Sandler</surname>
<given-names>E.S.</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>A double-blind randomized placebo-controlled study of oral glutamine in the prevention of mucositis in children undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: A pediatric blood and marrow transplant consortium study</article-title>
<source>Bone Marrow Transplant.</source>
<year>2005</year>
<volume>36</volume>
<fpage>611</fpage>
<lpage>616</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1038/sj.bmt.1705084</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">16086046</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B95-children-01-00424">
<label>95.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Yildirim</surname>
<given-names>Z.K.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Bidev</surname>
<given-names>D.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Buyukavci</surname>
<given-names>M.</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Parenteral glutamine supplementation has no effect on chemotherapy-induced toxicity in children with non-Hodgkin lymphoma</article-title>
<source>J. Pediatr. Hematol. Oncol.</source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>35</volume>
<fpage>371</fpage>
<lpage>376</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1097/MPH.0b013e318282daf4</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">23426005</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B96-children-01-00424">
<label>96.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Amara</surname>
<given-names>S.</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Oral glutamine for the prevention of chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy</article-title>
<source>Ann. Pharmacother.</source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>42</volume>
<fpage>1481</fpage>
<lpage>1485</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1345/aph.1L179</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">18698011</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B97-children-01-00424">
<label>97.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="commun">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<aff>Scott Bradfield, Nemours Childrens Hospital, Orlando, FL, USA</aff>
</person-group>
<source>Personal Communication</source>
<year>2014</year>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B98-children-01-00424">
<label>98.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Hockenberry</surname>
<given-names>M.J.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Hooke</surname>
<given-names>M.C.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Gregurich</surname>
<given-names>M.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>McCarthy</surname>
<given-names>K.</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Carnitine plasma levels and fatigue in children/adolescents receiving cisplatin, ifosfamide, or doxorubicin</article-title>
<source>J. Pediatr. Hematol. Oncol.</source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>31</volume>
<fpage>664</fpage>
<lpage>669</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1097/MPH.0b013e3181b259a7</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">19707160</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B99-children-01-00424">
<label>99.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Sood</surname>
<given-names>A.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Barton</surname>
<given-names>D.L.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Bauer</surname>
<given-names>B.A.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Loprinzi</surname>
<given-names>C.L.</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>A critical review of complementary therapies for cancer-related fatigue</article-title>
<source>Integr. Cancer Ther.</source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>6</volume>
<fpage>8</fpage>
<lpage>13</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1177/1534735406298143</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">17351022</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B100-children-01-00424">
<label>100.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Cruciani</surname>
<given-names>R.A.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Zhang</surname>
<given-names>J.J.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Manola</surname>
<given-names>J.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Cella</surname>
<given-names>D.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Ansari</surname>
<given-names>B.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Fisch</surname>
<given-names>M.J.</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>L-Carnitine supplementation for the management of fatigue in patients with cancer: An eastern cooperative oncology group phase III, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial</article-title>
<source>J. Clin. Oncol.</source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>30</volume>
<fpage>3864</fpage>
<lpage>3869</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1200/JCO.2011.40.2180</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">22987089</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B101-children-01-00424">
<label>101.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Block</surname>
<given-names>K.I.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Gyllenhaal</surname>
<given-names>C.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Mead</surname>
<given-names>M.N.</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Safety and efficacy of herbal sedatives in cancer care</article-title>
<source>Integr. Cancer Ther.</source>
<year>2004</year>
<volume>3</volume>
<fpage>128</fpage>
<lpage>148</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1177/1534735404265003</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">15165499</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B102-children-01-00424">
<label>102.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Kennedy</surname>
<given-names>D.D.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Tucker</surname>
<given-names>K.L.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Ladas</surname>
<given-names>E.D.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Rheingold</surname>
<given-names>S.R.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Blumberg</surname>
<given-names>J.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Kelly</surname>
<given-names>K.M.</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Low antioxidant vitamin intakes are associated with increases in adverse effects of chemotherapy in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia</article-title>
<source>Am. J. Clin. Nutr.</source>
<year>2004</year>
<volume>79</volume>
<fpage>1029</fpage>
<lpage>1036</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">15159233</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B103-children-01-00424">
<label>103.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Lawenda</surname>
<given-names>B.D.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Kelly</surname>
<given-names>K.M.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Ladas</surname>
<given-names>E.J.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Sagar</surname>
<given-names>S.M.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Vickers</surname>
<given-names>A.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Blumberg</surname>
<given-names>J.B.</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Should supplemental antioxidant administration be avoided during chemotherapy and radiation therapy?</article-title>
<source>J. Natl. Cancer Inst.</source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>100</volume>
<fpage>773</fpage>
<lpage>783</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1093/jnci/djn148</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">18505970</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B104-children-01-00424">
<label>104.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Ladas</surname>
<given-names>E.J.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Kroll</surname>
<given-names>D.J.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Oberlies</surname>
<given-names>N.H.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Cheng</surname>
<given-names>B.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Ndao</surname>
<given-names>D.H.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Rheingold</surname>
<given-names>S.R.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Kelly</surname>
<given-names>K.M.</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>A randomized, controlled, double-blind, pilot study of milk thistle for the treatment of hepatotoxicity in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL)</article-title>
<source>Cancer</source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>116</volume>
<fpage>506</fpage>
<lpage>513</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1002/cncr.24723</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">20014183</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B105-children-01-00424">
<label>105.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Fearon</surname>
<given-names>K.C.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>von Meyenfeldt</surname>
<given-names>M.F.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Moses</surname>
<given-names>A.G.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>van Geenen</surname>
<given-names>R.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Roy</surname>
<given-names>A.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Gouma</surname>
<given-names>D.J.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Giacosa</surname>
<given-names>A.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>van Gossum</surname>
<given-names>A.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Bauer</surname>
<given-names>J.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Barber</surname>
<given-names>M.D.</given-names>
</name>
<etal></etal>
</person-group>
<article-title>Effect of a protein and energy dense N-3 fatty acid enriched oral supplement on loss of weight and lean tissue in cancer cachexia: A randomised double blind trial</article-title>
<source>Gut</source>
<year>2003</year>
<volume>52</volume>
<fpage>1479</fpage>
<lpage>1486</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1136/gut.52.10.1479</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">12970142</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B106-children-01-00424">
<label>106.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Van der Meij</surname>
<given-names>B.S.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Langius</surname>
<given-names>J.A.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Spreeuwenberg</surname>
<given-names>M.D.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Slootmaker</surname>
<given-names>S.M.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Paul</surname>
<given-names>M.A.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Smit</surname>
<given-names>E.F.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>van Leeuwen</surname>
<given-names>P.A.M.</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Oral nutritional supplements containing n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids affect quality of life and functional status in lung cancer patients during multimodality treatment: An RCT</article-title>
<source>Eur. J. Clin. Nutr.</source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>66</volume>
<fpage>399</fpage>
<lpage>404</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1038/ejcn.2011.214</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">22234041</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B107-children-01-00424">
<label>107.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Gadoth</surname>
<given-names>N.</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>On fish oil and omega-3 supplementation in children: The role of such supplementation on attention and cognitive dysfunction</article-title>
<source>Brain Dev.</source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>30</volume>
<fpage>309</fpage>
<lpage>312</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/j.braindev.2007.10.001</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">18006261</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B108-children-01-00424">
<label>108.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Milte</surname>
<given-names>C.M.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Parletta</surname>
<given-names>N.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Buckley</surname>
<given-names>J.D.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Coates</surname>
<given-names>A.M.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Young</surname>
<given-names>R.M.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Howe</surname>
<given-names>P.R.C.</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids, cognition, and behavior in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: A randomized controlled trial</article-title>
<source>Nutrition</source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>28</volume>
<fpage>670</fpage>
<lpage>677</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/j.nut.2011.12.009</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">22541055</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B109-children-01-00424">
<label>109.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Ernst</surname>
<given-names>E.</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Serious adverse effects of unconventional therapies for children and adolescents: A systematic review of recent evidence</article-title>
<source>Eur. J. Pediatr.</source>
<year>2003</year>
<volume>162</volume>
<fpage>72</fpage>
<lpage>80</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">12548381</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B110-children-01-00424">
<label>110.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Lim</surname>
<given-names>A.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>Cranswick</surname>
<given-names>N.</given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname>South</surname>
<given-names>M.</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Adverse events associated with the use of complementary and alternative medicine in children</article-title>
<source>Arch. Dis. Child.</source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>96</volume>
<fpage>297</fpage>
<lpage>300</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1136/adc.2010.183152</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">21178176</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B111-children-01-00424">
<label>111.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="gov">
<article-title>National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine (NCCAM): Herbs at a Glance</article-title>
<comment>Available online:
<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://nccam.nih.gov/health/herbsataglance.htm">http://nccam.nih.gov/health/herbsataglance.htm</ext-link>
</comment>
<date-in-citation>(accessed on 12 November 2014)</date-in-citation>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B112-children-01-00424">
<label>112.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="gov">
<article-title>National Cancer Institute: Office of Cancer Complementary and Alternative Medicine</article-title>
<comment>Available online:
<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://cam.cancer.gov/health_pro.html">http://cam.cancer.gov/health_pro.html</ext-link>
</comment>
<date-in-citation>(accessed on 12 November 2014)</date-in-citation>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B113-children-01-00424">
<label>113.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="webpage">
<article-title>Society of Integrative Oncology Guidelines</article-title>
<comment>Available online:
<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.integrativeonc.org/index.php/docguide">http://www.integrativeonc.org/index.php/docguide</ext-link>
</comment>
<date-in-citation>(accessed on 12 November 2014)</date-in-citation>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B114-children-01-00424">
<label>114.</label>
<element-citation publication-type="gov">
<article-title>National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine “Topics A to Z”</article-title>
<comment>Available online:
<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://nccam.nih.gov/health/atoz.html">http://nccam.nih.gov/health/atoz.html</ext-link>
</comment>
<date-in-citation>(accessed on 12 November 2014)</date-in-citation>
</element-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</pmc>
</record>

Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)

EXPLOR_STEP=$WICRI_ROOT/Wicri/Musique/explor/MusiqueCeltiqueV1/Data/Pmc/Corpus
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_STEP/biblio.hfd -nk 000054 | SxmlIndent | more

Ou

HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Pmc/Corpus/biblio.hfd -nk 000054 | SxmlIndent | more

Pour mettre un lien sur cette page dans le réseau Wicri

{{Explor lien
   |wiki=    Wicri/Musique
   |area=    MusiqueCeltiqueV1
   |flux=    Pmc
   |étape=   Corpus
   |type=    RBID
   |clé=     PMC:4928739
   |texte=   Integrative Therapy Use for Management of Side Effects and Toxicities Experienced by Pediatric Oncology Patients
}}

Pour générer des pages wiki

HfdIndexSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Pmc/Corpus/RBID.i   -Sk "pubmed:27417488" \
       | HfdSelect -Kh $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Pmc/Corpus/biblio.hfd   \
       | NlmPubMed2Wicri -a MusiqueCeltiqueV1 

Wicri

This area was generated with Dilib version V0.6.38.
Data generation: Sat May 29 22:04:25 2021. Site generation: Sat May 29 22:08:31 2021