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Breton language in Arradon during the XXth century : a sociolinguistic reflection about the history of Breton through a particular example

Identifieur interne : 000027 ( Hal/Checkpoint ); précédent : 000026; suivant : 000028

Breton language in Arradon during the XXth century : a sociolinguistic reflection about the history of Breton through a particular example

Auteurs : Armelle Faby-Audic [France]

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RBID : Hal:tel-00869047

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Abstract

Arradon is a commune on the shore of south Brittany, located close to Vannes. Breton has been the language of quite its whole population right up the 20th century. Accounts from some native Breton speakers show how lively was its practice until the 2nd world war : in the daily life, through the oral culture (tales, songs, rhymes etc.) and more rarely in written uses. However, since the end of the 1st world war a break happened in the transmission of the language. Therefore the linguistic divide which was sociological became a divide between generations. Breton language had negative connotations : at the beginning of the century, associated with powerty because economic elites were French speakers and with ignorance because French was the only language allowed at school ; later, it seemed tied up to the past and the vanishing traditional rural civilization. After the 2nd world war, only old people can speak Breton and the demographic jump of the commune since 1965 increased their different being. At the end of the XXth century, Breton is getting more consideration in the public sphere but the gap between the local dialect and the standard makes difficult the links between popular practice often enclosed to oral uses and scholar practice influenced by the written norm. Historic context and comparison of different points of view on this linguistic major change let highlight its causes and process, and also think wider about the place of languages at globalization time.

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Hal:tel-00869047

Le document en format XML

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<abstract xml:lang="en">Arradon is a commune on the shore of south Brittany, located close to Vannes. Breton has been the language of quite its whole population right up the 20th century. Accounts from some native Breton speakers show how lively was its practice until the 2nd world war : in the daily life, through the oral culture (tales, songs, rhymes etc.) and more rarely in written uses. However, since the end of the 1st world war a break happened in the transmission of the language. Therefore the linguistic divide which was sociological became a divide between generations. Breton language had negative connotations : at the beginning of the century, associated with powerty because economic elites were French speakers and with ignorance because French was the only language allowed at school ; later, it seemed tied up to the past and the vanishing traditional rural civilization. After the 2nd world war, only old people can speak Breton and the demographic jump of the commune since 1965 increased their different being. At the end of the XXth century, Breton is getting more consideration in the public sphere but the gap between the local dialect and the standard makes difficult the links between popular practice often enclosed to oral uses and scholar practice influenced by the written norm. Historic context and comparison of different points of view on this linguistic major change let highlight its causes and process, and also think wider about the place of languages at globalization time.</abstract>
<abstract xml:lang="fr">Arradon est une commune littorale du sud de la Bretagne, située aux portes de Vannes. Le breton a été la langue de la quasi totalité de sa population jusqu’au XXe siècle. Les témoignages recueillis auprès de quelques bretonnants locaux montrent la vitalité de sa pratique jusqu’à la seconde guerre mondiale ; récits de vie, recueil de littérature orale (contes, chansons, comptines ...) et plus rares exemples d’utilisation à l’écrit l’attestent. Dès la fin de la première guerre mondiale cependant, se produit une rupture dans la transmission de la langue. Dès lors le clivage linguistique, auparavant sociologique, devient aussi générationnel. Le breton est connoté négativement : corrélé dès le début du siècle avec la pauvreté car les élites économiques sont francophones et avec l’ignorance car le français est la seule langue admise à l’école, il semble désormais lié au passé et à une civilisation paysanne traditionnelle qui disparaît Après la seconde guerre mondiale, seules les personnes âgées parlent breton et le bond démographique de la commune à partir de 1965 accentue encore cette marginalisation. À la fin du XXe siècle, le breton suscite un regain d’intérêt mais la distance entre le parler local et la norme standard ne favorise pas le lien entre anciens et nouveaux locuteurs, entre pratique populaire souvent confinée à l’oralité et pratique scolaire influencée par l’écrit. La mise en perspective historique et la confrontation de différents regards sur cette mutation linguistique permettent d’en analyser les causes et les processus, et aussi d’étendre la réflexion à la place des langues à l’heure de la mondialisation.</abstract>
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