MozartV1, PascalFrancis, Corpus, bibRecord, 000156

Spatial variability of summertime tropospheric ozone over the continental United States : Implications of an evaluation of the CMAQ model

Identifieur interne : 000156 ( PascalFrancis/Corpus ); précédent : 000155; suivant : 000157

Spatial variability of summertime tropospheric ozone over the continental United States : Implications of an evaluation of the CMAQ model

Auteurs : Daniel Q. Tong ; Denise L. Mauzerall

Source :

Atmospheric environment : (1994) [ 1352-2310 ] ; 2006.

RBID : Pascal:06-0320245

Descripteurs français

Pascal (Inist)
- Troposphère, Eté, Pollution air, Oxydant photochimique, Ozone, Distribution concentration, Variation spatiale, Répartition altitudinale, Simulation numérique, Qualité air, Performance algorithme, Moyenne temporelle, Cartographie, Etats Unis.

English descriptors

KwdEn :
- Air pollution, Air quality, Algorithm performance, Altitudinal distribution, Cartography, Concentration distribution, Numerical simulation, Ozone, Photochemical oxidants, Spatial variation, Summer, Time average, Troposphere, United States.

Abstract

This study evaluates the ability of the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model to simulate the spatial variability of summertime ozone (O₃) at the surface and in the free troposphere over the continental United States. Simulated surface O₃ concentrations are compared with 987 Air Quality System (AQS) sites and 123 Clean Air Status and Trends Network (CASTNet) sites. CMAQ's ability to reproduce surface observations varies with O₃ concentration. The model best simulates observed O₃ for intermediate concentrations (40-60 ppbv), while over-(under-) predicting at lower (higher) levels. CMAQ reproduces surface O₃ for a wide range of conditions (30-80 ppbv) with a normalized mean error (NME) less than 35% and normalized mean bias (NMB) lying between ±15% for the whole domain. Although systematically over-predicting O₃ in the east and under-predicting it in the western United States, CMAQ is able to reproduce 1- and 8-h daily maxima with a cross-domain mean bias (MB) of 1 and 8 ppbv, or NMB of 8% and 25%, respectively. The model underestimates observed O₃ at rural sites (MB = -5 ppbv, NMB = -5% and NME = 23% with a 40 ppbv cut-off value) and over-predicts it at urban and suburban sites by a similar magnitude (MB = 6 ppbv, NMB = 7% and NME = 25%). Apparent errors and biases decrease when data is averaged over longer periods, suggesting that most evaluation statistics are dependent on the time scale of data aggregation. Therefore, performance criteria should specify an averaging period (e.g., 1- or 8-h) and not be independent of averaging period as some current model evaluation studies imply. Comparisons of vertical profiles of simulated O₃ with ozonesonde data show both overestimation and underestimation by 10-20 ppbv in the lower troposphere and a consistent under-prediction in the upper troposphere. Vertical O₃ distributions are better simulated when lateral boundary conditions obtained from the global Model of Ozone and Related Tracers version 2 (MOZART-2) are used, but under-prediction remains. The assumption of zero-flux at the top boundary and the resulting exclusion of the contribution of stratosphere-troposphere exchange to tropospheric O₃ concentrations limit the ability of CMAQ to reproduce O₃ concentrations in the upper troposphere.

Notice en format standard (ISO 2709)

Pour connaître la documentation sur le format Inist Standard.

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A05				`@2 40`
A06				`@2 17`
A08	`01`	`1`	`ENG`	`@1 Spatial variability of summertime tropospheric ozone over the continental United States : Implications of an evaluation of the CMAQ model`
A11	`01`	`1`		`@1 TONG (Daniel Q.)`
A11	`02`	`1`		`@1 MAUZERALL (Denise L.)`
A14	`01`			`@1 Science, Technology and Environmental Policy Program, Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs, Princeton University @2 Princeton, NJ 08544 @3 USA @Z 1 aut. @Z 2 aut.`
A14	`02`			`@1 Geosciences Department, Princeton University @3 USA @Z 2 aut.`
A20				`@1 3041-3056`
A21				`@1 2006`
A23	`01`			`@0 ENG`
A43	`01`			`@1 INIST @2 8940B @5 354000142637850040`
A44				`@0 0000 @1 © 2006 INIST-CNRS. All rights reserved.`
A45				`@0 1 p.1/4`
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A60				`@1 P`
A61				`@0 A`
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C01	`01`		`ENG`	@0 This study evaluates the ability of the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model to simulate the spatial variability of summertime ozone (O₃) at the surface and in the free troposphere over the continental United States. Simulated surface O₃ concentrations are compared with 987 Air Quality System (AQS) sites and 123 Clean Air Status and Trends Network (CASTNet) sites. CMAQ's ability to reproduce surface observations varies with O₃ concentration. The model best simulates observed O₃ for intermediate concentrations (40-60 ppbv), while over-(under-) predicting at lower (higher) levels. CMAQ reproduces surface O₃ for a wide range of conditions (30-80 ppbv) with a normalized mean error (NME) less than 35% and normalized mean bias (NMB) lying between ±15% for the whole domain. Although systematically over-predicting O₃ in the east and under-predicting it in the western United States, CMAQ is able to reproduce 1- and 8-h daily maxima with a cross-domain mean bias (MB) of 1 and 8 ppbv, or NMB of 8% and 25%, respectively. The model underestimates observed O₃ at rural sites (MB = -5 ppbv, NMB = -5% and NME = 23% with a 40 ppbv cut-off value) and over-predicts it at urban and suburban sites by a similar magnitude (MB = 6 ppbv, NMB = 7% and NME = 25%). Apparent errors and biases decrease when data is averaged over longer periods, suggesting that most evaluation statistics are dependent on the time scale of data aggregation. Therefore, performance criteria should specify an averaging period (e.g., 1- or 8-h) and not be independent of averaging period as some current model evaluation studies imply. Comparisons of vertical profiles of simulated O₃ with ozonesonde data show both overestimation and underestimation by 10-20 ppbv in the lower troposphere and a consistent under-prediction in the upper troposphere. Vertical O₃ distributions are better simulated when lateral boundary conditions obtained from the global Model of Ozone and Related Tracers version 2 (MOZART-2) are used, but under-prediction remains. The assumption of zero-flux at the top boundary and the resulting exclusion of the contribution of stratosphere-troposphere exchange to tropospheric O₃ concentrations limit the ability of CMAQ to reproduce O₃ concentrations in the upper troposphere.
C02	`01`	`X`		`@0 001D16C03`
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C03	`01`	`X`	`ENG`	`@0 Troposphere @5 01`
C03	`01`	`X`	`SPA`	`@0 Troposfera @5 01`
C03	`02`	`X`	`FRE`	`@0 Eté @5 02`
C03	`02`	`X`	`ENG`	`@0 Summer @5 02`
C03	`02`	`X`	`SPA`	`@0 Verano @5 02`
C03	`03`	`X`	`FRE`	`@0 Pollution air @5 03`
C03	`03`	`X`	`ENG`	`@0 Air pollution @5 03`
C03	`03`	`X`	`SPA`	`@0 Contaminación aire @5 03`
C03	`04`	`3`	`FRE`	`@0 Oxydant photochimique @5 04`
C03	`04`	`3`	`ENG`	`@0 Photochemical oxidants @5 04`
C03	`05`	`X`	`FRE`	`@0 Ozone @2 NK @2 FX @5 05`
C03	`05`	`X`	`ENG`	`@0 Ozone @2 NK @2 FX @5 05`
C03	`05`	`X`	`SPA`	`@0 Ozono @2 NK @2 FX @5 05`
C03	`06`	`X`	`FRE`	`@0 Distribution concentration @5 06`
C03	`06`	`X`	`ENG`	`@0 Concentration distribution @5 06`
C03	`06`	`X`	`SPA`	`@0 Distribución concentración @5 06`
C03	`07`	`X`	`FRE`	`@0 Variation spatiale @5 07`
C03	`07`	`X`	`ENG`	`@0 Spatial variation @5 07`
C03	`07`	`X`	`SPA`	`@0 Variación espacial @5 07`
C03	`08`	`X`	`FRE`	`@0 Répartition altitudinale @5 08`
C03	`08`	`X`	`ENG`	`@0 Altitudinal distribution @5 08`
C03	`08`	`X`	`SPA`	`@0 Distribución de altitud @5 08`
C03	`09`	`X`	`FRE`	`@0 Simulation numérique @5 09`
C03	`09`	`X`	`ENG`	`@0 Numerical simulation @5 09`
C03	`09`	`X`	`SPA`	`@0 Simulación numérica @5 09`
C03	`10`	`X`	`FRE`	`@0 Qualité air @5 10`
C03	`10`	`X`	`ENG`	`@0 Air quality @5 10`
C03	`10`	`X`	`SPA`	`@0 Calidad aire @5 10`
C03	`11`	`X`	`FRE`	`@0 Performance algorithme @5 11`
C03	`11`	`X`	`ENG`	`@0 Algorithm performance @5 11`
C03	`11`	`X`	`SPA`	`@0 Resultado algoritmo @5 11`
C03	`12`	`X`	`FRE`	`@0 Moyenne temporelle @5 12`
C03	`12`	`X`	`ENG`	`@0 Time average @5 12`
C03	`12`	`X`	`SPA`	`@0 Promedio temporal @5 12`
C03	`13`	`X`	`FRE`	`@0 Cartographie @5 13`
C03	`13`	`X`	`ENG`	`@0 Cartography @5 13`
C03	`13`	`X`	`SPA`	`@0 Cartografía @5 13`
C03	`14`	`X`	`FRE`	`@0 Etats Unis @2 NG @5 31`
C03	`14`	`X`	`ENG`	`@0 United States @2 NG @5 31`
C03	`14`	`X`	`SPA`	`@0 Estados Unidos @2 NG @5 31`
C07	`01`	`X`	`FRE`	`@0 Amérique du Nord @2 NG`
C07	`01`	`X`	`ENG`	`@0 North America @2 NG`
C07	`01`	`X`	`SPA`	`@0 America del norte @2 NG`
C07	`02`	`X`	`FRE`	`@0 Amérique @2 NG`
C07	`02`	`X`	`ENG`	`@0 America @2 NG`
C07	`02`	`X`	`SPA`	`@0 America @2 NG`
N21				`@1 205`

Format Inist (serveur)

NO :	PASCAL 06-0320245 INIST
ET :	Spatial variability of summertime tropospheric ozone over the continental United States : Implications of an evaluation of the CMAQ model
AU :	TONG (Daniel Q.); MAUZERALL (Denise L.)
AF :	Science, Technology and Environmental Policy Program, Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs, Princeton University/Princeton, NJ 08544/Etats-Unis (1 aut., 2 aut.); Geosciences Department, Princeton University/Etats-Unis (2 aut.)
DT :	Publication en série; Niveau analytique
SO :	Atmospheric environment : (1994); ISSN 1352-2310; Royaume-Uni; Da. 2006; Vol. 40; No. 17; Pp. 3041-3056; Bibl. 1 p.1/4
LA :	Anglais
EA :	This study evaluates the ability of the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model to simulate the spatial variability of summertime ozone (O₃) at the surface and in the free troposphere over the continental United States. Simulated surface O₃ concentrations are compared with 987 Air Quality System (AQS) sites and 123 Clean Air Status and Trends Network (CASTNet) sites. CMAQ's ability to reproduce surface observations varies with O₃ concentration. The model best simulates observed O₃ for intermediate concentrations (40-60 ppbv), while over-(under-) predicting at lower (higher) levels. CMAQ reproduces surface O₃ for a wide range of conditions (30-80 ppbv) with a normalized mean error (NME) less than 35% and normalized mean bias (NMB) lying between ±15% for the whole domain. Although systematically over-predicting O₃ in the east and under-predicting it in the western United States, CMAQ is able to reproduce 1- and 8-h daily maxima with a cross-domain mean bias (MB) of 1 and 8 ppbv, or NMB of 8% and 25%, respectively. The model underestimates observed O₃ at rural sites (MB = -5 ppbv, NMB = -5% and NME = 23% with a 40 ppbv cut-off value) and over-predicts it at urban and suburban sites by a similar magnitude (MB = 6 ppbv, NMB = 7% and NME = 25%). Apparent errors and biases decrease when data is averaged over longer periods, suggesting that most evaluation statistics are dependent on the time scale of data aggregation. Therefore, performance criteria should specify an averaging period (e.g., 1- or 8-h) and not be independent of averaging period as some current model evaluation studies imply. Comparisons of vertical profiles of simulated O₃ with ozonesonde data show both overestimation and underestimation by 10-20 ppbv in the lower troposphere and a consistent under-prediction in the upper troposphere. Vertical O₃ distributions are better simulated when lateral boundary conditions obtained from the global Model of Ozone and Related Tracers version 2 (MOZART-2) are used, but under-prediction remains. The assumption of zero-flux at the top boundary and the resulting exclusion of the contribution of stratosphere-troposphere exchange to tropospheric O₃ concentrations limit the ability of CMAQ to reproduce O₃ concentrations in the upper troposphere.
CC :	001D16C03
FD :	Troposphère; Eté; Pollution air; Oxydant photochimique; Ozone; Distribution concentration; Variation spatiale; Répartition altitudinale; Simulation numérique; Qualité air; Performance algorithme; Moyenne temporelle; Cartographie; Etats Unis
FG :	Amérique du Nord; Amérique
ED :	Troposphere; Summer; Air pollution; Photochemical oxidants; Ozone; Concentration distribution; Spatial variation; Altitudinal distribution; Numerical simulation; Air quality; Algorithm performance; Time average; Cartography; United States
EG :	North America; America
SD :	Troposfera; Verano; Contaminación aire; Ozono; Distribución concentración; Variación espacial; Distribución de altitud; Simulación numérica; Calidad aire; Resultado algoritmo; Promedio temporal; Cartografía; Estados Unidos
LO :	INIST-8940B.354000142637850040
ID :	06-0320245

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Pascal:06-0320245

Le document en format XML

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<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">This study evaluates the ability of the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model to simulate the spatial variability of summertime ozone (O<sub>3</sub>
) at the surface and in the free troposphere over the continental United States. Simulated surface O<sub>3</sub>
 concentrations are compared with 987 Air Quality System (AQS) sites and 123 Clean Air Status and Trends Network (CASTNet) sites. CMAQ's ability to reproduce surface observations varies with O<sub>3</sub>
 concentration. The model best simulates observed O<sub>3</sub>
 for intermediate concentrations (40-60 ppbv), while over-(under-) predicting at lower (higher) levels. CMAQ reproduces surface O<sub>3</sub>
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 in the east and under-predicting it in the western United States, CMAQ is able to reproduce 1- and 8-h daily maxima with a cross-domain mean bias (MB) of 1 and 8 ppbv, or NMB of 8% and 25%, respectively. The model underestimates observed O<sub>3</sub>
 at rural sites (MB = -5 ppbv, NMB = -5% and NME = 23% with a 40 ppbv cut-off value) and over-predicts it at urban and suburban sites by a similar magnitude (MB = 6 ppbv, NMB = 7% and NME = 25%). Apparent errors and biases decrease when data is averaged over longer periods, suggesting that most evaluation statistics are dependent on the time scale of data aggregation. Therefore, performance criteria should specify an averaging period (e.g., 1- or 8-h) and not be independent of averaging period as some current model evaluation studies imply. Comparisons of vertical profiles of simulated O<sub>3</sub>
 with ozonesonde data show both overestimation and underestimation by 10-20 ppbv in the lower troposphere and a consistent under-prediction in the upper troposphere. Vertical O<sub>3</sub>
 distributions are better simulated when lateral boundary conditions obtained from the global Model of Ozone and Related Tracers version 2 (MOZART-2) are used, but under-prediction remains. The assumption of zero-flux at the top boundary and the resulting exclusion of the contribution of stratosphere-troposphere exchange to tropospheric O<sub>3</sub>
 concentrations limit the ability of CMAQ to reproduce O<sub>3</sub>
 concentrations in the upper troposphere.</div>
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<fC01 i1="01" l="ENG"><s0>This study evaluates the ability of the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model to simulate the spatial variability of summertime ozone (O<sub>3</sub>
) at the surface and in the free troposphere over the continental United States. Simulated surface O<sub>3</sub>
 concentrations are compared with 987 Air Quality System (AQS) sites and 123 Clean Air Status and Trends Network (CASTNet) sites. CMAQ's ability to reproduce surface observations varies with O<sub>3</sub>
 concentration. The model best simulates observed O<sub>3</sub>
 for intermediate concentrations (40-60 ppbv), while over-(under-) predicting at lower (higher) levels. CMAQ reproduces surface O<sub>3</sub>
 for a wide range of conditions (30-80 ppbv) with a normalized mean error (NME) less than 35% and normalized mean bias (NMB) lying between ±15% for the whole domain. Although systematically over-predicting O<sub>3</sub>
 in the east and under-predicting it in the western United States, CMAQ is able to reproduce 1- and 8-h daily maxima with a cross-domain mean bias (MB) of 1 and 8 ppbv, or NMB of 8% and 25%, respectively. The model underestimates observed O<sub>3</sub>
 at rural sites (MB = -5 ppbv, NMB = -5% and NME = 23% with a 40 ppbv cut-off value) and over-predicts it at urban and suburban sites by a similar magnitude (MB = 6 ppbv, NMB = 7% and NME = 25%). Apparent errors and biases decrease when data is averaged over longer periods, suggesting that most evaluation statistics are dependent on the time scale of data aggregation. Therefore, performance criteria should specify an averaging period (e.g., 1- or 8-h) and not be independent of averaging period as some current model evaluation studies imply. Comparisons of vertical profiles of simulated O<sub>3</sub>
 with ozonesonde data show both overestimation and underestimation by 10-20 ppbv in the lower troposphere and a consistent under-prediction in the upper troposphere. Vertical O<sub>3</sub>
 distributions are better simulated when lateral boundary conditions obtained from the global Model of Ozone and Related Tracers version 2 (MOZART-2) are used, but under-prediction remains. The assumption of zero-flux at the top boundary and the resulting exclusion of the contribution of stratosphere-troposphere exchange to tropospheric O<sub>3</sub>
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<fC03 i1="01" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Troposphere</s0>
<s5>01</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="01" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Troposfera</s0>
<s5>01</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="02" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Eté</s0>
<s5>02</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="02" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Summer</s0>
<s5>02</s5>
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<s5>02</s5>
</fC03>
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<s5>03</s5>
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<s5>03</s5>
</fC03>
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<s5>03</s5>
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<s5>04</s5>
</fC03>
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<s5>04</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="05" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Ozone</s0>
<s2>NK</s2>
<s2>FX</s2>
<s5>05</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="05" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Ozone</s0>
<s2>NK</s2>
<s2>FX</s2>
<s5>05</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="05" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Ozono</s0>
<s2>NK</s2>
<s2>FX</s2>
<s5>05</s5>
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<fC03 i1="06" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Distribution concentration</s0>
<s5>06</s5>
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<s5>07</s5>
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<s5>07</s5>
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<s5>07</s5>
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<s5>08</s5>
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<s5>08</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="08" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Distribución de altitud</s0>
<s5>08</s5>
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<s5>09</s5>
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<s5>09</s5>
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<fC03 i1="10" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Qualité air</s0>
<s5>10</s5>
</fC03>
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<s5>10</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="10" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Calidad aire</s0>
<s5>10</s5>
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<fC03 i1="11" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Performance algorithme</s0>
<s5>11</s5>
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<fC03 i1="11" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Algorithm performance</s0>
<s5>11</s5>
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<fC03 i1="11" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Resultado algoritmo</s0>
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<s5>12</s5>
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<s5>12</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="12" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Promedio temporal</s0>
<s5>12</s5>
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<fC03 i1="13" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Cartographie</s0>
<s5>13</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="13" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Cartography</s0>
<s5>13</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="13" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Cartografía</s0>
<s5>13</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="14" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Etats Unis</s0>
<s2>NG</s2>
<s5>31</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="14" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>United States</s0>
<s2>NG</s2>
<s5>31</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="14" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Estados Unidos</s0>
<s2>NG</s2>
<s5>31</s5>
</fC03>
<fC07 i1="01" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Amérique du Nord</s0>
<s2>NG</s2>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="01" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>North America</s0>
<s2>NG</s2>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="01" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>America del norte</s0>
<s2>NG</s2>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="02" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Amérique</s0>
<s2>NG</s2>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="02" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>America</s0>
<s2>NG</s2>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="02" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>America</s0>
<s2>NG</s2>
</fC07>
<fN21><s1>205</s1>
</fN21>
</pA>
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<server><NO>PASCAL 06-0320245 INIST</NO>
<ET>Spatial variability of summertime tropospheric ozone over the continental United States : Implications of an evaluation of the CMAQ model</ET>
<AU>TONG (Daniel Q.); MAUZERALL (Denise L.)</AU>
<AF>Science, Technology and Environmental Policy Program, Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs, Princeton University/Princeton, NJ 08544/Etats-Unis (1 aut., 2 aut.); Geosciences Department, Princeton University/Etats-Unis (2 aut.)</AF>
<DT>Publication en série; Niveau analytique</DT>
<SO>Atmospheric environment : (1994); ISSN 1352-2310; Royaume-Uni; Da. 2006; Vol. 40; No. 17; Pp. 3041-3056; Bibl. 1 p.1/4</SO>
<LA>Anglais</LA>
<EA>This study evaluates the ability of the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model to simulate the spatial variability of summertime ozone (O<sub>3</sub>
) at the surface and in the free troposphere over the continental United States. Simulated surface O<sub>3</sub>
 concentrations are compared with 987 Air Quality System (AQS) sites and 123 Clean Air Status and Trends Network (CASTNet) sites. CMAQ's ability to reproduce surface observations varies with O<sub>3</sub>
 concentration. The model best simulates observed O<sub>3</sub>
 for intermediate concentrations (40-60 ppbv), while over-(under-) predicting at lower (higher) levels. CMAQ reproduces surface O<sub>3</sub>
 for a wide range of conditions (30-80 ppbv) with a normalized mean error (NME) less than 35% and normalized mean bias (NMB) lying between ±15% for the whole domain. Although systematically over-predicting O<sub>3</sub>
 in the east and under-predicting it in the western United States, CMAQ is able to reproduce 1- and 8-h daily maxima with a cross-domain mean bias (MB) of 1 and 8 ppbv, or NMB of 8% and 25%, respectively. The model underestimates observed O<sub>3</sub>
 at rural sites (MB = -5 ppbv, NMB = -5% and NME = 23% with a 40 ppbv cut-off value) and over-predicts it at urban and suburban sites by a similar magnitude (MB = 6 ppbv, NMB = 7% and NME = 25%). Apparent errors and biases decrease when data is averaged over longer periods, suggesting that most evaluation statistics are dependent on the time scale of data aggregation. Therefore, performance criteria should specify an averaging period (e.g., 1- or 8-h) and not be independent of averaging period as some current model evaluation studies imply. Comparisons of vertical profiles of simulated O<sub>3</sub>
 with ozonesonde data show both overestimation and underestimation by 10-20 ppbv in the lower troposphere and a consistent under-prediction in the upper troposphere. Vertical O<sub>3</sub>
 distributions are better simulated when lateral boundary conditions obtained from the global Model of Ozone and Related Tracers version 2 (MOZART-2) are used, but under-prediction remains. The assumption of zero-flux at the top boundary and the resulting exclusion of the contribution of stratosphere-troposphere exchange to tropospheric O<sub>3</sub>
 concentrations limit the ability of CMAQ to reproduce O<sub>3</sub>
 concentrations in the upper troposphere.</EA>
<CC>001D16C03</CC>
<FD>Troposphère; Eté; Pollution air; Oxydant photochimique; Ozone; Distribution concentration; Variation spatiale; Répartition altitudinale; Simulation numérique; Qualité air; Performance algorithme; Moyenne temporelle; Cartographie; Etats Unis</FD>
<FG>Amérique du Nord; Amérique</FG>
<ED>Troposphere; Summer; Air pollution; Photochemical oxidants; Ozone; Concentration distribution; Spatial variation; Altitudinal distribution; Numerical simulation; Air quality; Algorithm performance; Time average; Cartography; United States</ED>
<EG>North America; America</EG>
<SD>Troposfera; Verano; Contaminación aire; Ozono; Distribución concentración; Variación espacial; Distribución de altitud; Simulación numérica; Calidad aire; Resultado algoritmo; Promedio temporal; Cartografía; Estados Unidos</SD>
<LO>INIST-8940B.354000142637850040</LO>
<ID>06-0320245</ID>
</server>
</inist>
</record>

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Spatial variability of summertime tropospheric ozone over the continental United States : Implications of an evaluation of the CMAQ model

Spatial variability of summertime tropospheric ozone over the continental United States : Implications of an evaluation of the CMAQ model

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