The Musicality of Non-Musicians: An Index for Assessing Musical Sophistication in the General Population
Identifieur interne : 000103 ( Main/Merge ); précédent : 000102; suivant : 000104The Musicality of Non-Musicians: An Index for Assessing Musical Sophistication in the General Population
Auteurs : Daniel Müllensiefen [Royaume-Uni] ; Bruno Gingras [Autriche] ; Jason Musil [Royaume-Uni] ; Lauren Stewart [Royaume-Uni]Source :
- PLoS ONE ; 2014.
Abstract
Musical skills and expertise vary greatly in Western societies. Individuals can differ in their repertoire of musical behaviours as well as in the level of skill they display for any single musical behaviour. The types of musical behaviours we refer to here are broad, ranging from performance on an instrument and listening expertise, to the ability to employ music in functional settings or to communicate about music. In this paper, we first describe the concept of ‘musical sophistication’ which can be used to describe the multi-faceted nature of musical expertise. Next, we develop a novel measurement instrument, the Goldsmiths Musical Sophistication Index (Gold-MSI) to assess self-reported musical skills and behaviours on multiple dimensions in the general population using a large Internet sample (n = 147,636). Thirdly, we report results from several lab studies, demonstrating that the Gold-MSI possesses good psychometric properties, and that self-reported musical sophistication is associated with performance on two listening tasks. Finally, we identify occupation, occupational status, age, gender, and wealth as the main socio-demographic factors associated with musical sophistication. Results are discussed in terms of theoretical accounts of implicit and statistical music learning and with regard to social conditions of sophisticated musical engagement.
Url:
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0089642
PubMed: 24586929
PubMed Central: 3935919
Links toward previous steps (curation, corpus...)
- to stream Pmc, to step Corpus: 000794
- to stream Pmc, to step Curation: 000794
- to stream Pmc, to step Checkpoint: 000085
- to stream Ncbi, to step Merge: 000696
- to stream Ncbi, to step Curation: 000696
- to stream Ncbi, to step Checkpoint: 000696
Links to Exploration step
PMC:3935919Le document en format XML
<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">The Musicality of Non-Musicians: An Index for Assessing Musical Sophistication in the General Population</title>
<author><name sortKey="Mullensiefen, Daniel" sort="Mullensiefen, Daniel" uniqKey="Mullensiefen D" first="Daniel" last="Müllensiefen">Daniel Müllensiefen</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><addr-line>Department of Psychology, Goldsmiths, University of London, London, United Kingdom</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Psychology, Goldsmiths, University of London, London</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement>
<region type="country">Angleterre</region>
<region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université de Londres</orgName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Gingras, Bruno" sort="Gingras, Bruno" uniqKey="Gingras B" first="Bruno" last="Gingras">Bruno Gingras</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff2"><addr-line>Department of Cognitive Biology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Autriche</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Cognitive Biology, University of Vienna, Vienna</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Vienne (Autriche)</settlement>
<region nuts="2" type="province">Vienne (Autriche)</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Musil, Jason" sort="Musil, Jason" uniqKey="Musil J" first="Jason" last="Musil">Jason Musil</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><addr-line>Department of Psychology, Goldsmiths, University of London, London, United Kingdom</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Psychology, Goldsmiths, University of London, London</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement>
<region type="country">Angleterre</region>
<region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université de Londres</orgName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Stewart, Lauren" sort="Stewart, Lauren" uniqKey="Stewart L" first="Lauren" last="Stewart">Lauren Stewart</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><addr-line>Department of Psychology, Goldsmiths, University of London, London, United Kingdom</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Psychology, Goldsmiths, University of London, London</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement>
<region type="country">Angleterre</region>
<region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université de Londres</orgName>
</affiliation>
</author>
</titleStmt>
<publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno>
<idno type="pmid">24586929</idno>
<idno type="pmc">3935919</idno>
<idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3935919</idno>
<idno type="RBID">PMC:3935919</idno>
<idno type="doi">10.1371/journal.pone.0089642</idno>
<date when="2014">2014</date>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">000794</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Curation">000794</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Checkpoint">000085</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Ncbi/Merge">000696</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Ncbi/Curation">000696</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Ncbi/Checkpoint">000696</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Merge">000103</idno>
</publicationStmt>
<sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">The Musicality of Non-Musicians: An Index for Assessing Musical Sophistication in the General Population</title>
<author><name sortKey="Mullensiefen, Daniel" sort="Mullensiefen, Daniel" uniqKey="Mullensiefen D" first="Daniel" last="Müllensiefen">Daniel Müllensiefen</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><addr-line>Department of Psychology, Goldsmiths, University of London, London, United Kingdom</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Psychology, Goldsmiths, University of London, London</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement>
<region type="country">Angleterre</region>
<region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université de Londres</orgName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Gingras, Bruno" sort="Gingras, Bruno" uniqKey="Gingras B" first="Bruno" last="Gingras">Bruno Gingras</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff2"><addr-line>Department of Cognitive Biology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Autriche</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Cognitive Biology, University of Vienna, Vienna</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Vienne (Autriche)</settlement>
<region nuts="2" type="province">Vienne (Autriche)</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Musil, Jason" sort="Musil, Jason" uniqKey="Musil J" first="Jason" last="Musil">Jason Musil</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><addr-line>Department of Psychology, Goldsmiths, University of London, London, United Kingdom</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Psychology, Goldsmiths, University of London, London</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement>
<region type="country">Angleterre</region>
<region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université de Londres</orgName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Stewart, Lauren" sort="Stewart, Lauren" uniqKey="Stewart L" first="Lauren" last="Stewart">Lauren Stewart</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><addr-line>Department of Psychology, Goldsmiths, University of London, London, United Kingdom</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Psychology, Goldsmiths, University of London, London</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement>
<region type="country">Angleterre</region>
<region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université de Londres</orgName>
</affiliation>
</author>
</analytic>
<series><title level="j">PLoS ONE</title>
<idno type="e-ISSN">1932-6203</idno>
<imprint><date when="2014">2014</date>
</imprint>
</series>
</biblStruct>
</sourceDesc>
</fileDesc>
<profileDesc><textClass></textClass>
</profileDesc>
</teiHeader>
<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>Musical skills and expertise vary greatly in Western societies. Individuals can differ in their repertoire of musical behaviours as well as in the level of skill they display for any single musical behaviour. The types of musical behaviours we refer to here are broad, ranging from performance on an instrument and listening expertise, to the ability to employ music in functional settings or to communicate about music. In this paper, we first describe the concept of ‘musical sophistication’ which can be used to describe the multi-faceted nature of musical expertise. Next, we develop a novel measurement instrument, the Goldsmiths Musical Sophistication Index (Gold-MSI) to assess self-reported musical skills and behaviours on multiple dimensions in the general population using a large Internet sample (n = 147,636). Thirdly, we report results from several lab studies, demonstrating that the Gold-MSI possesses good psychometric properties, and that self-reported musical sophistication is associated with performance on two listening tasks. Finally, we identify occupation, occupational status, age, gender, and wealth as the main socio-demographic factors associated with musical sophistication. Results are discussed in terms of theoretical accounts of implicit and statistical music learning and with regard to social conditions of sophisticated musical engagement.</p>
</div>
</front>
<back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct></biblStruct>
<biblStruct></biblStruct>
<biblStruct></biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Levitin, Dj" uniqKey="Levitin D">DJ Levitin</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Hallam, S" uniqKey="Hallam S">S Hallam</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Hallam, S" uniqKey="Hallam S">S Hallam</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Prince, V" uniqKey="Prince V">V Prince</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Hyde, Kl" uniqKey="Hyde K">KL Hyde</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Peretz, I" uniqKey="Peretz I">I Peretz</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Stewart, L" uniqKey="Stewart L">L Stewart</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct></biblStruct>
<biblStruct></biblStruct>
<biblStruct></biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Wallentin, M" uniqKey="Wallentin M">M Wallentin</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Nielsen, Ah" uniqKey="Nielsen A">AH Nielsen</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Friis Olivarius, M" uniqKey="Friis Olivarius M">M Friis-Olivarius</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Vuust, C" uniqKey="Vuust C">C Vuust</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Vuust, P" uniqKey="Vuust P">P Vuust</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct></biblStruct>
<biblStruct></biblStruct>
<biblStruct></biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Murphy, C" uniqKey="Murphy C">C Murphy</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct></biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Chin, T" uniqKey="Chin T">T Chin</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Rickard, N" uniqKey="Rickard N">N Rickard</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Cuddy, Ll" uniqKey="Cuddy L">LL Cuddy</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Balkwill, L" uniqKey="Balkwill L">L Balkwill</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Peretz, I" uniqKey="Peretz I">I Peretz</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Holden, Rr" uniqKey="Holden R">RR Holden</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Mcdonald, C" uniqKey="Mcdonald C">C McDonald</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Stewart, L" uniqKey="Stewart L">L Stewart</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct></biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Werner, Pd" uniqKey="Werner P">PD Werner</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Swope, Aj" uniqKey="Swope A">AJ Swope</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Heide, Fj" uniqKey="Heide F">FJ Heide</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Gembris, H" uniqKey="Gembris H">H Gembris</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct></biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Karma, K" uniqKey="Karma K">K Karma</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Augustin, Md" uniqKey="Augustin M">MD Augustin</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Leder, H" uniqKey="Leder H">H Leder</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Chi, Mt" uniqKey="Chi M">MT Chi</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Feltovich, Pj" uniqKey="Feltovich P">PJ Feltovich</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Glaser, R" uniqKey="Glaser R">R Glaser</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Hughson, Al" uniqKey="Hughson A">AL Hughson</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Boakes, Ra" uniqKey="Boakes R">RA Boakes</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Hughson, Al" uniqKey="Hughson A">AL Hughson</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Boakes, Ra" uniqKey="Boakes R">RA Boakes</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Leder, H" uniqKey="Leder H">H Leder</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Belke, B" uniqKey="Belke B">B Belke</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Oeberst, A" uniqKey="Oeberst A">A Oeberst</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Augustin, Md" uniqKey="Augustin M">MD Augustin</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Weiser, M" uniqKey="Weiser M">M Weiser</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Shertz, J" uniqKey="Shertz J">J Shertz</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct></biblStruct>
<biblStruct></biblStruct>
<biblStruct></biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Honeck, Rp" uniqKey="Honeck R">RP Honeck</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Firment, M" uniqKey="Firment M">M Firment</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Case, Tjs" uniqKey="Case T">TJS Case</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct></biblStruct>
<biblStruct></biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Draynal, D" uniqKey="Draynal D">D Draynal</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Manichaikull, A" uniqKey="Manichaikull A">A Manichaikull</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="De Lange, M" uniqKey="De Lange M">M De Lange</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Snieder, H" uniqKey="Snieder H">H Snieder</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Spector, T" uniqKey="Spector T">T Spector</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Park, H" uniqKey="Park H">H Park</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lee, S" uniqKey="Lee S">S Lee</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kim, H" uniqKey="Kim H">H Kim</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ju, Ys" uniqKey="Ju Y">YS Ju</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Shin, J" uniqKey="Shin J">J Shin</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Granot, R" uniqKey="Granot R">R Granot</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Frankel, Y" uniqKey="Frankel Y">Y Frankel</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Gritsenko, V" uniqKey="Gritsenko V">V Gritsenko</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lerer, E" uniqKey="Lerer E">E Lerer</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Gritsenko, I" uniqKey="Gritsenko I">I Gritsenko</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Aheadi, A" uniqKey="Aheadi A">A Aheadi</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Dixon, P" uniqKey="Dixon P">P Dixon</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Glover, S" uniqKey="Glover S">S Glover</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Gaser, C" uniqKey="Gaser C">C Gaser</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Schlaug, G" uniqKey="Schlaug G">G Schlaug</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Hassler, M" uniqKey="Hassler M">M Hassler</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Gupta, D" uniqKey="Gupta D">D Gupta</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Koelsch, S" uniqKey="Koelsch S">S Koelsch</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Gunter, T" uniqKey="Gunter T">T Gunter</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Friederici, Ad" uniqKey="Friederici A">AD Friederici</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Schroger, E" uniqKey="Schroger E">E Schroger</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Paraskevopoulos, E" uniqKey="Paraskevopoulos E">E Paraskevopoulos</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kuchenbuch, A" uniqKey="Kuchenbuch A">A Kuchenbuch</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Herholz, S" uniqKey="Herholz S">S Herholz</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Pantev, C" uniqKey="Pantev C">C Pantev</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Schmithorst, Vj" uniqKey="Schmithorst V">VJ Schmithorst</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Wilke, M" uniqKey="Wilke M">M Wilke</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Zentner, Mr" uniqKey="Zentner M">MR Zentner</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kagan, J" uniqKey="Kagan J">J Kagan</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Hannon, Ee" uniqKey="Hannon E">EE Hannon</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Trehub, Se" uniqKey="Trehub S">SE Trehub</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Werker, Jf" uniqKey="Werker J">JF Werker</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Tees, Rc" uniqKey="Tees R">RC Tees</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Werker, Jf" uniqKey="Werker J">JF Werker</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lalonde, Ce" uniqKey="Lalonde C">CE Lalonde</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Jonaitis, Em" uniqKey="Jonaitis E">EM Jonaitis</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Saffran, Jr" uniqKey="Saffran J">JR Saffran</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Saffran, Jr" uniqKey="Saffran J">JR Saffran</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Aslin, Rn" uniqKey="Aslin R">RN Aslin</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Newport, El" uniqKey="Newport E">EL Newport</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Saffran, Jr" uniqKey="Saffran J">JR Saffran</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Loman, Mm" uniqKey="Loman M">MM Loman</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Robertson, Rrw" uniqKey="Robertson R">RRW Robertson</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Smith, Jd" uniqKey="Smith J">JD Smith</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Nelson, Dgk" uniqKey="Nelson D">DGK Nelson</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Grohshkopf, La" uniqKey="Grohshkopf L">LA Grohshkopf</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Appleton, T" uniqKey="Appleton T">T Appleton</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct></biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Tillmann, B" uniqKey="Tillmann B">B Tillmann</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mcadams, S" uniqKey="Mcadams S">S McAdams</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Bigand, E" uniqKey="Bigand E">E Bigand</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Poulin Charronnat, B" uniqKey="Poulin Charronnat B">B Poulin-Charronnat</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Honing, H" uniqKey="Honing H">H Honing</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Honing, H" uniqKey="Honing H">H Honing</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Annals, Nya" uniqKey="Annals N">NYA Annals</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Chin, T" uniqKey="Chin T">T Chin</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Rickard, N" uniqKey="Rickard N">N Rickard</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Peretz, I" uniqKey="Peretz I">I Peretz</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Zatorre, Rj" uniqKey="Zatorre R">RJ Zatorre</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Stewart, L" uniqKey="Stewart L">L Stewart</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Von Kriegstein, K" uniqKey="Von Kriegstein K">K von Kriegstein</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Warren, Jd" uniqKey="Warren J">JD Warren</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Griffiths, Td" uniqKey="Griffiths T">TD Griffiths</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Kraus, N" uniqKey="Kraus N">N Kraus</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Chandrasekaran, B" uniqKey="Chandrasekaran B">B Chandrasekaran</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct></biblStruct>
<biblStruct></biblStruct>
<biblStruct></biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Cattell, Rb" uniqKey="Cattell R">RB Cattell</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Montanelli, Rg" uniqKey="Montanelli R">RG Montanelli</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Humphreys, Lg" uniqKey="Humphreys L">LG Humphreys</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Dinno, A" uniqKey="Dinno A">A Dinno</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct></biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Revelle, W" uniqKey="Revelle W">W Revelle</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Rocklin, T" uniqKey="Rocklin T">T Rocklin</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct></biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Musek, J" uniqKey="Musek J">J Musek</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct></biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Revelle, W" uniqKey="Revelle W">W Revelle</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Wilt, J" uniqKey="Wilt J">J Wilt</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Zinbarg, Re" uniqKey="Zinbarg R">RE Zinbarg</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Revelle, W" uniqKey="Revelle W">W Revelle</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Yovel, I" uniqKey="Yovel I">I Yovel</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Li, W" uniqKey="Li W">W Li</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Schmid, J" uniqKey="Schmid J">J Schmid</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Leiman, Jm" uniqKey="Leiman J">JM Leiman</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct></biblStruct>
<biblStruct></biblStruct>
<biblStruct></biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Rizopoulos, D" uniqKey="Rizopoulos D">D Rizopoulos</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Eysenck, Mw" uniqKey="Eysenck M">MW Eysenck</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Gosling, Sd" uniqKey="Gosling S">SD Gosling</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Rentfrow, Pj" uniqKey="Rentfrow P">PJ Rentfrow</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Swann, Wb" uniqKey="Swann W">WB Swann</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Rentfrow, Pj" uniqKey="Rentfrow P">PJ Rentfrow</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Gosling, Sd" uniqKey="Gosling S">SD Gosling</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Paulhus, Dl" uniqKey="Paulhus D">DL Paulhus</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lysy, Dc" uniqKey="Lysy D">DC Lysy</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Yik, Msn" uniqKey="Yik M">MSN Yik</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Furnham, A" uniqKey="Furnham A">A Furnham</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Chamorro Premuzic, T" uniqKey="Chamorro Premuzic T">T Chamorro-Premuzic</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Furnham, A" uniqKey="Furnham A">A Furnham</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Moutafi, J" uniqKey="Moutafi J">J Moutafi</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Young, Wt" uniqKey="Young W">WT Young</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct></biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Young, Wt" uniqKey="Young W">WT Young</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Schleuter, Sl" uniqKey="Schleuter S">SL Schleuter</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Schleuter, Lj" uniqKey="Schleuter L">LJ Schleuter</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct></biblStruct>
<biblStruct></biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Ruthsatz, J" uniqKey="Ruthsatz J">J Ruthsatz</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Detterman, D" uniqKey="Detterman D">D Detterman</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Griscom, Ws" uniqKey="Griscom W">WS Griscom</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Cirullo, Ba" uniqKey="Cirullo B">BA Cirullo</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Droves, Tj" uniqKey="Droves T">TJ Droves</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Herdener, M" uniqKey="Herdener M">M Herdener</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Esposito, F" uniqKey="Esposito F">F Esposito</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Di Salle, F" uniqKey="Di Salle F">F di Salle</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Boller, C" uniqKey="Boller C">C Boller</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hilti, C" uniqKey="Hilti C">C Hilti</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Sepp Nen, M" uniqKey="Sepp Nen M">M Seppänen</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Brattico, E" uniqKey="Brattico E">E Brattico</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Tervaniemi, M" uniqKey="Tervaniemi M">M Tervaniemi</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Mccrae, Rr" uniqKey="Mccrae R">RR McCrae</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Mcmanus, Ic" uniqKey="Mcmanus I">IC McManus</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Furnham, A" uniqKey="Furnham A">A Furnham</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Furnham, A" uniqKey="Furnham A">A Furnham</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Chamorro Premuzic, T" uniqKey="Chamorro Premuzic T">T Chamorro-Premuzic</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Hunter, Pg" uniqKey="Hunter P">PG Hunter</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Schellenberg, Eg" uniqKey="Schellenberg E">EG Schellenberg</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Rentfrow, Pj" uniqKey="Rentfrow P">PJ Rentfrow</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Gosling, Sd" uniqKey="Gosling S">SD Gosling</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Chamorro Premuzic, T" uniqKey="Chamorro Premuzic T">T Chamorro-Premuzic</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Furnham, A" uniqKey="Furnham A">A Furnham</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Ladinig, O" uniqKey="Ladinig O">O Ladinig</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Schellenberg, Eg" uniqKey="Schellenberg E">EG Schellenberg</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Vuoskoski, Jk" uniqKey="Vuoskoski J">JK Vuoskoski</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Eerola, T" uniqKey="Eerola T">T Eerola</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Kemp, Ae" uniqKey="Kemp A">AE Kemp</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Woody, Rh" uniqKey="Woody R">RH Woody</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Builione, Rs" uniqKey="Builione R">RS Builione</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lipton, Jp" uniqKey="Lipton J">JP Lipton</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct></biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Kemp, Ae" uniqKey="Kemp A">AE Kemp</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Lipton, Jp" uniqKey="Lipton J">JP Lipton</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct></biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Chamorro Premuzic, T" uniqKey="Chamorro Premuzic T">T Chamorro-Premuzic</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Goma I Freixanet, M" uniqKey="Goma I Freixanet M">M Goma-i-Freixanet</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Furnham, A" uniqKey="Furnham A">A Furnham</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Muro, A" uniqKey="Muro A">A Muro</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Furnham, A" uniqKey="Furnham A">A Furnham</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Strbac, L" uniqKey="Strbac L">L Strbac</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Kemp, Ae" uniqKey="Kemp A">AE Kemp</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Litle, P" uniqKey="Litle P">P Litle</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Zuckerman, M" uniqKey="Zuckerman M">M Zuckerman</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Guttman, L" uniqKey="Guttman L">L Guttman</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct></biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="White, B" uniqKey="White B">B White</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct></biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Wing, Hd" uniqKey="Wing H">HD Wing</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Bartlett, Jc" uniqKey="Bartlett J">JC Bartlett</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Dowling, Wj" uniqKey="Dowling W">WJ Dowling</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Cuddy, Ll" uniqKey="Cuddy L">LL Cuddy</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lyons, Hi" uniqKey="Lyons H">HI Lyons</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Halpern, Ar" uniqKey="Halpern A">AR Halpern</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bartlett, Jc" uniqKey="Bartlett J">JC Bartlett</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Dowling, Wj" uniqKey="Dowling W">WJ Dowling</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct></biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Birnbaum, Mh" uniqKey="Birnbaum M">MH Birnbaum</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Dandurand, F" uniqKey="Dandurand F">F Dandurand</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Shultz, Tr" uniqKey="Shultz T">TR Shultz</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Onishi, Kh" uniqKey="Onishi K">KH Onishi</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Duarte Bonini Campos, Ja" uniqKey="Duarte Bonini Campos J">JA Duarte Bonini Campos</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Zucoloto, Ml" uniqKey="Zucoloto M">ML Zucoloto</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sampaio Bonafe, Fs" uniqKey="Sampaio Bonafe F">FS Sampaio Bonafe</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Jordani, Pc" uniqKey="Jordani P">PC Jordani</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Maroco, J" uniqKey="Maroco J">J Maroco</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Reimers, S" uniqKey="Reimers S">S Reimers</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Schellenberg, Eg" uniqKey="Schellenberg E">EG Schellenberg</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Liaw, A" uniqKey="Liaw A">A Liaw</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Wiener, M" uniqKey="Wiener M">M Wiener</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Breiman, L" uniqKey="Breiman L">L Breiman</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct></biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Breiman, L" uniqKey="Breiman L">L Breiman</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Hothorn, T" uniqKey="Hothorn T">T Hothorn</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hornik, K" uniqKey="Hornik K">K Hornik</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Van De Weil, Ma" uniqKey="Van De Weil M">MA Van de Weil</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Zeileis, A" uniqKey="Zeileis A">A Zeileis</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Hothorn, T" uniqKey="Hothorn T">T Hothorn</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hornik, K" uniqKey="Hornik K">K Hornik</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Van De Wiel, Ma" uniqKey="Van De Wiel M">MA Van de Wiel</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Zeileis, A" uniqKey="Zeileis A">A Zeileis</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Westfall, Ph" uniqKey="Westfall P">PH Westfall</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Young, Ss" uniqKey="Young S">SS Young</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Strobl, C" uniqKey="Strobl C">C Strobl</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Malley, J" uniqKey="Malley J">J Malley</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Tutz, G" uniqKey="Tutz G">G Tutz</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct></biblStruct>
<biblStruct></biblStruct>
<biblStruct></biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Chamorro Premuzic, T" uniqKey="Chamorro Premuzic T">T Chamorro-Premuzic</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Furnham, A" uniqKey="Furnham A">A Furnham</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct></biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Hargreaves, D" uniqKey="Hargreaves D">D Hargreaves</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="North, A" uniqKey="North A">A North</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Schellenberg, Eg" uniqKey="Schellenberg E">EG Schellenberg</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Schellenberg, Eg" uniqKey="Schellenberg E">EG Schellenberg</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Schellenberg, Eg" uniqKey="Schellenberg E">EG Schellenberg</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Winner, E" uniqKey="Winner E">E Winner</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
</listBibl>
</div1>
</back>
</TEI>
</record>
Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
EXPLOR_STEP=$WICRI_ROOT/Wicri/Musique/explor/MozartV1/Data/Main/Merge
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_STEP/biblio.hfd -nk 000103 | SxmlIndent | more
Ou
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Main/Merge/biblio.hfd -nk 000103 | SxmlIndent | more
Pour mettre un lien sur cette page dans le réseau Wicri
{{Explor lien |wiki= Wicri/Musique |area= MozartV1 |flux= Main |étape= Merge |type= RBID |clé= PMC:3935919 |texte= The Musicality of Non-Musicians: An Index for Assessing Musical Sophistication in the General Population }}
Pour générer des pages wiki
HfdIndexSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Main/Merge/RBID.i -Sk "pubmed:24586929" \ | HfdSelect -Kh $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Main/Merge/biblio.hfd \ | NlmPubMed2Wicri -a MozartV1
![]() | This area was generated with Dilib version V0.6.20. | ![]() |