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Mechanism of hydroxylation of alkanes by dimethyldioxirane. A radical-clock study

Identifieur interne : 000862 ( Istex/Corpus ); précédent : 000861; suivant : 000863

Mechanism of hydroxylation of alkanes by dimethyldioxirane. A radical-clock study

Auteurs : Raffaella Vanni ; Simon J. Garden ; Jeffrey T. Banks ; Keith U. Ingold

Source :

RBID : ISTEX:3CA19B4ECA6ACDD9A03341C62BFAC00EC7ADE92D

Abstract

The oxidation of 2-cyclopropylpropane by dimethyldioxirane (DMD) to 2-cyclopropyl-propan-2-ol is not a free-radical chain reaction. It is suggested the free-radical chain observed by Minisci et al.8 when alkane / DMD reactions were carried out in the presence of CCl3Br involves H-atom abstraction from the alkane by Cl3,COO· (in air) and by Me2C(O·)OCCl3, as well as by the Cl3C· radical.

Url:
DOI: 10.1016/0040-4039(95)01666-6

Links to Exploration step

ISTEX:3CA19B4ECA6ACDD9A03341C62BFAC00EC7ADE92D

Le document en format XML

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<ce:title>Mechanism of hydroxylation of alkanes by dimethyldioxirane. A radical-clock study</ce:title>
<ce:author-group>
<ce:author>
<ce:given-name>Raffaella</ce:given-name>
<ce:surname>Vanni</ce:surname>
<ce:ranking>*</ce:ranking>
</ce:author>
<ce:author>
<ce:given-name>Simon J.</ce:given-name>
<ce:surname>Garden</ce:surname>
</ce:author>
<ce:author>
<ce:given-name>Jeffrey T.</ce:given-name>
<ce:surname>Banks</ce:surname>
</ce:author>
<ce:author>
<ce:given-name>Keith U.</ce:given-name>
<ce:surname>Ingold</ce:surname>
<ce:ranking>*</ce:ranking>
</ce:author>
<ce:affiliation id="aff1">
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</ce:affiliation>
</ce:author-group>
<ce:date-received day="24" month="7" year="1995"></ce:date-received>
<ce:date-revised day="1" month="9" year="1995"></ce:date-revised>
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<ce:simple-para>The oxidation of 2-cyclopropylpropane by dimethyldioxirane (DMD) to 2-cyclopropyl-propan-2-ol is not a
<ce:italic>free</ce:italic>
-radical chain reaction. It is suggested the
<ce:italic>free</ce:italic>
-radical chain observed by Minisci et al.
<ce:sup loc="post">8</ce:sup>
when alkane / DMD reactions were carried out in the presence of CCl
<ce:inf loc="post">3</ce:inf>
Br involves H-atom abstraction from the alkane by Cl
<ce:inf loc="post">3</ce:inf>
,COO· (in air) and by Me
<ce:inf loc="post">2</ce:inf>
C(O·)OCCl
<ce:inf loc="post">3</ce:inf>
, as well as by the Cl
<ce:inf loc="post">3</ce:inf>
C· radical.</ce:simple-para>
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<ce:section-title>References and notes</ce:section-title>
<ce:bibliography-sec>
<ce:bib-reference id="bib1">
<ce:label>1</ce:label>
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<ce:simple-para>Issued as NRCC N∘.39062</ce:simple-para>
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<ce:italic>cis</ce:italic>
- and
<ce:italic>trans</ce:italic>
-decalins yield the respective 9-decalols, and
<ce:italic>cis</ce:italic>
- and
<ce:italic>trans</ce:italic>
-1,2-dimethylcyclohexanes yield the respective 1,2-dimethylcyclohexan-1-ols on oxidation with DMD
<ce:sup loc="post">6</ce:sup>
and with methyl(trifluoromethyl)dioxirane.
<ce:sup loc="post">7</ce:sup>
</ce:simple-para>
</ce:note>
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<ce:surname>Minisci</ce:surname>
<ce:given-name>F.</ce:given-name>
</sb:author>
<sb:author>
<ce:surname>Zhao</ce:surname>
<ce:given-name>L.</ce:given-name>
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<sb:author>
<ce:surname>Fontana</ce:surname>
<ce:given-name>F.</ce:given-name>
</sb:author>
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<sb:maintitle>Tetrahedron Lett.</sb:maintitle>
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<sb:volume-nr>36</sb:volume-nr>
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<sb:pages>
<sb:first-page>1697</sb:first-page>
<sb:last-page>1700</sb:last-page>
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</ce:bib-reference>
<ce:bib-reference id="bib9">
<ce:label>9.</ce:label>
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<ce:given-name>D.</ce:given-name>
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<ce:label>10</ce:label>
<ce:note>
<ce:simple-para>Cyclopropylcarbinyl radical clocks appear to have been employed in only two earlier studies.
<ce:sup loc="post">11,12</ce:sup>
Rearrangement products were not observed in either study but neither of the clocks had been calibrated (i.e., the rate constants for rearrangement were unknown) and therefore it is doubtful if mechanistic conclusions were warranted.</ce:simple-para>
</ce:note>
</ce:bib-reference>
<ce:bib-reference id="bib11">
<ce:label>11.</ce:label>
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<ce:suffix>Jr.</ce:suffix>
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<ce:label>12.</ce:label>
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</sb:reference>
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<ce:label>13</ce:label>
<ce:note>
<ce:simple-para>We also attempted to probe for the presence of caged radicals using substrates which (by analogy with those developed by Professor Newcomb)
<ce:sup loc="post">14</ce:sup>
would yield ultrafast radical clocks (
<ce:italic>κ</ce:italic>
> 10
<ce:sup loc="post">12</ce:sup>
s
<ce:sup loc="post">−1</ce:sup>
), viz., two 9-fluorenylcyclopropanes substituted in the cyclopropane ring either with four methyl groups or with one isopropyl group. Unfortunately, neither of these hydrocarbons reacted with DMD.</ce:simple-para>
</ce:note>
</ce:bib-reference>
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<ce:label>14.</ce:label>
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<ce:bib-reference id="bib15">
<ce:label>15.</ce:label>
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<ce:given-name>V.W.</ce:given-name>
</sb:author>
<sb:author>
<ce:surname>Lusztyk</ce:surname>
<ce:given-name>J.</ce:given-name>
</sb:author>
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<ce:surname>Ingold</ce:surname>
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<sb:first-page>5687</sb:first-page>
<sb:last-page>5698</sb:last-page>
</sb:pages>
</sb:host>
</sb:reference>
</ce:bib-reference>
<ce:bib-reference id="bib16">
<ce:label>16</ce:label>
<ce:note>
<ce:simple-para>Not only will the new radical center yield CH
<ce:inf loc="post">2</ce:inf>
OH, then CHO, then CO
<ce:inf loc="post">2</ce:inf>
H but also the double bond will be subject to facile epoxidation.</ce:simple-para>
</ce:note>
</ce:bib-reference>
<ce:bib-reference id="bib17">
<ce:label>17</ce:label>
<ce:note>
<ce:simple-para>The fraction,
<ce:italic>f</ce:italic>
, of cage-escaped 2-cyclopropylprop-2-yl radicals which could yield the tertiary alcohol via reaction 4 (and 7) rather than giving ring-opened products via reaction 5 is given by
<ce:italic>f</ce:italic>
=
<ce:italic>k</ce:italic>
<ce:inf loc="post">4</ce:inf>
[DMD]
<ce:inf loc="post">mean</ce:inf>
/
<ce:italic>k</ce:italic>
<ce:inf loc="post">5</ce:inf>
Even with the unlikely assumption that reaction 4 is diffusion-controlled, i. e.,
<ce:italic>k</ce:italic>
<ce:inf loc="post">4
<ce:sup loc="post">~</ce:sup>
</ce:inf>
10
<ce:sup loc="post">9</ce:sup>
M
<ce:sup loc="post">−1</ce:sup>
s
<ce:sup loc="post">−1</ce:sup>
,
<ce:italic>f</ce:italic>
values are small under our conditions, e. g. ~ 0.24 for Expt. 2 and ~ 0.028 for Expt. 3. If
<ce:italic>k</ce:italic>
<ce:inf loc="post">4</ce:inf>
is < 10
<ce:sup loc="post">9</ce:sup>
M
<ce:sup loc="post">−1</ce:sup>
s
<ce:sup loc="post">−1</ce:sup>
virtually no radicals would survive long enough to make any of the tertiary alcohol.</ce:simple-para>
</ce:note>
</ce:bib-reference>
<ce:bib-reference id="bib18">
<ce:label>18</ce:label>
<ce:note>
<ce:simple-para>In this connection we note that Curci et al.
<ce:sup loc="post">7</ce:sup>
found no chlorinated products when methyl(trifluoromethyl)dioxirane reacted with a variety of hydrocarbons in CH
<ce:inf loc="post">2</ce:inf>
Cl
<ce:inf loc="post">2</ce:inf>
/ CF
<ce:inf loc="post">3</ce:inf>
COCH
<ce:inf loc="post">3</ce:inf>
(ca. 9:1 v/v) at −21 to 5°C but, of course, CH
<ce:inf loc="post">2</ce:inf>
Cl
<ce:inf loc="post">2</ce:inf>
is a much poorer halogen atom donor than CCl
<ce:inf loc="post">3</ce:inf>
Br. However, it should also be noted that Minisci et al.
<ce:sup loc="post">19</ce:sup>
have demonstrated that at least some R·
<ce:italic>free</ce:italic>
-radicals are formed in the DMD oxidation of RH = cyclohexane and adamantane by trapping the R· with protonated heteroaromatic bases.</ce:simple-para>
</ce:note>
</ce:bib-reference>
<ce:bib-reference id="bib19">
<ce:label>19.</ce:label>
<sb:reference>
<sb:contribution langtype="en">
<sb:authors>
<sb:author>
<ce:surname>Minisci</ce:surname>
<ce:given-name>F.</ce:given-name>
</sb:author>
<sb:author>
<ce:surname>Zhao</ce:surname>
<ce:given-name>L.</ce:given-name>
</sb:author>
<sb:author>
<ce:surname>Fontana</ce:surname>
<ce:given-name>F.</ce:given-name>
</sb:author>
<sb:author>
<ce:surname>Bravo</ce:surname>
<ce:given-name>A.</ce:given-name>
</sb:author>
</sb:authors>
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<sb:issue>
<sb:series>
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<sb:maintitle>Tetrahedron Lett.</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
<sb:volume-nr>36</sb:volume-nr>
</sb:series>
<sb:date>1995</sb:date>
</sb:issue>
<sb:pages>
<sb:first-page>1895</sb:first-page>
<sb:last-page>1898</sb:last-page>
</sb:pages>
</sb:host>
</sb:reference>
</ce:bib-reference>
<ce:bib-reference id="bib20">
<ce:label>20.</ce:label>
<ce:other-ref>
<ce:textref>Bravo A., Fontana F., Fronza G., Mele A., Minisci F.
<ce:italic>J. Chem. Soc, Chem. Comm.</ce:italic>
in press.</ce:textref>
</ce:other-ref>
</ce:bib-reference>
<ce:bib-reference id="bib21">
<ce:label>21.</ce:label>
<sb:reference>
<sb:contribution langtype="en">
<sb:authors>
<sb:author>
<ce:surname>Minisci</ce:surname>
<ce:given-name>F.</ce:given-name>
</sb:author>
<sb:author>
<ce:surname>Fontana</ce:surname>
<ce:given-name>F.</ce:given-name>
</sb:author>
<sb:author>
<ce:surname>Pianese</ce:surname>
<ce:given-name>G.</ce:given-name>
</sb:author>
<sb:author>
<ce:surname>Yan</ce:surname>
<ce:given-name>Y.M.</ce:given-name>
</sb:author>
</sb:authors>
</sb:contribution>
<sb:host>
<sb:issue>
<sb:series>
<sb:title>
<sb:maintitle>J. Org. Chem.</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
<sb:volume-nr>58</sb:volume-nr>
</sb:series>
<sb:date>1993</sb:date>
</sb:issue>
<sb:pages>
<sb:first-page>4207</sb:first-page>
<sb:last-page>4211</sb:last-page>
</sb:pages>
</sb:host>
</sb:reference>
</ce:bib-reference>
</ce:bibliography-sec>
</ce:bibliography>
</tail>
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<title>Mechanism of hydroxylation of alkanes by dimethyldioxirane. A radical-clock study</title>
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<abstract lang="en">The oxidation of 2-cyclopropylpropane by dimethyldioxirane (DMD) to 2-cyclopropyl-propan-2-ol is not a free-radical chain reaction. It is suggested the free-radical chain observed by Minisci et al.8 when alkane / DMD reactions were carried out in the presence of CCl3Br involves H-atom abstraction from the alkane by Cl3,COO· (in air) and by Me2C(O·)OCCl3, as well as by the Cl3C· radical.</abstract>
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