The application and interpretation of Keeling plots in terrestrial carbon cycle research
Identifieur interne : 000334 ( Istex/Corpus ); précédent : 000333; suivant : 000335The application and interpretation of Keeling plots in terrestrial carbon cycle research
Auteurs : D. E. Pataki ; J. R. Ehleringer ; L. B. Flanagan ; D. Yakir ; D. R. Bowling ; C. J. Still ; N. Buchmann ; J. O. Kaplan ; J. A. BerrySource :
- Global Biogeochemical Cycles [ 0886-6236 ] ; 2003-03.
Abstract
Photosynthesis and respiration impart distinct isotopic signatures to the atmosphere that are used to constrain global carbon source/sink estimates and partition ecosystem fluxes. Increasingly, the “Keeling plot” method is being used to determine the carbon isotope composition of ecosystem respiration (δ13CR) in order to better understand the processes controlling ecosystem isotope discrimination. In this paper we synthesize emergent patterns in δ13CR by analyzing 146 Keeling plots constructed at 33 sites across North and South America. In order to interpret results from disparate studies, we discuss the assumptions underlying the Keeling plot method and recommend standardized methods for determining δ13CR. These include the use of regression calculations that account for error in the x variable, and constraining estimates of δ13CR to nighttime periods. We then recalculate δ13CR uniformly for all sites. We found a high degree of temporal and spatial variability in C3 ecosystems, with individual observations ranging from −19.0 to −32.6‰. Mean C3 ecosystem discrimination was 18.3‰. Precipitation was a major driver of both temporal and spatial variability of δ13CR, suggesting (1) a large influence of recently fixed carbon on ecosystem respiration and (2) a significant effect of previous climatic effects on δ13CR. These results illustrate the importance of water availability as a key control on atmospheric 13CO2 and highlight the potential of δ13CR as a useful tool for integrating environmental effects on dynamic canopy and ecosystem processes.
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DOI: 10.1029/2001GB001850
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Cycles</title><idno type="ISSN">0886-6236</idno><idno type="eISSN">1944-9224</idno><imprint><publisher>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher><date type="published" when="2003-03">2003-03</date><biblScope unit="volume">17</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">1</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="n/a">n/a</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="n/a">n/a</biblScope></imprint><idno type="ISSN">0886-6236</idno></series><idno type="istex">C727EB6D94804A33F4209F9DBDB6B7E862D6580B</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1029/2001GB001850</idno><idno type="ArticleID">2001GB001850</idno></biblStruct></sourceDesc><seriesStmt><idno type="ISSN">0886-6236</idno></seriesStmt></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass><langUsage><language ident="en">en</language></langUsage></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract">Photosynthesis and respiration impart distinct isotopic signatures to the atmosphere that are used to constrain global carbon source/sink estimates and partition ecosystem fluxes. Increasingly, the “Keeling plot” method is being used to determine the carbon isotope composition of ecosystem respiration (δ13CR) in order to better understand the processes controlling ecosystem isotope discrimination. In this paper we synthesize emergent patterns in δ13CR by analyzing 146 Keeling plots constructed at 33 sites across North and South America. In order to interpret results from disparate studies, we discuss the assumptions underlying the Keeling plot method and recommend standardized methods for determining δ13CR. These include the use of regression calculations that account for error in the x variable, and constraining estimates of δ13CR to nighttime periods. We then recalculate δ13CR uniformly for all sites. We found a high degree of temporal and spatial variability in C3 ecosystems, with individual observations ranging from −19.0 to −32.6‰. Mean C3 ecosystem discrimination was 18.3‰. Precipitation was a major driver of both temporal and spatial variability of δ13CR, suggesting (1) a large influence of recently fixed carbon on ecosystem respiration and (2) a significant effect of previous climatic effects on δ13CR. These results illustrate the importance of water availability as a key control on atmospheric 13CO2 and highlight the potential of δ13CR as a useful tool for integrating environmental effects on dynamic canopy and ecosystem processes.</div></front></TEI><istex><corpusName>wiley</corpusName><author><json:item><name>D. E. Pataki</name><affiliations><json:string>Department of Biology, University of Utah, Utah, Salt Lake City, USA</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>J. R. Ehleringer</name><affiliations><json:string>Department of Biology, University of Utah, Utah, Salt Lake City, USA</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>L. B. Flanagan</name><affiliations><json:string>Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Alberta, Lethbridge, Canada</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>D. Yakir</name><affiliations><json:string>Department of Environmental Science, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>D. R. Bowling</name><affiliations><json:string>Department of Biology, University of Utah, Utah, Salt Lake City, USA</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>C. J. Still</name><affiliations><json:string>Berkeley Atmospheric Sciences Center, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA</json:string><json:string>Now at Department of Geography, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, USA.</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>N. 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Berry</name><affiliations><json:string>Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution of Washington, California, Stanford, USA</json:string></affiliations></json:item></author><subject><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>carbon cycle</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>carbon isotopes</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>ecosystem respiration</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>carbon dioxide</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>terrestrial ecosystems</value></json:item></subject><language><json:string>eng</json:string></language><abstract>Photosynthesis and respiration impart distinct isotopic signatures to the atmosphere that are used to constrain global carbon source/sink estimates and partition ecosystem fluxes. Increasingly, the “Keeling plot” method is being used to determine the carbon isotope composition of ecosystem respiration (δ13CR) in order to better understand the processes controlling ecosystem isotope discrimination. In this paper we synthesize emergent patterns in δ13CR by analyzing 146 Keeling plots constructed at 33 sites across North and South America. In order to interpret results from disparate studies, we discuss the assumptions underlying the Keeling plot method and recommend standardized methods for determining δ13CR. These include the use of regression calculations that account for error in the x variable, and constraining estimates of δ13CR to nighttime periods. We then recalculate δ13CR uniformly for all sites. We found a high degree of temporal and spatial variability in C3 ecosystems, with individual observations ranging from −19.0 to −32.6‰. Mean C3 ecosystem discrimination was 18.3‰. Precipitation was a major driver of both temporal and spatial variability of δ13CR, suggesting (1) a large influence of recently fixed carbon on ecosystem respiration and (2) a significant effect of previous climatic effects on δ13CR. These results illustrate the importance of water availability as a key control on atmospheric 13CO2 and highlight the potential of δ13CR as a useful tool for integrating environmental effects on dynamic canopy and ecosystem processes.</abstract><qualityIndicators><score>7.736</score><pdfVersion>1.3</pdfVersion><pdfPageSize>610 x 795 pts</pdfPageSize><refBibsNative>true</refBibsNative><keywordCount>5</keywordCount><abstractCharCount>1566</abstractCharCount><pdfWordCount>10681</pdfWordCount><pdfCharCount>64253</pdfCharCount><pdfPageCount>15</pdfPageCount><abstractWordCount>228</abstractWordCount></qualityIndicators><title>The application and interpretation of Keeling plots in terrestrial carbon cycle research</title><genre><json:string>article</json:string></genre><host><volume>17</volume><pages><total>14</total><last>n/a</last><first>n/a</first></pages><issn><json:string>0886-6236</json:string></issn><issue>1</issue><subject><json:item><value>ATMOSPHERIC COMPOSITION AND STRUCTURE</value></json:item><json:item><value>Biosphere/atmosphere interactions</value></json:item><json:item><value>Constituent sources and sinks</value></json:item><json:item><value>BIOGEOSCIENCES</value></json:item><json:item><value>Biogeochemical kinetics and reaction modeling</value></json:item><json:item><value>Biogeochemical cycles, processes, and modeling</value></json:item><json:item><value>CRYOSPHERE</value></json:item><json:item><value>Biogeochemistry</value></json:item><json:item><value>GLOBAL CHANGE</value></json:item><json:item><value>Biogeochemical cycles, processes, and modeling</value></json:item><json:item><value>Instruments and techniques</value></json:item><json:item><value>ATMOSPHERIC PROCESSES</value></json:item><json:item><value>Meteorology and Atmospheric Dynamics: Land/atmosphere interactions</value></json:item><json:item><value>OCEANOGRAPHY: BIOLOGICAL AND CHEMICAL</value></json:item><json:item><value>Biogeochemical cycles, processes, and modeling</value></json:item><json:item><value>PALEOCEANOGRAPHY</value></json:item><json:item><value>Biogeochemical cycles, processes, and modeling</value></json:item></subject><genre></genre><language><json:string>unknown</json:string></language><eissn><json:string>1944-9224</json:string></eissn><title>Global Biogeochemical Cycles</title><doi><json:string>10.1002/(ISSN)1944-9224</json:string></doi></host><publicationDate>2003</publicationDate><copyrightDate>2003</copyrightDate><doi><json:string>10.1029/2001GB001850</json:string></doi><id>C727EB6D94804A33F4209F9DBDB6B7E862D6580B</id><fulltext><json:item><original>true</original><mimetype>application/pdf</mimetype><extension>pdf</extension><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/C727EB6D94804A33F4209F9DBDB6B7E862D6580B/fulltext/pdf</uri></json:item><json:item><original>false</original><mimetype>application/zip</mimetype><extension>zip</extension><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/C727EB6D94804A33F4209F9DBDB6B7E862D6580B/fulltext/zip</uri></json:item><istex:fulltextTEI uri="https://api.istex.fr/document/C727EB6D94804A33F4209F9DBDB6B7E862D6580B/fulltext/tei"><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title level="a" type="main" xml:lang="en">The application and interpretation of Keeling plots in terrestrial carbon cycle research</title></titleStmt><publicationStmt><authority>ISTEX</authority><publisher>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher><availability><p>WILEY</p></availability><date>2003</date></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct type="inbook"><analytic><title level="a" type="main" xml:lang="en">The application and interpretation of Keeling plots in terrestrial carbon cycle research</title><author><persName><forename type="first">D. E.</forename><surname>Pataki</surname></persName><affiliation>Department of Biology, University of Utah, Utah, Salt Lake City, USA</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">J. R.</forename><surname>Ehleringer</surname></persName><affiliation>Department of Biology, University of Utah, Utah, Salt Lake City, USA</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">L. B.</forename><surname>Flanagan</surname></persName><affiliation>Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Alberta, Lethbridge, Canada</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">D.</forename><surname>Yakir</surname></persName><affiliation>Department of Environmental Science, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">D. R.</forename><surname>Bowling</surname></persName><affiliation>Department of Biology, University of Utah, Utah, Salt Lake City, USA</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">C. J.</forename><surname>Still</surname></persName><affiliation>Berkeley Atmospheric Sciences Center, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA</affiliation><affiliation>Now at Department of Geography, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, USA.</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">N.</forename><surname>Buchmann</surname></persName><affiliation>Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">J. O.</forename><surname>Kaplan</surname></persName><affiliation>Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">J. 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Increasingly, the “Keeling plot” method is being used to determine the carbon isotope composition of ecosystem respiration (δ13CR) in order to better understand the processes controlling ecosystem isotope discrimination. In this paper we synthesize emergent patterns in δ13CR by analyzing 146 Keeling plots constructed at 33 sites across North and South America. In order to interpret results from disparate studies, we discuss the assumptions underlying the Keeling plot method and recommend standardized methods for determining δ13CR. These include the use of regression calculations that account for error in the x variable, and constraining estimates of δ13CR to nighttime periods. We then recalculate δ13CR uniformly for all sites. We found a high degree of temporal and spatial variability in C3 ecosystems, with individual observations ranging from −19.0 to −32.6‰. Mean C3 ecosystem discrimination was 18.3‰. Precipitation was a major driver of both temporal and spatial variability of δ13CR, suggesting (1) a large influence of recently fixed carbon on ecosystem respiration and (2) a significant effect of previous climatic effects on δ13CR. These results illustrate the importance of water availability as a key control on atmospheric 13CO2 and highlight the potential of δ13CR as a useful tool for integrating environmental effects on dynamic canopy and ecosystem processes.</p></abstract><textClass><keywords scheme="keyword"><list><head>Keywords</head><item><term>carbon cycle</term></item><item><term>carbon isotopes</term></item><item><term>ecosystem respiration</term></item><item><term>carbon dioxide</term></item><item><term>terrestrial ecosystems</term></item></list></keywords></textClass><textClass><keywords scheme="Journal Subject"><list><head>Index Terms</head><item><term>ATMOSPHERIC COMPOSITION AND STRUCTURE</term></item><item><term>Biosphere/atmosphere interactions</term></item><item><term>Constituent sources and sinks</term></item><item><term>BIOGEOSCIENCES</term></item><item><term>Biogeochemical kinetics and reaction modeling</term></item><item><term>Biogeochemical cycles, processes, and modeling</term></item><item><term>CRYOSPHERE</term></item><item><term>Biogeochemistry</term></item><item><term>GLOBAL CHANGE</term></item><item><term>Biogeochemical cycles, processes, and modeling</term></item><item><term>Instruments and techniques</term></item><item><term>ATMOSPHERIC PROCESSES</term></item><item><term>Meteorology and Atmospheric Dynamics: Land/atmosphere interactions</term></item><item><term>OCEANOGRAPHY: BIOLOGICAL AND CHEMICAL</term></item><item><term>Biogeochemical cycles, processes, and modeling</term></item><item><term>PALEOCEANOGRAPHY</term></item><item><term>Biogeochemical cycles, processes, and modeling</term></item></list></keywords></textClass></profileDesc><revisionDesc><change when="2001-12-16">Received</change><change when="2002-09-03">Registration</change><change when="2003-03">Published</change></revisionDesc></teiHeader></istex:fulltextTEI><json:item><original>false</original><mimetype>text/plain</mimetype><extension>txt</extension><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/C727EB6D94804A33F4209F9DBDB6B7E862D6580B/fulltext/txt</uri></json:item></fulltext><metadata><istex:metadataXml wicri:clean="Wiley, elements deleted: body"><istex:xmlDeclaration>version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="yes"</istex:xmlDeclaration><istex:document><component type="serialArticle" version="2.0" xml:lang="en" xml:id="gbc892"><header><publicationMeta level="product"><doi>10.1002/(ISSN)1944-9224</doi><issn type="print">0886-6236</issn><issn type="electronic">1944-9224</issn><idGroup><id type="product" value="GBC"></id><id type="coden" value="GBCYEP"></id></idGroup><titleGroup><title type="main" xml:lang="en" sort="GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES">Global Biogeochemical Cycles</title><title type="short">Global Biogeochem. 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E.</givenNames></author>, <author><givenNames>J. R.</givenNames> <familyName>Ehleringer</familyName></author>, <author><givenNames>L. B.</givenNames> <familyName>Flanagan</familyName></author>, <author><givenNames>D.</givenNames> <familyName>Yakir</familyName></author>, <author><givenNames>D. R.</givenNames> <familyName>Bowling</familyName></author>, <author><givenNames>C. J.</givenNames> <familyName>Still</familyName></author>, <author><givenNames>N.</givenNames> <familyName>Buchmann</familyName></author>, <author><givenNames>J. O.</givenNames> <familyName>Kaplan</familyName></author>, and <author><givenNames>J. A.</givenNames> <familyName>Berry</familyName></author> (<pubYear year="2003">2003</pubYear>), <articleTitle>The application and interpretation of Keeling plots in terrestrial carbon cycle research</articleTitle>, <journalTitle>Global Biogeochem. Cycles</journalTitle>, <vol>17</vol>, 1022, doi:<accessionId ref="info:doi/10.1029/2001GB001850">10.1029/2001GB001850</accessionId>, <issue>1</issue>.</citation></selfCitationGroup><linkGroup><link type="toTypesetVersion" href="file:GBC.GBC892.pdf"></link></linkGroup></publicationMeta><contentMeta><countGroup><count type="figureTotal" number="11"></count></countGroup><titleGroup><title type="main">The application and interpretation of Keeling plots in terrestrial carbon cycle research</title><title type="short">APPLICATION OF KEELING PLOTS</title><title type="shortAuthors">Pataki <i>et al</i>.</title></titleGroup><creators><creator creatorRole="author" xml:id="gbc892-cr-0001" affiliationRef="#gbc892-aff-0001"><personName><givenNames>D. E.</givenNames> <familyName>Pataki</familyName></personName></creator><creator creatorRole="author" xml:id="gbc892-cr-0002" affiliationRef="#gbc892-aff-0001"><personName><givenNames>J. R.</givenNames> <familyName>Ehleringer</familyName></personName></creator><creator creatorRole="author" xml:id="gbc892-cr-0003" affiliationRef="#gbc892-aff-0002"><personName><givenNames>L. B.</givenNames> <familyName>Flanagan</familyName></personName></creator><creator creatorRole="author" xml:id="gbc892-cr-0004" affiliationRef="#gbc892-aff-0003"><personName><givenNames>D.</givenNames> <familyName>Yakir</familyName></personName></creator><creator creatorRole="author" xml:id="gbc892-cr-0005" affiliationRef="#gbc892-aff-0001"><personName><givenNames>D. R.</givenNames> <familyName>Bowling</familyName></personName></creator><creator creatorRole="author" xml:id="gbc892-cr-0006" affiliationRef="#gbc892-aff-0004 #gbc892-aff-0007"><personName><givenNames>C. J.</givenNames> <familyName>Still</familyName></personName></creator><creator creatorRole="author" xml:id="gbc892-cr-0007" affiliationRef="#gbc892-aff-0005"><personName><givenNames>N.</givenNames> <familyName>Buchmann</familyName></personName></creator><creator creatorRole="author" xml:id="gbc892-cr-0008" affiliationRef="#gbc892-aff-0005"><personName><givenNames>J. O.</givenNames> <familyName>Kaplan</familyName></personName></creator><creator creatorRole="author" xml:id="gbc892-cr-0009" affiliationRef="#gbc892-aff-0006"><personName><givenNames>J. A.</givenNames> <familyName>Berry</familyName></personName></creator></creators><affiliationGroup><affiliation countryCode="US" type="organization" xml:id="gbc892-aff-0001"><orgDiv>Department of Biology</orgDiv><orgName>University of Utah</orgName><address><city>Salt Lake City</city><countryPart>Utah</countryPart><country>USA</country></address></affiliation><affiliation countryCode="CA" type="organization" xml:id="gbc892-aff-0002"><orgDiv>Department of Biological Sciences</orgDiv><orgName>University of Lethbridge</orgName><address><city>Lethbridge</city><countryPart>Alberta</countryPart><country>Canada</country></address></affiliation><affiliation countryCode="IL" type="organization" xml:id="gbc892-aff-0003"><orgDiv>Department of Environmental Science</orgDiv><orgName>Weizmann Institute of Science</orgName><address><city>Rehovot</city><country>Israel</country></address></affiliation><affiliation countryCode="US" type="organization" xml:id="gbc892-aff-0004"><orgDiv>Berkeley Atmospheric Sciences Center</orgDiv><orgName>University of California, Berkeley</orgName><address><city>Berkeley</city><countryPart>California</countryPart><country>USA</country></address></affiliation><affiliation countryCode="DE" type="organization" xml:id="gbc892-aff-0005"><orgName>Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry</orgName><address><city>Jena</city><country>Germany</country></address></affiliation><affiliation countryCode="US" type="organization" xml:id="gbc892-aff-0006"><orgDiv>Department of Plant Biology</orgDiv><orgName>Carnegie Institution of Washington</orgName><address><city>Stanford</city><countryPart>California</countryPart><country>USA</country></address></affiliation><affiliation type="organization" xml:id="gbc892-aff-0007"><unparsedAffiliation>Now at Department of Geography, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, USA.</unparsedAffiliation></affiliation></affiliationGroup><keywordGroup type="author"><keyword xml:id="gbc892-kwd-0001">carbon cycle</keyword><keyword xml:id="gbc892-kwd-0002">carbon isotopes</keyword><keyword xml:id="gbc892-kwd-0003">ecosystem respiration</keyword><keyword xml:id="gbc892-kwd-0004">carbon dioxide</keyword><keyword xml:id="gbc892-kwd-0005">terrestrial ecosystems</keyword></keywordGroup><abstractGroup><abstract type="main"><p xml:id="gbc892-para-0001" label="1">Photosynthesis and respiration impart distinct isotopic signatures to the atmosphere that are used to constrain global carbon source/sink estimates and partition ecosystem fluxes. Increasingly, the “Keeling plot” method is being used to determine the carbon isotope composition of ecosystem respiration (δ<sup>13</sup>C<sub>R</sub>) in order to better understand the processes controlling ecosystem isotope discrimination. In this paper we synthesize emergent patterns in δ<sup>13</sup>C<sub>R</sub> by analyzing 146 Keeling plots constructed at 33 sites across North and South America. In order to interpret results from disparate studies, we discuss the assumptions underlying the Keeling plot method and recommend standardized methods for determining δ<sup>13</sup>C<sub>R</sub>. These include the use of regression calculations that account for error in the <i>x</i> variable, and constraining estimates of δ<sup>13</sup>C<sub>R</sub> to nighttime periods. We then recalculate δ<sup>13</sup>C<sub>R</sub> uniformly for all sites. We found a high degree of temporal and spatial variability in C<sub>3</sub> ecosystems, with individual observations ranging from −19.0 to −32.6‰. Mean C<sub>3</sub> ecosystem discrimination was 18.3‰. Precipitation was a major driver of both temporal and spatial variability of δ<sup>13</sup>C<sub>R</sub>, suggesting (1) a large influence of recently fixed carbon on ecosystem respiration and (2) a significant effect of previous climatic effects on δ<sup>13</sup>C<sub>R</sub>. These results illustrate the importance of water availability as a key control on atmospheric <sup>13</sup>CO<sub>2</sub> and highlight the potential of δ<sup>13</sup>C<sub>R</sub> as a useful tool for integrating environmental effects on dynamic canopy and ecosystem processes.</p></abstract></abstractGroup></contentMeta></header></component></istex:document></istex:metadataXml><mods version="3.6"><titleInfo lang="en"><title>The application and interpretation of Keeling plots in terrestrial carbon cycle research</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="abbreviated"><title>APPLICATION OF KEELING PLOTS</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="alternative" contentType="CDATA" lang="en"><title>The application and interpretation of Keeling plots in terrestrial carbon cycle research</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">D. E.</namePart><namePart type="family">Pataki</namePart><affiliation>Department of Biology, University of Utah, Utah, Salt Lake City, USA</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">J. R.</namePart><namePart type="family">Ehleringer</namePart><affiliation>Department of Biology, University of Utah, Utah, Salt Lake City, USA</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">L. B.</namePart><namePart type="family">Flanagan</namePart><affiliation>Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Alberta, Lethbridge, Canada</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">D.</namePart><namePart type="family">Yakir</namePart><affiliation>Department of Environmental Science, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">D. R.</namePart><namePart type="family">Bowling</namePart><affiliation>Department of Biology, University of Utah, Utah, Salt Lake City, USA</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">C. J.</namePart><namePart type="family">Still</namePart><affiliation>Berkeley Atmospheric Sciences Center, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA</affiliation><affiliation>Now at Department of Geography, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, USA.</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">N.</namePart><namePart type="family">Buchmann</namePart><affiliation>Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">J. O.</namePart><namePart type="family">Kaplan</namePart><affiliation>Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">J. A.</namePart><namePart type="family">Berry</namePart><affiliation>Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution of Washington, California, Stanford, USA</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><typeOfResource>text</typeOfResource><genre type="article" displayLabel="article"></genre><originInfo><publisher>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher><dateIssued encoding="w3cdtf">2003-03</dateIssued><dateCaptured encoding="w3cdtf">2001-12-16</dateCaptured><dateValid encoding="w3cdtf">2002-09-03</dateValid><edition>Pataki, D. E., J. R. Ehleringer, L. B. Flanagan, D. Yakir, D. R. Bowling, C. J. Still, N. Buchmann, J. O. Kaplan, and J. A. Berry (2003), The application and interpretation of Keeling plots in terrestrial carbon cycle research, Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 17, 1022, doi:10.1029/2001GB001850, 1.</edition><copyrightDate encoding="w3cdtf">2003</copyrightDate></originInfo><language><languageTerm type="code" authority="rfc3066">en</languageTerm><languageTerm type="code" authority="iso639-2b">eng</languageTerm></language><physicalDescription><internetMediaType>text/html</internetMediaType><extent unit="figures">11</extent></physicalDescription><abstract>Photosynthesis and respiration impart distinct isotopic signatures to the atmosphere that are used to constrain global carbon source/sink estimates and partition ecosystem fluxes. Increasingly, the “Keeling plot” method is being used to determine the carbon isotope composition of ecosystem respiration (δ13CR) in order to better understand the processes controlling ecosystem isotope discrimination. In this paper we synthesize emergent patterns in δ13CR by analyzing 146 Keeling plots constructed at 33 sites across North and South America. In order to interpret results from disparate studies, we discuss the assumptions underlying the Keeling plot method and recommend standardized methods for determining δ13CR. These include the use of regression calculations that account for error in the x variable, and constraining estimates of δ13CR to nighttime periods. We then recalculate δ13CR uniformly for all sites. We found a high degree of temporal and spatial variability in C3 ecosystems, with individual observations ranging from −19.0 to −32.6‰. Mean C3 ecosystem discrimination was 18.3‰. Precipitation was a major driver of both temporal and spatial variability of δ13CR, suggesting (1) a large influence of recently fixed carbon on ecosystem respiration and (2) a significant effect of previous climatic effects on δ13CR. These results illustrate the importance of water availability as a key control on atmospheric 13CO2 and highlight the potential of δ13CR as a useful tool for integrating environmental effects on dynamic canopy and ecosystem processes.</abstract><subject><genre>Keywords</genre><topic>carbon cycle</topic><topic>carbon isotopes</topic><topic>ecosystem respiration</topic><topic>carbon dioxide</topic><topic>terrestrial ecosystems</topic></subject><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Global Biogeochemical Cycles</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="abbreviated"><title>Global Biogeochem. Cycles</title></titleInfo><genre type="Journal">journal</genre><subject><genre>Index Terms</genre><topic authorityURI="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/0300">ATMOSPHERIC COMPOSITION AND STRUCTURE</topic><topic authorityURI="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/0315">Biosphere/atmosphere interactions</topic><topic authorityURI="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/0322">Constituent sources and sinks</topic><topic authorityURI="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/0400">BIOGEOSCIENCES</topic><topic authorityURI="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/0412">Biogeochemical kinetics and reaction modeling</topic><topic authorityURI="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/0414">Biogeochemical cycles, processes, and modeling</topic><topic authorityURI="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/0700">CRYOSPHERE</topic><topic authorityURI="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/0793">Biogeochemistry</topic><topic authorityURI="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/1600">GLOBAL CHANGE</topic><topic authorityURI="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/1615">Biogeochemical cycles, processes, and modeling</topic><topic authorityURI="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/1694">Instruments and techniques</topic><topic authorityURI="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/3300">ATMOSPHERIC PROCESSES</topic><topic authorityURI="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/3322">Meteorology and Atmospheric Dynamics: Land/atmosphere interactions</topic><topic authorityURI="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/4800">OCEANOGRAPHY: BIOLOGICAL AND CHEMICAL</topic><topic authorityURI="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/4805">Biogeochemical cycles, processes, and modeling</topic><topic authorityURI="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/4900">PALEOCEANOGRAPHY</topic><topic authorityURI="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/4912">Biogeochemical cycles, processes, and modeling</topic></subject><identifier type="ISSN">0886-6236</identifier><identifier type="eISSN">1944-9224</identifier><identifier type="DOI">10.1002/(ISSN)1944-9224</identifier><identifier type="CODEN">GBCYEP</identifier><identifier type="PublisherID">GBC</identifier><part><date>2003</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>17</number></detail><detail type="issue"><caption>no.</caption><number>1</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>n/a</start><end>n/a</end><total>14</total></extent></part></relatedItem><identifier type="istex">C727EB6D94804A33F4209F9DBDB6B7E862D6580B</identifier><identifier type="DOI">10.1029/2001GB001850</identifier><identifier type="ArticleID">2001GB001850</identifier><accessCondition type="use and reproduction" contentType="copyright">Copyright 2003 by the American Geophysical Union.</accessCondition><recordInfo><recordContentSource>WILEY</recordContentSource></recordInfo></mods></metadata><serie></serie></istex></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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