Deadly combination of genes and drought: increased mortality of herbivore‐resistant trees in a foundation species
Identifieur interne : 000318 ( Istex/Corpus ); précédent : 000317; suivant : 000319Deadly combination of genes and drought: increased mortality of herbivore‐resistant trees in a foundation species
Auteurs : Christopher M. Sthultz ; Catherine A. Gehring ; Thomas G. WhithamSource :
- Global Change Biology [ 1354-1013 ] ; 2009-08.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
Abstract
Current climate models predict a shift to warmer, drier conditions in the southwestern US. While major shifts in plant distribution are expected to follow these climate changes, interactions among species and intraspecific genetic variation rarely have been incorporated into models of future plant distributions. We examined the drought‐related mortality of pinyon pine (Pinus edulis) in northern Arizona focusing on trees that showed genetically‐based resistance or susceptibility to a nonlethal herbivore, the shoot‐boring moth, Dioryctria albovittella. Because moth resistant trees have outperformed susceptible trees during 20 years of study, and herbivory has been shown to increase drought related mortality, we expected higher mortality rates in susceptible trees. However, our field observations and greenhouse experiments showed several unexpected patterns relevant to understanding the consequences of climate change: (1) The mortality of adult P. edulis resistant to the moth was three times higher than the mortality of trees susceptible to the moth. (2) Over a few years, differential mortality caused a shift in stand structure from resistant dominated to equality (3 : 1 resistant : susceptible to 1 : 1). (3) Adult moth resistant trees suffered significantly greater water stress than adult moth susceptible trees, suggesting that variation among the two groups in drought tolerance may be a mechanism for differential mortality. (4) When grown under drought conditions in the greenhouse, seedlings from resistant mothers died sooner than seedlings from susceptible mothers. These data support the hypothesis that drought can act as an agent of balancing selection and that drought resistance is a heritable trait. Taken together, our findings suggest that genetic variation in a population can be an important factor in determining its response to future climate change, and argue for the inclusion of genetics into models developed to understand the consequences of climate change.
Url:
DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.01901.x
Links to Exploration step
ISTEX:B3E79859FEC1339D0917A9C9E1F42355832CCF5ELe document en format XML
<record><TEI wicri:istexFullTextTei="biblStruct"><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Deadly combination of genes and drought: increased mortality of herbivore‐resistant trees in a foundation species</title><author><name sortKey="Sthultz, Christopher M" sort="Sthultz, Christopher M" uniqKey="Sthultz C" first="Christopher M." last="Sthultz">Christopher M. Sthultz</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA,</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gehring, Catherine A" sort="Gehring, Catherine A" uniqKey="Gehring C" first="Catherine A." last="Gehring">Catherine A. Gehring</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA,</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Merriam‐Powell Center for Environmental Research, Flagstaff, AZ, USA</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Whitham, Thomas G" sort="Whitham, Thomas G" uniqKey="Whitham T" first="Thomas G." last="Whitham">Thomas G. Whitham</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA,</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Merriam‐Powell Center for Environmental Research, Flagstaff, AZ, USA</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">ISTEX</idno><idno type="RBID">ISTEX:B3E79859FEC1339D0917A9C9E1F42355832CCF5E</idno><date when="2009" year="2009">2009</date><idno type="doi">10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.01901.x</idno><idno type="url">https://api.istex.fr/document/B3E79859FEC1339D0917A9C9E1F42355832CCF5E/fulltext/pdf</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Istex/Corpus">000318</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title level="a" type="main" xml:lang="en">Deadly combination of genes and drought: increased mortality of herbivore‐resistant trees in a foundation species</title><author><name sortKey="Sthultz, Christopher M" sort="Sthultz, Christopher M" uniqKey="Sthultz C" first="Christopher M." last="Sthultz">Christopher M. Sthultz</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA,</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gehring, Catherine A" sort="Gehring, Catherine A" uniqKey="Gehring C" first="Catherine A." last="Gehring">Catherine A. Gehring</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA,</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Merriam‐Powell Center for Environmental Research, Flagstaff, AZ, USA</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Whitham, Thomas G" sort="Whitham, Thomas G" uniqKey="Whitham T" first="Thomas G." last="Whitham">Thomas G. Whitham</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA,</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Merriam‐Powell Center for Environmental Research, Flagstaff, AZ, USA</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author></analytic><monogr></monogr><series><title level="j">Global Change Biology</title><idno type="ISSN">1354-1013</idno><idno type="eISSN">1365-2486</idno><imprint><publisher>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher><pubPlace>Oxford, UK</pubPlace><date type="published" when="2009-08">2009-08</date><biblScope unit="volume">15</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">8</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="1949">1949</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="1961">1961</biblScope></imprint><idno type="ISSN">1354-1013</idno></series><idno type="istex">B3E79859FEC1339D0917A9C9E1F42355832CCF5E</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.01901.x</idno><idno type="ArticleID">GCB1901</idno></biblStruct></sourceDesc><seriesStmt><idno type="ISSN">1354-1013</idno></seriesStmt></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Pinus edulis</term><term>climate change</term><term>drought</term><term>genetic variation</term><term>herbivory</term><term>mortality</term><term>pinyon pine</term><term>resistance</term><term>seedling experiment</term><term>selection</term></keywords></textClass><langUsage><language ident="en">en</language></langUsage></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Current climate models predict a shift to warmer, drier conditions in the southwestern US. While major shifts in plant distribution are expected to follow these climate changes, interactions among species and intraspecific genetic variation rarely have been incorporated into models of future plant distributions. We examined the drought‐related mortality of pinyon pine (Pinus edulis) in northern Arizona focusing on trees that showed genetically‐based resistance or susceptibility to a nonlethal herbivore, the shoot‐boring moth, Dioryctria albovittella. Because moth resistant trees have outperformed susceptible trees during 20 years of study, and herbivory has been shown to increase drought related mortality, we expected higher mortality rates in susceptible trees. However, our field observations and greenhouse experiments showed several unexpected patterns relevant to understanding the consequences of climate change: (1) The mortality of adult P. edulis resistant to the moth was three times higher than the mortality of trees susceptible to the moth. (2) Over a few years, differential mortality caused a shift in stand structure from resistant dominated to equality (3 : 1 resistant : susceptible to 1 : 1). (3) Adult moth resistant trees suffered significantly greater water stress than adult moth susceptible trees, suggesting that variation among the two groups in drought tolerance may be a mechanism for differential mortality. (4) When grown under drought conditions in the greenhouse, seedlings from resistant mothers died sooner than seedlings from susceptible mothers. These data support the hypothesis that drought can act as an agent of balancing selection and that drought resistance is a heritable trait. Taken together, our findings suggest that genetic variation in a population can be an important factor in determining its response to future climate change, and argue for the inclusion of genetics into models developed to understand the consequences of climate change.</div></front></TEI><istex><corpusName>wiley</corpusName><author><json:item><name>CHRISTOPHER M. STHULTZ</name><affiliations><json:string>Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA,</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>CATHERINE A. GEHRING</name><affiliations><json:string>Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA,</json:string><json:string>Merriam‐Powell Center for Environmental Research, Flagstaff, AZ, USA</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>THOMAS G. WHITHAM</name><affiliations><json:string>Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA,</json:string><json:string>Merriam‐Powell Center for Environmental Research, Flagstaff, AZ, USA</json:string></affiliations></json:item></author><subject><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>climate change</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>drought</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>genetic variation</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>herbivory</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>mortality</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>Pinus edulis</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>pinyon pine</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>resistance</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>seedling experiment</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>selection</value></json:item></subject><language><json:string>eng</json:string></language><abstract>Current climate models predict a shift to warmer, drier conditions in the southwestern US. While major shifts in plant distribution are expected to follow these climate changes, interactions among species and intraspecific genetic variation rarely have been incorporated into models of future plant distributions. We examined the drought‐related mortality of pinyon pine (Pinus edulis) in northern Arizona focusing on trees that showed genetically‐based resistance or susceptibility to a nonlethal herbivore, the shoot‐boring moth, Dioryctria albovittella. Because moth resistant trees have outperformed susceptible trees during 20 years of study, and herbivory has been shown to increase drought related mortality, we expected higher mortality rates in susceptible trees. However, our field observations and greenhouse experiments showed several unexpected patterns relevant to understanding the consequences of climate change: (1) The mortality of adult P. edulis resistant to the moth was three times higher than the mortality of trees susceptible to the moth. (2) Over a few years, differential mortality caused a shift in stand structure from resistant dominated to equality (3 : 1 resistant : susceptible to 1 : 1). (3) Adult moth resistant trees suffered significantly greater water stress than adult moth susceptible trees, suggesting that variation among the two groups in drought tolerance may be a mechanism for differential mortality. (4) When grown under drought conditions in the greenhouse, seedlings from resistant mothers died sooner than seedlings from susceptible mothers. These data support the hypothesis that drought can act as an agent of balancing selection and that drought resistance is a heritable trait. Taken together, our findings suggest that genetic variation in a population can be an important factor in determining its response to future climate change, and argue for the inclusion of genetics into models developed to understand the consequences of climate change.</abstract><qualityIndicators><score>8</score><pdfVersion>1.3</pdfVersion><pdfPageSize>595.276 x 782.362 pts</pdfPageSize><refBibsNative>true</refBibsNative><keywordCount>10</keywordCount><abstractCharCount>2000</abstractCharCount><pdfWordCount>8793</pdfWordCount><pdfCharCount>53655</pdfCharCount><pdfPageCount>13</pdfPageCount><abstractWordCount>287</abstractWordCount></qualityIndicators><title>Deadly combination of genes and drought: increased mortality of herbivore‐resistant trees in a foundation species</title><genre><json:string>article</json:string></genre><host><volume>15</volume><pages><total>13</total><last>1961</last><first>1949</first></pages><issn><json:string>1354-1013</json:string></issn><issue>8</issue><genre></genre><language><json:string>unknown</json:string></language><eissn><json:string>1365-2486</json:string></eissn><title>Global Change Biology</title><doi><json:string>10.1111/(ISSN)1365-2486</json:string></doi></host><publicationDate>2009</publicationDate><copyrightDate>2009</copyrightDate><doi><json:string>10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.01901.x</json:string></doi><id>B3E79859FEC1339D0917A9C9E1F42355832CCF5E</id><fulltext><json:item><original>true</original><mimetype>application/pdf</mimetype><extension>pdf</extension><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/B3E79859FEC1339D0917A9C9E1F42355832CCF5E/fulltext/pdf</uri></json:item><json:item><original>false</original><mimetype>application/zip</mimetype><extension>zip</extension><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/B3E79859FEC1339D0917A9C9E1F42355832CCF5E/fulltext/zip</uri></json:item><istex:fulltextTEI uri="https://api.istex.fr/document/B3E79859FEC1339D0917A9C9E1F42355832CCF5E/fulltext/tei"><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title level="a" type="main" xml:lang="en">Deadly combination of genes and drought: increased mortality of herbivore‐resistant trees in a foundation species</title></titleStmt><publicationStmt><authority>ISTEX</authority><publisher>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher><pubPlace>Oxford, UK</pubPlace><availability><p>WILEY</p></availability><date>2009</date></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct type="inbook"><analytic><title level="a" type="main" xml:lang="en">Deadly combination of genes and drought: increased mortality of herbivore‐resistant trees in a foundation species</title><author><persName><forename type="first">CHRISTOPHER M.</forename><surname>STHULTZ</surname></persName><affiliation>Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA,</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">CATHERINE A.</forename><surname>GEHRING</surname></persName><affiliation>Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA,</affiliation><affiliation>Merriam‐Powell Center for Environmental Research, Flagstaff, AZ, USA</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">THOMAS G.</forename><surname>WHITHAM</surname></persName><affiliation>Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA,</affiliation><affiliation>Merriam‐Powell Center for Environmental Research, Flagstaff, AZ, USA</affiliation></author></analytic><monogr><title level="j">Global Change Biology</title><idno type="pISSN">1354-1013</idno><idno type="eISSN">1365-2486</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1111/(ISSN)1365-2486</idno><imprint><publisher>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher><pubPlace>Oxford, UK</pubPlace><date type="published" when="2009-08"></date><biblScope unit="volume">15</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">8</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="1949">1949</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="1961">1961</biblScope></imprint></monogr><idno type="istex">B3E79859FEC1339D0917A9C9E1F42355832CCF5E</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.01901.x</idno><idno type="ArticleID">GCB1901</idno></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><creation><date>2009</date></creation><langUsage><language ident="en">en</language></langUsage><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Current climate models predict a shift to warmer, drier conditions in the southwestern US. While major shifts in plant distribution are expected to follow these climate changes, interactions among species and intraspecific genetic variation rarely have been incorporated into models of future plant distributions. We examined the drought‐related mortality of pinyon pine (Pinus edulis) in northern Arizona focusing on trees that showed genetically‐based resistance or susceptibility to a nonlethal herbivore, the shoot‐boring moth, Dioryctria albovittella. Because moth resistant trees have outperformed susceptible trees during 20 years of study, and herbivory has been shown to increase drought related mortality, we expected higher mortality rates in susceptible trees. However, our field observations and greenhouse experiments showed several unexpected patterns relevant to understanding the consequences of climate change: (1) The mortality of adult P. edulis resistant to the moth was three times higher than the mortality of trees susceptible to the moth. (2) Over a few years, differential mortality caused a shift in stand structure from resistant dominated to equality (3 : 1 resistant : susceptible to 1 : 1). (3) Adult moth resistant trees suffered significantly greater water stress than adult moth susceptible trees, suggesting that variation among the two groups in drought tolerance may be a mechanism for differential mortality. (4) When grown under drought conditions in the greenhouse, seedlings from resistant mothers died sooner than seedlings from susceptible mothers. These data support the hypothesis that drought can act as an agent of balancing selection and that drought resistance is a heritable trait. Taken together, our findings suggest that genetic variation in a population can be an important factor in determining its response to future climate change, and argue for the inclusion of genetics into models developed to understand the consequences of climate change.</p></abstract><textClass xml:lang="en"><keywords scheme="keyword"><list><head>Keywords</head><item><term>climate change</term></item><item><term>drought</term></item><item><term>genetic variation</term></item><item><term>herbivory</term></item><item><term>mortality</term></item><item><term>Pinus edulis</term></item><item><term>pinyon pine</term></item><item><term>resistance</term></item><item><term>seedling experiment</term></item><item><term>selection</term></item></list></keywords></textClass></profileDesc><revisionDesc><change when="2009-08">Published</change></revisionDesc></teiHeader></istex:fulltextTEI><json:item><original>false</original><mimetype>text/plain</mimetype><extension>txt</extension><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/B3E79859FEC1339D0917A9C9E1F42355832CCF5E/fulltext/txt</uri></json:item></fulltext><metadata><istex:metadataXml wicri:clean="Wiley, elements deleted: body"><istex:xmlDeclaration>version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="yes"</istex:xmlDeclaration><istex:document><component version="2.0" type="serialArticle" xml:lang="en"><header><publicationMeta level="product"><publisherInfo><publisherName>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisherName><publisherLoc>Oxford, UK</publisherLoc></publisherInfo><doi origin="wiley" registered="yes">10.1111/(ISSN)1365-2486</doi><issn type="print">1354-1013</issn><issn type="electronic">1365-2486</issn><idGroup><id type="product" value="GCB"></id><id type="publisherDivision" value="ST"></id></idGroup><titleGroup><title type="main" sort="GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY">Global Change Biology</title></titleGroup></publicationMeta><publicationMeta level="part" position="08008"><doi origin="wiley">10.1111/gcb.2009.15.issue-8</doi><numberingGroup><numbering type="journalVolume" number="15">15</numbering><numbering type="journalIssue" number="8">8</numbering></numberingGroup><coverDate startDate="2009-08">August 2009</coverDate></publicationMeta><publicationMeta level="unit" type="article" position="8" status="forIssue"><doi origin="wiley">10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.01901.x</doi><idGroup><id type="unit" value="GCB1901"></id><id type="supplier" value="1901"></id></idGroup><countGroup><count type="pageTotal" number="13"></count></countGroup><titleGroup><title type="tocHeading1">Original Articles</title></titleGroup><copyright>© 2009 Blackwell Publishing Ltd</copyright><eventGroup><event type="firstOnline" date="2009-02-19"></event><event type="publishedOnlineFinalForm" date="2009-07-02"></event><event type="xmlConverted" agent="Converter:BPG_TO_WML3G version:2.3.2 mode:FullText source:FullText result:FullText" date="2010-03-06"></event><event type="xmlConverted" agent="Converter:WILEY_ML3G_TO_WILEY_ML3GV2 version:3.8.8" date="2014-01-25"></event><event type="xmlConverted" agent="Converter:WML3G_To_WML3G version:4.1.7 mode:FullText,remove_FC" date="2014-10-23"></event></eventGroup><numberingGroup><numbering type="pageFirst" number="1949">1949</numbering><numbering type="pageLast" number="1961">1961</numbering></numberingGroup><correspondenceTo> Christopher M. Sthultz, tel. +1 248 534 1577, fax +1 928 523 7500, e‐mail: <email normalForm="chris.sthultz@gmail.com">chris.sthultz@gmail.com</email></correspondenceTo><linkGroup><link type="toTypesetVersion" href="file:GCB.GCB1901.pdf"></link></linkGroup></publicationMeta><contentMeta><unparsedEditorialHistory>Received 15 August 2008; revised version received 18 January 2009 and accepted 27 January 2008</unparsedEditorialHistory><countGroup><count type="figureTotal" number="4"></count><count type="tableTotal" number="1"></count><count type="formulaTotal" number="0"></count><count type="referenceTotal" number="90"></count><count type="wordTotal" number="10723"></count><count type="linksCrossRef" number="117"></count></countGroup><titleGroup><title type="main">Deadly combination of genes and drought: increased mortality of herbivore‐resistant trees in a foundation species</title><title type="shortAuthors">C. M. STHULTZ <i>et al.</i></title><title type="short">GENES & DROUGHT INFLUENCE MORTALITY OF TREES</title></titleGroup><creators><creator creatorRole="author" xml:id="cr1" affiliationRef="#a1"><personName><givenNames>CHRISTOPHER M.</givenNames><familyName>STHULTZ</familyName></personName></creator><creator creatorRole="author" xml:id="cr2" affiliationRef="#a1 #a2"><personName><givenNames>CATHERINE A.</givenNames><familyName>GEHRING</familyName></personName></creator><creator creatorRole="author" xml:id="cr3" affiliationRef="#a1 #a2"><personName><givenNames>THOMAS G.</givenNames><familyName>WHITHAM</familyName></personName></creator></creators><affiliationGroup><affiliation xml:id="a1" countryCode="US"><unparsedAffiliation>Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA,</unparsedAffiliation></affiliation><affiliation xml:id="a2" countryCode="US"><unparsedAffiliation>Merriam‐Powell Center for Environmental Research, Flagstaff, AZ, USA</unparsedAffiliation></affiliation></affiliationGroup><keywordGroup xml:lang="en"><keyword xml:id="k1">climate change</keyword><keyword xml:id="k2">drought</keyword><keyword xml:id="k3">genetic variation</keyword><keyword xml:id="k4">herbivory</keyword><keyword xml:id="k5">mortality</keyword><keyword xml:id="k6"><i>Pinus edulis</i></keyword><keyword xml:id="k7">pinyon pine</keyword><keyword xml:id="k8">resistance</keyword><keyword xml:id="k9">seedling experiment</keyword><keyword xml:id="k10">selection</keyword></keywordGroup><abstractGroup><abstract type="main" xml:lang="en"><title type="main">Abstract</title><p>Current climate models predict a shift to warmer, drier conditions in the southwestern US. While major shifts in plant distribution are expected to follow these climate changes, interactions among species and intraspecific genetic variation rarely have been incorporated into models of future plant distributions. We examined the drought‐related mortality of pinyon pine (<i>Pinus edulis</i>) in northern Arizona focusing on trees that showed genetically‐based resistance or susceptibility to a nonlethal herbivore, the shoot‐boring moth, <i>Dioryctria albovittella</i>. Because moth resistant trees have outperformed susceptible trees during 20 years of study, and herbivory has been shown to increase drought related mortality, we expected higher mortality rates in susceptible trees. However, our field observations and greenhouse experiments showed several unexpected patterns relevant to understanding the consequences of climate change: (1) The mortality of adult <i>P. edulis</i> resistant to the moth was three times higher than the mortality of trees susceptible to the moth. (2) Over a few years, differential mortality caused a shift in stand structure from resistant dominated to equality (3 : 1 resistant : susceptible to 1 : 1). (3) Adult moth resistant trees suffered significantly greater water stress than adult moth susceptible trees, suggesting that variation among the two groups in drought tolerance may be a mechanism for differential mortality. (4) When grown under drought conditions in the greenhouse, seedlings from resistant mothers died sooner than seedlings from susceptible mothers. These data support the hypothesis that drought can act as an agent of balancing selection and that drought resistance is a heritable trait. Taken together, our findings suggest that genetic variation in a population can be an important factor in determining its response to future climate change, and argue for the inclusion of genetics into models developed to understand the consequences of climate change.</p></abstract></abstractGroup></contentMeta></header></component></istex:document></istex:metadataXml><mods version="3.6"><titleInfo lang="en"><title>Deadly combination of genes and drought: increased mortality of herbivore‐resistant trees in a foundation species</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="abbreviated"><title>GENES & DROUGHT INFLUENCE MORTALITY OF TREES</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="alternative" contentType="CDATA" lang="en"><title>Deadly combination of genes and drought: increased mortality of herbivore‐resistant trees in a foundation species</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">CHRISTOPHER M.</namePart><namePart type="family">STHULTZ</namePart><affiliation>Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA,</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">CATHERINE A.</namePart><namePart type="family">GEHRING</namePart><affiliation>Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA,</affiliation><affiliation>Merriam‐Powell Center for Environmental Research, Flagstaff, AZ, USA</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">THOMAS G.</namePart><namePart type="family">WHITHAM</namePart><affiliation>Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA,</affiliation><affiliation>Merriam‐Powell Center for Environmental Research, Flagstaff, AZ, USA</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><typeOfResource>text</typeOfResource><genre type="article" displayLabel="article"></genre><originInfo><publisher>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher><place><placeTerm type="text">Oxford, UK</placeTerm></place><dateIssued encoding="w3cdtf">2009-08</dateIssued><edition>Received 15 August 2008; revised version received 18 January 2009 and accepted 27 January 2008</edition><copyrightDate encoding="w3cdtf">2009</copyrightDate></originInfo><language><languageTerm type="code" authority="rfc3066">en</languageTerm><languageTerm type="code" authority="iso639-2b">eng</languageTerm></language><physicalDescription><internetMediaType>text/html</internetMediaType><extent unit="figures">4</extent><extent unit="tables">1</extent><extent unit="references">90</extent><extent unit="words">10723</extent></physicalDescription><abstract lang="en">Current climate models predict a shift to warmer, drier conditions in the southwestern US. While major shifts in plant distribution are expected to follow these climate changes, interactions among species and intraspecific genetic variation rarely have been incorporated into models of future plant distributions. We examined the drought‐related mortality of pinyon pine (Pinus edulis) in northern Arizona focusing on trees that showed genetically‐based resistance or susceptibility to a nonlethal herbivore, the shoot‐boring moth, Dioryctria albovittella. Because moth resistant trees have outperformed susceptible trees during 20 years of study, and herbivory has been shown to increase drought related mortality, we expected higher mortality rates in susceptible trees. However, our field observations and greenhouse experiments showed several unexpected patterns relevant to understanding the consequences of climate change: (1) The mortality of adult P. edulis resistant to the moth was three times higher than the mortality of trees susceptible to the moth. (2) Over a few years, differential mortality caused a shift in stand structure from resistant dominated to equality (3 : 1 resistant : susceptible to 1 : 1). (3) Adult moth resistant trees suffered significantly greater water stress than adult moth susceptible trees, suggesting that variation among the two groups in drought tolerance may be a mechanism for differential mortality. (4) When grown under drought conditions in the greenhouse, seedlings from resistant mothers died sooner than seedlings from susceptible mothers. These data support the hypothesis that drought can act as an agent of balancing selection and that drought resistance is a heritable trait. Taken together, our findings suggest that genetic variation in a population can be an important factor in determining its response to future climate change, and argue for the inclusion of genetics into models developed to understand the consequences of climate change.</abstract><subject lang="en"><genre>Keywords</genre><topic>climate change</topic><topic>drought</topic><topic>genetic variation</topic><topic>herbivory</topic><topic>mortality</topic><topic>Pinus edulis</topic><topic>pinyon pine</topic><topic>resistance</topic><topic>seedling experiment</topic><topic>selection</topic></subject><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Global Change Biology</title></titleInfo><genre type="Journal">journal</genre><identifier type="ISSN">1354-1013</identifier><identifier type="eISSN">1365-2486</identifier><identifier type="DOI">10.1111/(ISSN)1365-2486</identifier><identifier type="PublisherID">GCB</identifier><part><date>2009</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>15</number></detail><detail type="issue"><caption>no.</caption><number>8</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>1949</start><end>1961</end><total>13</total></extent></part></relatedItem><identifier type="istex">B3E79859FEC1339D0917A9C9E1F42355832CCF5E</identifier><identifier type="DOI">10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.01901.x</identifier><identifier type="ArticleID">GCB1901</identifier><accessCondition type="use and reproduction" contentType="copyright">© 2009 Blackwell Publishing Ltd</accessCondition><recordInfo><recordContentSource>WILEY</recordContentSource><recordOrigin>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</recordOrigin></recordInfo></mods></metadata><serie></serie></istex></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
EXPLOR_STEP=$WICRI_ROOT/Wicri/Musique/explor/MonteverdiV1/Data/Istex/Corpus
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_STEP/biblio.hfd -nk 000318 | SxmlIndent | more
Ou
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Istex/Corpus/biblio.hfd -nk 000318 | SxmlIndent | more
Pour mettre un lien sur cette page dans le réseau Wicri
{{Explor lien
|wiki= Wicri/Musique
|area= MonteverdiV1
|flux= Istex
|étape= Corpus
|type= RBID
|clé= ISTEX:B3E79859FEC1339D0917A9C9E1F42355832CCF5E
|texte= Deadly combination of genes and drought: increased mortality of herbivore‐resistant trees in a foundation species
}}
| This area was generated with Dilib version V0.6.21. |  |