The Greek-Speaking Population of Southern Italy
Identifieur interne : 000722 ( Main/Corpus ); précédent : 000721; suivant : 000723The Greek-Speaking Population of Southern Italy
Auteurs : H. F. TozerSource :
- The Journal of Hellenic Studies [ 0075-4269 ] ; 1889-11.
Abstract
It will probably be a surprise, even to readers of the Journal of Hellenic Studies, to learn that there are at the present day twenty thousand persons in the south of Italy who speak Greek as their native tongue. These people form two separate groups, composed of a number of villages or townships, one of which is found in the heel of Italy or Terra d'Otranto, the other in the toe of that country, towards the extremity of the modern Calabria, in the neighbourhood of Cape Spartivento, and about twenty miles to the south-east of Reggio. The language which they speak, as might well be supposed, is not ancient Greek; nor is it in any sense a lineal descendant of that which was spoken in the colonies of Magna Graecia; but, though it is essentially modern Greek, it differs considerably from the Romaic of Greece, and these differences are of such a nature, that it must have required the lapse of many centuries to produce them. There can be no doubt that at one time it was spoken over a much wider area than at present; indeed, within the memory of man it has died out, and has been superseded by Italian, in places where it had previously been in use. Any traditions which may have existed with regard to the origin of this people and the fortunes of their ancestors they have now entirely lost; and their history, as far as it can be discovered at all, must be reconstructed from casual notices in historical documents and from intimations contained in the language.
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DOI: 10.2307/623584
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Tozer</name></author></analytic><monogr></monogr><series><title level="j">The Journal of Hellenic Studies</title><title level="j" type="abbrev">J. Hell. Stud.</title><idno type="ISSN">0075-4269</idno><idno type="eISSN">2041-4099</idno><imprint><publisher>Cambridge University Press</publisher><pubPlace>Cambridge, UK</pubPlace><date type="published" when="1889-11">1889-11</date><biblScope unit="volume">10</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="11">11</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="42">42</biblScope></imprint><idno type="ISSN">0075-4269</idno></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc><seriesStmt><idno type="ISSN">0075-4269</idno></seriesStmt></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass><langUsage><language ident="en">en</language></langUsage></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract">It will probably be a surprise, even to readers of the Journal of Hellenic Studies, to learn that there are at the present day twenty thousand persons in the south of Italy who speak Greek as their native tongue. These people form two separate groups, composed of a number of villages or townships, one of which is found in the heel of Italy or Terra d'Otranto, the other in the toe of that country, towards the extremity of the modern Calabria, in the neighbourhood of Cape Spartivento, and about twenty miles to the south-east of Reggio. The language which they speak, as might well be supposed, is not ancient Greek; nor is it in any sense a lineal descendant of that which was spoken in the colonies of Magna Graecia; but, though it is essentially modern Greek, it differs considerably from the Romaic of Greece, and these differences are of such a nature, that it must have required the lapse of many centuries to produce them. There can be no doubt that at one time it was spoken over a much wider area than at present; indeed, within the memory of man it has died out, and has been superseded by Italian, in places where it had previously been in use. Any traditions which may have existed with regard to the origin of this people and the fortunes of their ancestors they have now entirely lost; and their history, as far as it can be discovered at all, must be reconstructed from casual notices in historical documents and from intimations contained in the language.</div></front></TEI><istex><corpusName>cambridge</corpusName><author><json:item><name>H. F. Tozer</name></json:item></author><articleId><json:string>02718</json:string></articleId><arkIstex>ark:/67375/6GQ-CZNP8F2R-K</arkIstex><language><json:string>eng</json:string></language><originalGenre><json:string>research-article</json:string></originalGenre><abstract>It will probably be a surprise, even to readers of the Journal of Hellenic Studies, to learn that there are at the present day twenty thousand persons in the south of Italy who speak Greek as their native tongue. These people form two separate groups, composed of a number of villages or townships, one of which is found in the heel of Italy or Terra d'Otranto, the other in the toe of that country, towards the extremity of the modern Calabria, in the neighbourhood of Cape Spartivento, and about twenty miles to the south-east of Reggio. The language which they speak, as might well be supposed, is not ancient Greek; nor is it in any sense a lineal descendant of that which was spoken in the colonies of Magna Graecia; but, though it is essentially modern Greek, it differs considerably from the Romaic of Greece, and these differences are of such a nature, that it must have required the lapse of many centuries to produce them. There can be no doubt that at one time it was spoken over a much wider area than at present; indeed, within the memory of man it has died out, and has been superseded by Italian, in places where it had previously been in use. Any traditions which may have existed with regard to the origin of this people and the fortunes of their ancestors they have now entirely lost; and their history, as far as it can be discovered at all, must be reconstructed from casual notices in historical documents and from intimations contained in the language.</abstract><qualityIndicators><score>10</score><pdfWordCount>15163</pdfWordCount><pdfCharCount>77918</pdfCharCount><pdfVersion>1.4</pdfVersion><pdfPageCount>32</pdfPageCount><pdfPageSize>468 x 691.2 pts</pdfPageSize><refBibsNative>true</refBibsNative><abstractWordCount>264</abstractWordCount><abstractCharCount>1474</abstractCharCount><keywordCount>0</keywordCount></qualityIndicators><title>The Greek-Speaking Population of Southern Italy</title><pii><json:string>S007542690002718X</json:string></pii><genre><json:string>research-article</json:string></genre><host><title>The Journal of Hellenic Studies</title><language><json:string>unknown</json:string></language><issn><json:string>0075-4269</json:string></issn><eissn><json:string>2041-4099</json:string></eissn><publisherId><json:string>JHS</json:string></publisherId><volume>10</volume><pages><first>11</first><last>42</last><total>32</total></pages><genre><json:string>journal</json:string></genre></host><ark><json:string>ark:/67375/6GQ-CZNP8F2R-K</json:string></ark><categories><inist><json:string>1 - sciences humaines et sociales</json:string></inist></categories><publicationDate>1889</publicationDate><copyrightDate>1889</copyrightDate><doi><json:string>10.2307/623584</json:string></doi><id>CF26B36B8EF91AEB8CC58CFCA7DB4AADA3C741D2</id><score>1</score><fulltext><json:item><extension>pdf</extension><original>true</original><mimetype>application/pdf</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/CF26B36B8EF91AEB8CC58CFCA7DB4AADA3C741D2/fulltext/pdf</uri></json:item><json:item><extension>zip</extension><original>false</original><mimetype>application/zip</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/CF26B36B8EF91AEB8CC58CFCA7DB4AADA3C741D2/fulltext/zip</uri></json:item><json:item><extension>txt</extension><original>false</original><mimetype>text/plain</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/CF26B36B8EF91AEB8CC58CFCA7DB4AADA3C741D2/fulltext/txt</uri></json:item><istex:fulltextTEI uri="https://api.istex.fr/document/CF26B36B8EF91AEB8CC58CFCA7DB4AADA3C741D2/fulltext/tei"><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title level="a">The Greek-Speaking Population of Southern Italy</title></titleStmt><publicationStmt><authority>ISTEX</authority><publisher scheme="https://publisher-list.data.istex.fr">Cambridge University Press</publisher><pubPlace>Cambridge, UK</pubPlace><availability><licence><p>Copyright © The Society for the Promotion of Hellenic Studies 1889</p></licence><p scheme="https://loaded-corpus.data.istex.fr/ark:/67375/XBH-G3RCRD03-V">cambridge</p></availability><date>1889</date></publicationStmt><notesStmt><note type="research-article" scheme="https://content-type.data.istex.fr/ark:/67375/XTP-1JC4F85T-7">research-article</note><note type="journal" scheme="https://publication-type.data.istex.fr/ark:/67375/JMC-0GLKJH51-B">journal</note></notesStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct type="inbook"><analytic><title level="a">The Greek-Speaking Population of Southern Italy</title><author xml:id="author-0000"><persName><forename type="first">H. F.</forename><surname>Tozer</surname></persName></author><idno type="istex">CF26B36B8EF91AEB8CC58CFCA7DB4AADA3C741D2</idno><idno type="ark">ark:/67375/6GQ-CZNP8F2R-K</idno><idno type="DOI">10.2307/623584</idno><idno type="PII">S007542690002718X</idno><idno type="article-id">02718</idno></analytic><monogr><title level="j">The Journal of Hellenic Studies</title><title level="j" type="abbrev">J. Hell. Stud.</title><idno type="pISSN">0075-4269</idno><idno type="eISSN">2041-4099</idno><idno type="publisher-id">JHS</idno><imprint><publisher>Cambridge University Press</publisher><pubPlace>Cambridge, UK</pubPlace><date type="published" when="1889-11"></date><biblScope unit="volume">10</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="11">11</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="42">42</biblScope></imprint></monogr></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><creation><date>1889</date></creation><langUsage><language ident="en">en</language></langUsage><abstract style="text-abstract"><p>It will probably be a surprise, even to readers of the Journal of Hellenic Studies, to learn that there are at the present day twenty thousand persons in the south of Italy who speak Greek as their native tongue. These people form two separate groups, composed of a number of villages or townships, one of which is found in the heel of Italy or Terra d'Otranto, the other in the toe of that country, towards the extremity of the modern Calabria, in the neighbourhood of Cape Spartivento, and about twenty miles to the south-east of Reggio. The language which they speak, as might well be supposed, is not ancient Greek; nor is it in any sense a lineal descendant of that which was spoken in the colonies of Magna Graecia; but, though it is essentially modern Greek, it differs considerably from the Romaic of Greece, and these differences are of such a nature, that it must have required the lapse of many centuries to produce them. There can be no doubt that at one time it was spoken over a much wider area than at present; indeed, within the memory of man it has died out, and has been superseded by Italian, in places where it had previously been in use. Any traditions which may have existed with regard to the origin of this people and the fortunes of their ancestors they have now entirely lost; and their history, as far as it can be discovered at all, must be reconstructed from casual notices in historical documents and from intimations contained in the language.</p></abstract></profileDesc><revisionDesc><change when="1889-11">Published</change></revisionDesc></teiHeader></istex:fulltextTEI></fulltext><metadata><istex:metadataXml wicri:clean="corpus cambridge not found" wicri:toSee="no header"><istex:xmlDeclaration>version="1.0" encoding="US-ASCII"</istex:xmlDeclaration><istex:docType PUBLIC="-//NLM//DTD Journal Publishing DTD v2.2 20060430//EN" URI="journalpublishing.dtd" name="istex:docType"></istex:docType><istex:document><article dtd-version="2.2" article-type="research-article"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">JHS</journal-id><journal-title>The Journal of Hellenic Studies</journal-title><abbrev-journal-title>J. Hell. Stud.</abbrev-journal-title><issn pub-type="ppub">0075-4269</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2041-4099</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Cambridge University Press</publisher-name><publisher-loc>Cambridge, UK</publisher-loc></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.2307/623584</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pii">S007542690002718X</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">02718</article-id><title-group><article-title>The Greek-Speaking Population of Southern Italy</article-title><alt-title alt-title-type="left-running">THE GREEK-SPEAKING POPULATION</alt-title><alt-title alt-title-type="right-running">OF SOUTHERN ITALY</alt-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib><name><surname>Tozer</surname><given-names>H. F.</given-names></name></contrib></contrib-group><pub-date pub-type="ppub"><month>11</month><year>1889</year></pub-date><volume>10</volume><fpage seq="7">11</fpage><lpage>42</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright © The Society for the Promotion of Hellenic Studies 1889</copyright-statement><copyright-year>1889</copyright-year><copyright-holder>The Society for the Promotion of Hellenic Studies</copyright-holder></permissions><abstract abstract-type="text-abstract"><p>It will probably be a surprise, even to readers of the <italic>Journal of Hellenic Studies</italic>, to learn that there are at the present day twenty thousand persons in the south of Italy who speak Greek as their native tongue. These people form two separate groups, composed of a number of villages or townships, one of which is found in the heel of Italy or Terra d'Otranto, the other in the toe of that country, towards the extremity of the modern Calabria, in the neighbourhood of Cape Spartivento, and about twenty miles to the south-east of Reggio. The language which they speak, as might well be supposed, is not ancient Greek; nor is it in any sense a lineal descendant of that which was spoken in the colonies of Magna Graecia; but, though it is essentially modern Greek, it differs considerably from the Romaic of Greece, and these differences are of such a nature, that it must have required the lapse of many centuries to produce them. There can be no doubt that at one time it was spoken over a much wider area than at present; indeed, within the memory of man it has died out, and has been superseded by Italian, in places where it had previously been in use. Any traditions which may have existed with regard to the origin of this people and the fortunes of their ancestors they have now entirely lost; and their history, as far as it can be discovered at all, must be reconstructed from casual notices in historical documents and from intimations contained in the language.</p></abstract><counts><page-count count="32"></page-count></counts><custom-meta-wrap><custom-meta><meta-name>pdf</meta-name><meta-value>S007542690002718Xa.pdf</meta-value></custom-meta></custom-meta-wrap></article-meta></front><back><fn-group><fn id="fn01" symbol="page 14 note 1"><label><sup>page 14 note 1</sup></label><p><citation id="ref001" citation-type="journal"><name><surname>Niebuhr</surname></name>, <source>History of Rome</source> (Eng. trans.), <volume>i</volume>. <fpage>62</fpage>.</citation> In his note to this passage, the author refers to the Neapolitan minister, Count Zurlo, as his authority for the last statement.</p></fn><fn id="fn02" symbol="page 15 note 1"><label><sup>page 15 note 1</sup></label><p>The second volume of this work, which was to have contained the phonology, morphology, and general conclusions, has never appeared.</p></fn><fn id="fn03" symbol="page 20 note 1"><label><sup>page 20 note 1</sup></label><p><citation id="ref002" citation-type="book"><name><surname>Mullach</surname></name>, <source>Grammatik der griechischen Vulgarsprache</source>, p. <fpage>92</fpage>.</citation></p></fn><fn id="fn04" symbol="page 20 note 2"><label><sup>page 20 note 2</sup></label><p><citation id="ref003" citation-type="book"><name><surname>Schmidt</surname><given-names>Bernhard</given-names></name>, <source>Das Volksleben der Neugriechen</source>, p. <fpage>11</fpage>.</citation></p></fn><fn id="fn05" symbol="page 20 note 3"><label><sup>page 20 note 3</sup></label><p><italic>J. H. S.</italic> vol. iv. p. 206.</p></fn><fn id="fn06" symbol="page 20 note 4"><label><sup>page 20 note 4</sup></label><p>For a further account of the Romaic ballads I may refer to a chapter on that subject in my <italic>Highlands of Turkey</italic>, vol. ii. pp. 224 foll.</p></fn><fn id="fn07" symbol="page 21 note 1"><label><sup>page 21 note 1</sup></label><p><italic>Studi</italic>, pp. 93, 94.</p></fn><fn id="fn08" symbol="page 21 note 2"><label><sup>page 21 note 2</sup></label><p><italic>Chants Populaires de la Grèce</italic>, vol. i. p. cxxxvii.</p></fn><fn id="fn09" symbol="page 21 note 3"><label><sup>page 21 note 3</sup></label><p><italic>The Cyclades</italic>, pp. 217 foll.</p></fn><fn id="fn10" symbol="page 21 note 4"><label><sup>page 21 note 4</sup></label><p><citation id="ref004" citation-type="book"><name><surname>Morosi</surname></name>, <source>Studi</source>, p. <fpage>54</fpage>.</citation> No. 126. 1. 4. <inline-graphic mime-subtype="gif" xlink:href="S007542690002718X_inline1"></inline-graphic> <inline-graphic mime-subtype="gif" xlink:href="S007542690002718X_inline2"></inline-graphic></p></fn><fn id="fn11" symbol="page 23 note 1"><label><sup>page 23 note 1</sup></label><p>See my remarks on this subject in <italic>Highlands of Turkey</italic>, vol. ii. p. 323.</p></fn><fn id="fn12" symbol="page 24 note 1"><label><sup>page 24 note 1</sup></label><p><citation id="ref005" citation-type="book"><name><surname>Comparetti</surname></name>, <source>Saggi</source>, Nos. <fpage>21</fpage>, 18, 33.</citation></p></fn><fn id="fn13" symbol="page 36 note 1"><label><sup>page 36 note 1</sup></label><p>See <italic>J. H. S.</italic> vol. iv. p. 205.</p></fn><fn id="fn14" symbol="page 37 note 1"><label><sup>page 37 note 1</sup></label><p>On these, my <italic>Highlands of Turkey</italic>, vol. ii. pp. 304 foll., may be consulted.</p></fn><fn id="fn15" symbol="page 38 note 1"><label><sup>page 38 note 1</sup></label><p>The difference between <italic>οἱ</italic> and <italic>ᾑ, τές</italic> and <italic>ταίς</italic>, is one of orthography, for the pronunciation in each case is the same; there is no need here to discuss the question, which of the two is preferable, though it is important in determining the origin of these forms.</p></fn><fn id="fn16" symbol="page 38 note 2"><label><sup>page 38 note 2</sup></label><p>Strabo, vi. 1. § 2, p. 253.</p></fn><fn id="fn17" symbol="page 39 note 1"><label><sup>page 39 note 1</sup></label><p><citation id="ref006" citation-type="book"><name><surname>Zambelli</surname></name>, <source>Ἰταλοελληνικά</source>, pp. <fpage>23</fpage>, 202, and the authorities there given.</citation></p></fn><fn id="fn18" symbol="page 39 note 2"><label><sup>page 39 note 2</sup></label><p>See <citation id="ref007" citation-type="journal"><name><surname>Finlay</surname></name>, <source>History of Greece</source>, vol. <volume>ii</volume>. p. <fpage>255</fpage>.</citation></p></fn><fn id="fn19" symbol="page 39 note 3"><label><sup>page 39 note 3</sup></label><p>Zambelli, pp. 56, 57. In this connexion we may notice a remarkable group of words, which from having had a military application have come to be used of agriculture. In Otr. the term for ‘tilling’ the fields is <italic>πολεμῶ</italic>, and agricultural implements are called <italic>ἅρματα</italic>, which is the regular word for ‘arms’ in mediaeval and modern Greek. Again, in Bov. the word for an agricultural labourer is <italic>πεζός</italic> ‘a foot-soldier,’ and that for ‘a person’ is <italic>θέμα</italic>, which also is said to have been previously used for ‘a cultivator of the soil.’ The last word is used in Byzantine Greek first for ‘a division of soldiers,’ and then for the district in which they were stationed; whence it was technically used for the Themes of the Empire, and ultimately was equivalent to a geographical administrative division like the Theme of Langobardia just mentioned. It has been suggested by Morosi and Pellegrini that the use of these expressions takes us back to the time of Byzantine military occupation; and the hypothesis is a tempting one, for nothing corresponding to this change of meaning is found elsewhere among Greek-speaking peoples, so that it would seem to have been caused by circumstances peculiar to the Italian colonies. When, however, it is applied to the words severally, it is difficult to see how it can be made to explain the change.</p></fn><fn id="fn20" symbol="page 39 note 4"><label><sup>page 39 note 4</sup></label><p>See <italic>J. H. S.</italic> vol. iv. pp. 179—181.</p></fn><fn id="fn21" symbol="page 40 note 1"><label><sup>page 40 note 1</sup></label><p>Spon, <italic>Voyage d'Italie</italic> &c., Amst. 1679 vol. i. p. 122; <citation id="ref008" citation-type="book"><name><surname>Wheler</surname></name>, <source>Journey into Greece</source>, Lond. <year>1682</year>, p. <fpage>47</fpage>.</citation> Among the Bova songs there is one that turns on the subject of ‘the Greek girl’ (ἡ Ῥωμαιοποῦλα) who refuses the suit of a Turkish lover, notwithstanding her mother's solicitations (Comparetti Nos. 36, 37; Pellegrini, No. 62). This poem differs completely in metre and mode of treatment from all the rest that are found in Italy, and corresponds to two on the same subject which are sung in Greece, Nos. 574 and 574a in Passow's <italic>Carmina popularia Graeciae recentioris</italic>; there can be no doubt therefore that it has been imported from abroad. <citation id="ref009" citation-type="book"><name><surname>Morosi</surname></name> (‘<source>Bova</source>,’ p. <fpage>74</fpage>)</citation>, mentions a story which was current at Bova, to the effect that it had been introduced early in the present century by a native of that place who had lived abroad. If this was not the case, it is probable that it dates from the time of the migration of the Mainotes.</p></fn><fn id="fn22" symbol="page 40 note 2"><label><sup>page 40 note 2</sup></label><p><citation id="ref010" citation-type="journal"><name><surname>Rodotà</surname></name>, <source>Dell' origine del rito greco</source>, vol. <volume>iii</volume>. p. <fpage>96</fpage>.</citation></p></fn><fn id="fn23" symbol="page 40 note 3"><label><sup>page 40 note 3</sup></label><p><citation id="ref011" citation-type="journal"><name><surname>Aar</surname></name>, in <source>Archivio storico italiano</source>, 4th ser. vol. <volume>vi</volume>. p. <fpage>316</fpage>.</citation></p></fn><fn id="fn24" symbol="page 40 note 4"><label><sup>page 40 note 4</sup></label><p>Zambelli, p. 168. It is also noticeable, as illustrating the numerous points of correspondence which exist between modern and early mediaeval Greek, how many words and peculiarities of form which are familiar at the present day are found in these early documents. Thus ‘water’ is <italic>νερόν</italic>, the ‘nose’ <italic>μύτη</italic>, ‘a dog’ <italic>σκύλλος</italic>, ‘oil’ <italic>λάδι</italic>, ‘a goat’ <italic>γίδα</italic>, ‘the summer’ <italic>καλοκαίριν</italic>, ‘a forest’ <italic>λόγγος</italic> ‘silver’ <italic>ἀσήμι</italic>, ‘an ass’ <italic>γαΐδαρος</italic>: ‘white’ <italic>ἄσπρος</italic>, ‘black’ <italic>μαῦρος</italic>, ‘short’ <italic>κοντός</italic>, ‘lame’ <italic>κουτζός</italic>: and (to illustrate peculiarities of form) for <italic>ἀέρα</italic>, ‘wind’ we find <italic>ἀγέρας</italic>, for <italic>αἷμα γαῖμα</italic>, for <italic>κεκαυμένος καμμένος</italic>, for <italic>ἔφερον ἐφέρασιν</italic>, for <italic>ἔκαμον ἐκάμασιν</italic>. (Zambelli, pp. 154, 171, 184, 185). It may be added, that in the Greek of the Bova district at the present day there are words in use which exist in Greek MSS. of Calabria earlier than Cent. xiii., but do not belong to the language as spoken in Greece—<italic>βαθεῖα</italic> ‘valley,’ <italic>ἀρτυσία</italic> ‘seasoning,’ <italic>κεφάλωμα</italic> ‘extremity,’ <italic>στεννάτο</italic> (for <italic>στεγνάτον</italic>) ‘boiler,’ and others. (<citation id="ref012" citation-type="book"><name><surname>Morosi</surname></name>, ‘<source>Bova</source>,’ p. <fpage>75</fpage>.</citation>)</p></fn><fn id="fn25" symbol="page 41 note 1"><label><sup>page 41 note 1</sup></label><p>Zambelli, pp. 54, 55; cp. <citation id="ref013" citation-type="book"><name><surname>Morosi</surname></name>, <source>Studi</source>, <fpage>206</fpage>.</citation></p></fn><fn id="fn26" symbol="page 41 note 2"><label><sup>page 41 note 2</sup></label><p>Zambelli, p. 68; cp. <citation id="ref014" citation-type="book"><name><surname>Morosi</surname></name>, <source>Studi</source>, p. <fpage>206</fpage>.</citation></p></fn><fn id="fn27" symbol="page 41 note 3"><label><sup>page 41 note 3</sup></label><p>Proofs of the existence of a much more numerous Greek population are given in vol. vi. pp. 101, 102, and notes. For evidence on the same subject derived from the continuance of the Greek rite in Italy the reader is referred to an article in the <italic>Antiquary</italic> for 1888, pp. 195—197.</p></fn><fn id="fn28" symbol="page 41 note 4"><label><sup>page 41 note 4</sup></label><p>See the authorities in <citation id="ref015" citation-type="book"><name><surname>Morosi</surname></name>, <source>Studi</source>, pp. <fpage>181</fpage>, 207, and Pellegrini, pp. ix—xi.</citation></p></fn><fn id="fn29" symbol="page 42 note 1"><label><sup>page 42 note 1</sup></label><p><citation id="ref016" citation-type="book"><name><surname>Morosi</surname></name>, ‘<source>Bova</source>,’ p. <fpage>76</fpage>.</citation></p></fn><fn id="fn30" symbol="page 42 note 2"><label><sup>page 42 note 2</sup></label><p><citation id="ref017" citation-type="journal"><name><surname>Barrius</surname></name>, p. 228, quoted by Pott in <source>Philologus</source>, vol. <volume>xi</volume>. p. <fpage>247</fpage>.</citation></p></fn></fn-group></back></article></istex:document></istex:metadataXml><mods version="3.6"><titleInfo><title>The Greek-Speaking Population of Southern Italy</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="alternative"><title>THE GREEK-SPEAKING POPULATION</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="alternative" contentType="CDATA"><title>The Greek-Speaking Population of Southern Italy</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">H. F.</namePart><namePart type="family">Tozer</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><typeOfResource>text</typeOfResource><genre type="research-article" displayLabel="research-article" authority="ISTEX" authorityURI="https://content-type.data.istex.fr" valueURI="https://content-type.data.istex.fr/ark:/67375/XTP-1JC4F85T-7">research-article</genre><originInfo><publisher>Cambridge University Press</publisher><place><placeTerm type="text">Cambridge, UK</placeTerm></place><dateIssued encoding="w3cdtf">1889-11</dateIssued><copyrightDate encoding="w3cdtf">1889</copyrightDate></originInfo><language><languageTerm type="code" authority="iso639-2b">eng</languageTerm><languageTerm type="code" authority="rfc3066">en</languageTerm></language><abstract type="text-abstract">It will probably be a surprise, even to readers of the Journal of Hellenic Studies, to learn that there are at the present day twenty thousand persons in the south of Italy who speak Greek as their native tongue. These people form two separate groups, composed of a number of villages or townships, one of which is found in the heel of Italy or Terra d'Otranto, the other in the toe of that country, towards the extremity of the modern Calabria, in the neighbourhood of Cape Spartivento, and about twenty miles to the south-east of Reggio. The language which they speak, as might well be supposed, is not ancient Greek; nor is it in any sense a lineal descendant of that which was spoken in the colonies of Magna Graecia; but, though it is essentially modern Greek, it differs considerably from the Romaic of Greece, and these differences are of such a nature, that it must have required the lapse of many centuries to produce them. There can be no doubt that at one time it was spoken over a much wider area than at present; indeed, within the memory of man it has died out, and has been superseded by Italian, in places where it had previously been in use. Any traditions which may have existed with regard to the origin of this people and the fortunes of their ancestors they have now entirely lost; and their history, as far as it can be discovered at all, must be reconstructed from casual notices in historical documents and from intimations contained in the language.</abstract><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>The Journal of Hellenic Studies</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="abbreviated"><title>J. Hell. Stud.</title></titleInfo><genre type="journal" authority="ISTEX" authorityURI="https://publication-type.data.istex.fr" valueURI="https://publication-type.data.istex.fr/ark:/67375/JMC-0GLKJH51-B">journal</genre><identifier type="ISSN">0075-4269</identifier><identifier type="eISSN">2041-4099</identifier><identifier type="PublisherID">JHS</identifier><part><date>1889</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>10</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>11</start><end>42</end><total>32</total></extent></part></relatedItem><identifier type="istex">CF26B36B8EF91AEB8CC58CFCA7DB4AADA3C741D2</identifier><identifier type="ark">ark:/67375/6GQ-CZNP8F2R-K</identifier><identifier type="DOI">10.2307/623584</identifier><identifier type="PII">S007542690002718X</identifier><identifier type="ArticleID">02718</identifier><accessCondition type="use and reproduction" contentType="copyright">Copyright © The Society for the Promotion of Hellenic Studies 1889</accessCondition><recordInfo><recordContentSource authority="ISTEX" authorityURI="https://loaded-corpus.data.istex.fr" valueURI="https://loaded-corpus.data.istex.fr/ark:/67375/XBH-G3RCRD03-V">cambridge</recordContentSource><recordOrigin>Copyright © The Society for the Promotion of Hellenic Studies 1889</recordOrigin></recordInfo></mods><json:item><extension>json</extension><original>false</original><mimetype>application/json</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/CF26B36B8EF91AEB8CC58CFCA7DB4AADA3C741D2/metadata/json</uri></json:item></metadata><annexes><json:item><extension>gif</extension><original>true</original><mimetype>image/gif</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/CF26B36B8EF91AEB8CC58CFCA7DB4AADA3C741D2/annexes/gif</uri></json:item></annexes><serie></serie></istex></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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