The Paris Sewers and the Rationalization of Urban Space
Identifieur interne : 002179 ( Istex/Corpus ); précédent : 002178; suivant : 002180The Paris Sewers and the Rationalization of Urban Space
Auteurs : Matthew GandySource :
- Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers [ 0020-2754 ] ; 1999-04.
English descriptors
- Teeft :
- Aesthetic representation, Baron, Baron georges haussmann, Baron haussmann, Bather, Belgrand, Bodily functions, Bourgeois society, Caisse nationale, California press, Capitalist urbanization, Cesspit, Chief engineer eugene belgrand, Cholera, City authorities, Civil engineers, Contradictory, Corbin, Dangerous classes, Dunod, Early decades, Eaux, Economic exchange, Egouts, Electric light, Empirical sciences, Engineering science, Environmental decline, European city, Excrement, Faeces, Felix feneon, Felix nadar, Focal point, Fosse, Friedman plumbing, Gandy, Grande jatte, Group bathing, Hambourg, Harvard university press, Harvey consciousness, Haussmann, Haussmann memoire, Historical context, Human body, Human excrement, Human faeces, Human waste, Individual homes, Infrastructure, Integral element, Latest advances, Leurs eaux, Material reality, Matthew gandy, Matthew gandy figure, Medecine legale, Medical sciences, Memoire, Middle classes, Modern cities, Modern city, Modern life, Modern metropolis, Modernity, Modernization programme, Monuments historiques, Nadar, Nineteenth century, Olfactory revolution, Organic continuities, Organic cycle, Organic economy, Paris, Paris moderne, Paris sewers, Paris souterrain, Pinkney, Pinkney napoleon, Political turmoil, Polity press, Portrait photography, Private dwellings, Private space, Public health, Public interests, Public nudity, Public works, Publique, Ratcliffe cities, Rationalization, Reid paris sewers, Sanitation arrangements, Second empire, Second empire paris, Seine, Seurat, Sewer, Sewer construction, Sewer system, Sewer water, Similar theme, Spatial disorientation, Spatial order, Storm water, Subterranean, Subterranean city, Subterranean paris, Technological sophistication, Thomson seurat, Transport links, Travaux souterrains, Uncanny, Underground city, Underground photographs, University college london, Urban design, Urban disorder, Urban environment, Urban experience, Urban form, Urban infrastructure, Urban infrastructures, Urban life, Urban order, Urban society, Urban space, Urban transformation, Urban water, Victor hugo, Vidange, Vidanges, Vidanges dunod, Vieux paris, Ville, Waste water, Water closets, Water quality, Water usage.
Abstract
Sewers are perhaps the most enigmatic of urban infrastructures. Most citizens of modern cities are aware of their existence, yet few could accurately describe their layout or appearance. This paper takes as its starting point a key moment in the cultural representation of urban space: the photographs of the Paris sewers taken by Félix Nadar in the early 1860s. These images capture a dramatic transformation in subterranean Paris, initiated in the early 1850s by Baron Georges Haussmann and his chief engineer Eugène Belgrand as part of the comprehensive reconstruction of the city's infrastructure during the Second Empire of Napoléon III. This paper argues, however, that with respect to the underground city, we cannot consider the Haussmann era to be the unproblematic epitome of modernity. The reconstruction of subterranean Paris revealed a series of tensions that were only to be resolved in the post‐Haussmann era in response to the combined influence of growing water usage, the persistent threat of disease and changing conceptions of public health policy. It is concluded that the flow of water in Second Empire Paris is best conceived as a transitional phase in the radical reworking of relations between the body and urban form engendered by the process of capitalist urbanization.
Url:
DOI: 10.1111/j.0020-2754.1999.00023.x
Links to Exploration step
ISTEX:9AD3C1B94CDBB49A220287E8E92741D8D62F9CD3Le document en format XML
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The reconstruction of subterranean Paris revealed a series of tensions that were only to be resolved in the post‐Haussmann era in response to the combined influence of growing water usage, the persistent threat of disease and changing conceptions of public health policy. 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Most citizens of modern cities are aware of their existence, yet few could accurately describe their layout or appearance. This paper takes as its starting point a key moment in the cultural representation of urban space: the photographs of the Paris sewers taken by Félix Nadar in the early 1860s. These images capture a dramatic transformation in subterranean Paris, initiated in the early 1850s by Baron Georges Haussmann and his chief engineer Eugène Belgrand as part of the comprehensive reconstruction of the city's infrastructure during the Second Empire of Napoléon III. This paper argues, however, that with respect to the underground city, we cannot consider the Haussmann era to be the unproblematic epitome of modernity. The reconstruction of subterranean Paris revealed a series of tensions that were only to be resolved in the post‐Haussmann era in response to the combined influence of growing water usage, the persistent threat of disease and changing conceptions of public health policy. It is concluded that the flow of water in Second Empire Paris is best conceived as a transitional phase in the radical reworking of relations between the body and urban form engendered by the process of capitalist urbanization.</p></abstract><textClass><keywords xml:lang="en"><term xml:id="k1">sewers</term><term xml:id="k2">water</term><term xml:id="k3">modernity</term><term xml:id="k4">urban planning</term><term xml:id="k5">nineteenth‐century Paris</term><term xml:id="k6">Félix Nadar</term><term xml:id="k7">Baron Georges Haussmann</term></keywords></textClass><langUsage><language ident="en"></language></langUsage></profileDesc><revisionDesc><change xml:id="refBibs-istex" who="#ISTEX-API" when="2018-06-13">References added</change></revisionDesc></teiHeader></istex:fulltextTEI><json:item><extension>txt</extension><original>false</original><mimetype>text/plain</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/9AD3C1B94CDBB49A220287E8E92741D8D62F9CD3/fulltext/txt</uri></json:item></fulltext><metadata><istex:metadataXml wicri:clean="Wiley component found"><istex:xmlDeclaration>version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="yes"</istex:xmlDeclaration><istex:document><component version="2.0" type="serialArticle" xml:lang="en"><header><publicationMeta level="product"><publisherInfo><publisherName>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisherName><publisherLoc>Oxford, UK</publisherLoc></publisherInfo><doi origin="wiley" registered="yes">10.1111/(ISSN)1475-5661</doi><issn type="print">0020-2754</issn><issn type="electronic">1475-5661</issn><idGroup><id type="product" value="TRAN"></id><id type="publisherDivision" value="ST"></id></idGroup><titleGroup><title type="main" sort="TRANSACTIONS OF THE INSTITUTE BRITISH GEOGRAPHERS">Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers</title></titleGroup></publicationMeta><publicationMeta level="part" position="04001"><doi origin="wiley">10.1111/tran.1999.24.issue-1</doi><numberingGroup><numbering type="journalVolume" number="24">24</numbering><numbering type="journalIssue" number="1">1</numbering></numberingGroup><coverDate startDate="1999-04">April 1999</coverDate></publicationMeta><publicationMeta level="unit" type="article" position="0002300" status="forIssue"><doi origin="wiley">10.1111/j.0020-2754.1999.00023.x</doi><idGroup><id type="unit" value="TRAN23"></id></idGroup><countGroup><count type="pageTotal" number="22"></count></countGroup><eventGroup><event type="firstOnline" date="2004-03-31"></event><event type="publishedOnlineFinalForm" date="2004-03-31"></event><event type="xmlConverted" agent="Converter:BPG_TO_WML3G version:2.3.5 mode:FullText source:Header result:Header" date="2010-04-06"></event><event type="xmlConverted" agent="Converter:WILEY_ML3G_TO_WILEY_ML3GV2 version:3.8.8" date="2014-02-10"></event><event type="xmlConverted" agent="Converter:WML3G_To_WML3G version:4.1.7 mode:FullText,remove_FC" date="2014-11-04"></event></eventGroup><numberingGroup><numbering type="pageFirst" number="23">23</numbering><numbering type="pageLast" number="44">44</numbering></numberingGroup><linkGroup><link type="toTypesetVersion" href="file:TRAN.TRAN23.pdf"></link></linkGroup></publicationMeta><contentMeta><unparsedEditorialHistory>revised manuscript received 21 July 1998</unparsedEditorialHistory><countGroup><count type="referenceTotal" number="0"></count><count type="linksCrossRef" number="1"></count></countGroup><titleGroup><title type="main">The Paris Sewers and the Rationalization of Urban Space</title></titleGroup><creators><creator creatorRole="author" xml:id="cr1" affiliationRef="#a1"><personName><givenNames>Matthew</givenNames><familyName>Gandy</familyName></personName></creator></creators><affiliationGroup><affiliation xml:id="a1"><unparsedAffiliation>
Department of Geography, University College London, 26 Bedford Way, London WC1H 0AP email: <email>m.gandy@ucl.ac.uk</email></unparsedAffiliation></affiliation></affiliationGroup><keywordGroup xml:lang="en"><keyword xml:id="k1">sewers</keyword><keyword xml:id="k2">water</keyword><keyword xml:id="k3">modernity</keyword><keyword xml:id="k4">urban planning</keyword><keyword xml:id="k5">nineteenth‐century Paris</keyword><keyword xml:id="k6">Félix Nadar</keyword><keyword xml:id="k7">Baron Georges Haussmann</keyword></keywordGroup><abstractGroup><abstract type="main" xml:lang="en"><p>Sewers are perhaps the most enigmatic of urban infrastructures. Most citizens of modern cities are aware of their existence, yet few could accurately describe their layout or appearance. This paper takes as its starting point a key moment in the cultural representation of urban space: the photographs of the Paris sewers taken by Félix Nadar in the early 1860s. These images capture a dramatic transformation in subterranean Paris, initiated in the early 1850s by Baron Georges Haussmann and his chief engineer Eugène Belgrand as part of the comprehensive reconstruction of the city's infrastructure during the Second Empire of Napoléon III. This paper argues, however, that with respect to the underground city, we cannot consider the Haussmann era to be the unproblematic epitome of modernity. The reconstruction of subterranean Paris revealed a series of tensions that were only to be resolved in the post‐Haussmann era in response to the combined influence of growing water usage, the persistent threat of disease and changing conceptions of public health policy. It is concluded that the flow of water in Second Empire Paris is best conceived as a transitional phase in the radical reworking of relations between the body and urban form engendered by the process of capitalist urbanization.</p></abstract></abstractGroup></contentMeta></header></component></istex:document></istex:metadataXml><mods version="3.6"><titleInfo lang="en"><title>The Paris Sewers and the Rationalization of Urban Space</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="alternative" contentType="CDATA" lang="en"><title>The Paris Sewers and the Rationalization of Urban Space</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Matthew</namePart><namePart type="family">Gandy</namePart><affiliation>Department of Geography, University College London, 26 Bedford Way, London WC1H 0AP email: m.gandy@ucl.ac.uk</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><typeOfResource>text</typeOfResource><genre type="article" displayLabel="article" authority="ISTEX" authorityURI="https://content-type.data.istex.fr" valueURI="https://content-type.data.istex.fr/ark:/67375/XTP-6N5SZHKN-D">article</genre><originInfo><publisher>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher><place><placeTerm type="text">Oxford, UK</placeTerm></place><dateIssued encoding="w3cdtf">1999-04</dateIssued><edition>revised manuscript received 21 July 1998</edition><copyrightDate encoding="w3cdtf">1999</copyrightDate></originInfo><language><languageTerm type="code" authority="rfc3066">en</languageTerm><languageTerm type="code" authority="iso639-2b">eng</languageTerm></language><physicalDescription><extent unit="references">0</extent><extent unit="linksCrossRef">1</extent></physicalDescription><abstract lang="en">Sewers are perhaps the most enigmatic of urban infrastructures. Most citizens of modern cities are aware of their existence, yet few could accurately describe their layout or appearance. This paper takes as its starting point a key moment in the cultural representation of urban space: the photographs of the Paris sewers taken by Félix Nadar in the early 1860s. These images capture a dramatic transformation in subterranean Paris, initiated in the early 1850s by Baron Georges Haussmann and his chief engineer Eugène Belgrand as part of the comprehensive reconstruction of the city's infrastructure during the Second Empire of Napoléon III. This paper argues, however, that with respect to the underground city, we cannot consider the Haussmann era to be the unproblematic epitome of modernity. The reconstruction of subterranean Paris revealed a series of tensions that were only to be resolved in the post‐Haussmann era in response to the combined influence of growing water usage, the persistent threat of disease and changing conceptions of public health policy. It is concluded that the flow of water in Second Empire Paris is best conceived as a transitional phase in the radical reworking of relations between the body and urban form engendered by the process of capitalist urbanization.</abstract><subject lang="en"><genre>keywords</genre><topic>sewers</topic><topic>water</topic><topic>modernity</topic><topic>urban planning</topic><topic>nineteenth‐century Paris</topic><topic>Félix Nadar</topic><topic>Baron Georges Haussmann</topic></subject><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers</title></titleInfo><genre type="journal" authority="ISTEX" authorityURI="https://publication-type.data.istex.fr" valueURI="https://publication-type.data.istex.fr/ark:/67375/JMC-0GLKJH51-B">journal</genre><identifier type="ISSN">0020-2754</identifier><identifier type="eISSN">1475-5661</identifier><identifier type="DOI">10.1111/(ISSN)1475-5661</identifier><identifier type="PublisherID">TRAN</identifier><part><date>1999</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>24</number></detail><detail type="issue"><caption>no.</caption><number>1</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>23</start><end>44</end><total>22</total></extent></part></relatedItem><identifier type="istex">9AD3C1B94CDBB49A220287E8E92741D8D62F9CD3</identifier><identifier type="ark">ark:/67375/WNG-4VP414N1-J</identifier><identifier type="DOI">10.1111/j.0020-2754.1999.00023.x</identifier><identifier type="ArticleID">TRAN23</identifier><recordInfo><recordContentSource authority="ISTEX" authorityURI="https://loaded-corpus.data.istex.fr" valueURI="https://loaded-corpus.data.istex.fr/ark:/67375/XBH-L0C46X92-X">wiley</recordContentSource><recordOrigin>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</recordOrigin></recordInfo></mods><json:item><extension>json</extension><original>false</original><mimetype>application/json</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/9AD3C1B94CDBB49A220287E8E92741D8D62F9CD3/metadata/json</uri></json:item></metadata><serie></serie></istex></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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