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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Does vigorous exercise have a neuroprotective effect in Parkinson disease?</title>
<author><name sortKey="Ahlskog, J Eric" sort="Ahlskog, J Eric" uniqKey="Ahlskog J" first="J. Eric" last="Ahlskog">J. Eric Ahlskog</name>
</author>
</titleStmt>
<publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno>
<idno type="pmid">21768599</idno>
<idno type="pmc">3136051</idno>
<idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3136051</idno>
<idno type="RBID">PMC:3136051</idno>
<idno type="doi">10.1212/WNL.0b013e318225ab66</idno>
<date when="2011">2011</date>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">000323</idno>
<idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">000323</idno>
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<sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Does vigorous exercise have a neuroprotective effect in Parkinson disease?</title>
<author><name sortKey="Ahlskog, J Eric" sort="Ahlskog, J Eric" uniqKey="Ahlskog J" first="J. Eric" last="Ahlskog">J. Eric Ahlskog</name>
</author>
</analytic>
<series><title level="j">Neurology</title>
<idno type="ISSN">0028-3878</idno>
<idno type="eISSN">1526-632X</idno>
<imprint><date when="2011">2011</date>
</imprint>
</series>
</biblStruct>
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<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>Parkinson disease (PD) is progressive, with dementia and medication-refractory motor problems common reasons for late-stage nursing-home placement. Increasing evidence suggests that ongoing vigorous exercise/physical fitness may favorably influence this progression. Parkinsonian animal models reveal exercise-related protection from dopaminergic neurotoxins, apparently mediated by brain neurotrophic factors and neuroplasticity (predicted from in vitro studies). Similarly, exercise consistently improves cognition in animals, also linked to enhanced neuroplasticity and increased neurotrophic factor expression. In these animal models, immobilization has the opposite effect. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) may mediate at least some of this exercise benefit. In humans, exercise increases serum BDNF, and this is known to cross the blood–brain barrier. PD risk in humans is significantly reduced by midlife exercise, documented in large prospective studies. No studies have addressed whether exercise influences dementia risk in PD, but exercised patients with PD improve cognitive scores. Among seniors in general, exercise or physical fitness has not only been associated with better cognitive scores, but midlife exercise significantly reduces the later risk of both dementia and mild cognitive impairment. Finally, numerous studies in seniors with and without dementia have reported increased cerebral gray matter volumes associated with physical fitness or exercise. These findings have several implications for PD clinicians. 1) Ongoing vigorous exercise and physical fitness should be highly encouraged. 2) PD physical therapy programs should include structured, graduated fitness instruction and guidance for deconditioned patients with PD. 3) Levodopa and other forms of dopamine replenishment therapy should be utilized to achieve the maximum capability and motivation for patients to maintain fitness.</p>
</div>
</front>
</TEI>
<pmc article-type="review-article"><pmc-comment>The publisher of this article does not allow downloading of the full text in XML form.</pmc-comment>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Neurology</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="hwp">neurology</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">neur</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="pmc">neurology</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">WNL</journal-id>
<journal-title-group><journal-title>Neurology</journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="ppub">0028-3878</issn>
<issn pub-type="epub">1526-632X</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>Lippincott Williams & Wilkins</publisher-name>
<publisher-loc>Hagerstown, MD</publisher-loc>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">21768599</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="pmc">3136051</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">WNL202768</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1212/WNL.0b013e318225ab66</article-id>
<article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="hwp-journal-coll"><subject>165</subject>
</subj-group>
<subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Views and Reviews</subject>
</subj-group>
</article-categories>
<title-group><article-title>Does vigorous exercise have a neuroprotective effect in Parkinson disease?</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name><surname>Ahlskog</surname>
<given-names>J. Eric</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>PhD, MD</degrees>
</contrib>
<aff>From the Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.</aff>
</contrib-group>
<author-notes><corresp>Address correspondence and reprint requests to Dr. J. Eric Ahlskog, <addr-line>Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905</addr-line>
<email>eahlskog@mayo.edu</email>
</corresp>
</author-notes>
<pub-date pub-type="ppub"><day>19</day>
<month>7</month>
<year>2011</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="pmc-release"><day>19</day>
<month>7</month>
<year>2012</year>
</pub-date>
<pmc-comment> PMC Release delay is 12 months and 0 days and was based on the
. </pmc-comment>
<volume>77</volume>
<issue>3</issue>
<fpage>288</fpage>
<lpage>294</lpage>
<history><date date-type="received"><day>19</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2010</year>
</date>
<date date-type="accepted"><day>10</day>
<month>3</month>
<year>2011</year>
</date>
</history>
<permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright © 2011 by AAN Enterprises, Inc.</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2011</copyright-year>
<copyright-holder>AAN Enterprises, Inc.</copyright-holder>
</permissions>
<self-uri xlink:title="pdf" xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="znl02711000288.pdf"></self-uri>
<abstract><p>Parkinson disease (PD) is progressive, with dementia and medication-refractory motor problems common reasons for late-stage nursing-home placement. Increasing evidence suggests that ongoing vigorous exercise/physical fitness may favorably influence this progression. Parkinsonian animal models reveal exercise-related protection from dopaminergic neurotoxins, apparently mediated by brain neurotrophic factors and neuroplasticity (predicted from in vitro studies). Similarly, exercise consistently improves cognition in animals, also linked to enhanced neuroplasticity and increased neurotrophic factor expression. In these animal models, immobilization has the opposite effect. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) may mediate at least some of this exercise benefit. In humans, exercise increases serum BDNF, and this is known to cross the blood–brain barrier. PD risk in humans is significantly reduced by midlife exercise, documented in large prospective studies. No studies have addressed whether exercise influences dementia risk in PD, but exercised patients with PD improve cognitive scores. Among seniors in general, exercise or physical fitness has not only been associated with better cognitive scores, but midlife exercise significantly reduces the later risk of both dementia and mild cognitive impairment. Finally, numerous studies in seniors with and without dementia have reported increased cerebral gray matter volumes associated with physical fitness or exercise. These findings have several implications for PD clinicians. 1) Ongoing vigorous exercise and physical fitness should be highly encouraged. 2) PD physical therapy programs should include structured, graduated fitness instruction and guidance for deconditioned patients with PD. 3) Levodopa and other forms of dopamine replenishment therapy should be utilized to achieve the maximum capability and motivation for patients to maintain fitness.</p>
</abstract>
<custom-meta-group><custom-meta><meta-name>special-property</meta-name>
<meta-value>podcast</meta-value>
</custom-meta>
</custom-meta-group>
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</front>
</pmc>
</record>
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