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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Herbal Extracts and Phytochemicals: Plant Secondary Metabolites and the Enhancement of Human Brain Function<xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn1"><sup>1</sup></xref></title><author><name sortKey="Kennedy, David O" sort="Kennedy, David O" uniqKey="Kennedy D" first="David O." last="Kennedy">David O. Kennedy</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wightman, Emma L" sort="Wightman, Emma L" uniqKey="Wightman E" first="Emma L." last="Wightman">Emma L. Wightman</name></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">22211188</idno><idno type="pmc">3042794</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3042794</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:3042794</idno><idno type="doi">10.3945/an.110.000117</idno><date when="2011">2011</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">000315</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">000315</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Herbal Extracts and Phytochemicals: Plant Secondary Metabolites and the Enhancement of Human Brain Function<xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn1"><sup>1</sup></xref></title><author><name sortKey="Kennedy, David O" sort="Kennedy, David O" uniqKey="Kennedy D" first="David O." last="Kennedy">David O. Kennedy</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wightman, Emma L" sort="Wightman, Emma L" uniqKey="Wightman E" first="Emma L." last="Wightman">Emma L. Wightman</name></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Advances in Nutrition</title><idno type="ISSN">2161-8313</idno><idno type="eISSN">2156-5376</idno><imprint><date when="2011">2011</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>Humans consume a wide range of foods, drugs, and dietary supplements that are derived from plants and which modify the functioning of the central nervous sytem (CNS). The psychoactive properties of these substances are attributable to the presence of plant secondary metabolites, chemicals that are not required for the immediate survival of the plant but which are synthesized to increase the fitness of the plant to survive by allowing it to interact with its environment, including pathogens and herbivorous and symbiotic insects. In many cases, the effects of these phytochemicals on the human CNS might be linked either to their ecological roles in the life of the plant or to molecular and biochemical similarities in the biology of plants and higher animals. This review assesses the current evidence for the efficacy of a range of readily available plant-based extracts and chemicals that may improve brain function and which have attracted sufficient research in this regard to reach a conclusion as to their potential effectiveness as nootropics. Many of these candidate phytochemicals/extracts can be grouped by the chemical nature of their potentially active secondary metabolite constituents into alkaloids (caffeine, nicotine), terpenes (ginkgo, ginseng, valerian, <italic>Melissa officinalis</italic>, sage), and phenolic compounds (curcumin, resveratrol, epigallocatechin-3-gallate, <italic>Hypericum perforatum</italic>, soy isoflavones). They are discussed in terms of how an increased understanding of the relationship between their ecological roles and CNS effects might further the field of natural, phytochemical drug discovery.</p></div></front></TEI><pmc article-type="review-article"><pmc-comment>The publisher of this article does not allow downloading of the full text in XML form.</pmc-comment>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Adv Nutr</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">advances in nutrition</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="hwp">advannut</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>Advances in Nutrition</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2161-8313</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2156-5376</issn><publisher><publisher-name>American Society for Nutrition</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">22211188</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">3042794</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">000117</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.3945/an.110.000117</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="hwp-journal-coll"><subject>2000</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Reviews</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Herbal Extracts and Phytochemicals: Plant Secondary Metabolites and the Enhancement of Human Brain Function<xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn1"><sup>1</sup></xref></article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Kennedy</surname><given-names>David O.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="corresp" rid="cor1"><sup>*</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Wightman</surname><given-names>Emma L.</given-names></name></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="aff1">Brain, Performance and Nutrition Research Centre, School of Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle, NE1 8ST UK</aff><author-notes><corresp id="cor1"><label>*</label>To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: <email>david.kennedy@northumbria.ac.uk</email>.</corresp></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>10</day><month>1</month><year>2011</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="collection"><month>1</month><year>2011</year></pub-date><volume>2</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>32</fpage><lpage>50</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>© 2011 American Society for Nutrition</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2011</copyright-year></permissions><abstract><p>Humans consume a wide range of foods, drugs, and dietary supplements that are derived from plants and which modify the functioning of the central nervous sytem (CNS). The psychoactive properties of these substances are attributable to the presence of plant secondary metabolites, chemicals that are not required for the immediate survival of the plant but which are synthesized to increase the fitness of the plant to survive by allowing it to interact with its environment, including pathogens and herbivorous and symbiotic insects. In many cases, the effects of these phytochemicals on the human CNS might be linked either to their ecological roles in the life of the plant or to molecular and biochemical similarities in the biology of plants and higher animals. This review assesses the current evidence for the efficacy of a range of readily available plant-based extracts and chemicals that may improve brain function and which have attracted sufficient research in this regard to reach a conclusion as to their potential effectiveness as nootropics. Many of these candidate phytochemicals/extracts can be grouped by the chemical nature of their potentially active secondary metabolite constituents into alkaloids (caffeine, nicotine), terpenes (ginkgo, ginseng, valerian, <italic>Melissa officinalis</italic>, sage), and phenolic compounds (curcumin, resveratrol, epigallocatechin-3-gallate, <italic>Hypericum perforatum</italic>, soy isoflavones). They are discussed in terms of how an increased understanding of the relationship between their ecological roles and CNS effects might further the field of natural, phytochemical drug discovery.</p></abstract></article-meta></front></pmc></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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