Beth English. A Common Thread: Labor, Politics, and Capital Mobility in the Textile Industry. (Politics and Culture in the Twentieth-Century South.) Athens: University of Georgia Press. 2006. Pp. x, 236. $39.95
Identifieur interne : 000F48 ( Istex/Corpus ); précédent : 000F47; suivant : 000F49Beth English. A Common Thread: Labor, Politics, and Capital Mobility in the Textile Industry. (Politics and Culture in the Twentieth-Century South.) Athens: University of Georgia Press. 2006. Pp. x, 236. $39.95
Auteurs : Frank J. ByrneSource :
- The American Historical Review [ 0002-8762 ] ; 2007-10.
English descriptors
- Teeft :
- Alabama mill, Ambitious study, American historians, American nationalism, American textile industry, American workers, Antebellum years, Anthropological subject, Antiquated alabama mill, Beth study, Bigger question pisani, Blackballing union employees, Books manufacturing company, Broadest terms, Business environment, Business history, Byrne state university, Capital mobility, Carl ross, Chapters focus, Chapters move, Chapters trot, City government, Common thread, Company union, Conclusions offer, Cone mills, Connecticut river valley, Conservative labor force, Construction companies, Critical labor issues, Dwight company, Dwight manufacturing company, Dwight october, Early step, Economic downturns, Economic recovery, Effective framework, Eighteenth centuries, England farm girls, England locals, England textile companies, England textile unionists, Ethnic tensions, Ethnographic knowledge, European audiences, European immigrants, Explosive growth, Foreign competition, Foreign immigrants, Frederick delius, Generic depictions, Georgia press, Global competition, Global economy, Global labor standards, Great effort managers, Gritty city, Gritty efforts, Half centuries, Helpful case study, Heroic warriors, Historical agent, Historical case study, Historical work, Hollywood movies, Hours women, Human experience, Important contributions, Individual works, Infrastructure building, International outlook, Interregional competition, Intricate workings, Irish police force, John teeth, Labor costs, Labor history, Labor movement, Lake wobegon, Larger debates, Late carl ross, Limited success, Manufacturing jobs, Merrimack manufacturing company, Minnesota press, Miserable conditions, Modal melodies, Modern americans, Modest reform legislation, More pisani, Multiple views, Music theory, Musical characterizations, Musical compositions, Musical expression, Musical productions, Native america, Native americans, Next chapter, Nineteenth century, Noble savages, Original mill, Oswego richard hudelson, Other arts, Particular focus, Particular skill, Pentatonic scales, Pisani, Pisani points, Pisani sets, Political leverage, Popular stage, Question michael, Racial diversity, Real importance, Real insight, Regional competitors, Remarkable poem, Rich literature, Richard hudelson, Richest material, Schooling provisions, Sensationalized versions, Serious obstacles, Several chapters english, Several years, Similar strategy, Single corporation, Siren song, Small points, Smoke signals, Solid work, Southern mill hands, Southern subsidiary, Southern textile industry, State government, State labor legislation, State legislation, Steven conn ohio state university beth english, Successive waves, Such decisions, Such issues, Sure pisani, Textile companies, Textile industry, Textile industry globalization, Textile mills, Third section, Thoughtful analysis, Traditional sentiment, Twentieth centuries, Twentieth century, Union recognition, Valuable lessons, Various factors, Violent labor, Work details, Worker demands, Worker militancy, Worker rights, Yankee business.
Url:
DOI: 10.1086/ahr.112.4.1197
Links to Exploration step
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<article-title>B<sc>eth</sc> E<sc>nglish</sc>. <italic>A Common Thread: Labor, Politics, and Capital Mobility in the Textile Industry</italic>. (Politics and Culture in the Twentieth-Century South.) Athens: University of Georgia Press. 2006. Pp. x, 236. $39.95</article-title>
<alt-title alt-title-type="short-author">Reviews of Books</alt-title>
<alt-title alt-title-type="short">Canada and the United States</alt-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name><surname>Byrne</surname><given-names>Frank J.</given-names></name></contrib>
<aff>State University of New York, Oswego</aff></contrib-group>
<pub-date pub-type="ppub">
<month>10</month>
<year>2007</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>112</volume>
<issue>4</issue>
<fpage>1197</fpage>
<lpage>1198</lpage>
<product product-type="book"><name><surname>English</surname><given-names>Beth</given-names></name>. <source>A Common Thread: Labor, Politics, and Capital Mobility in the Textile Industry. <italic>(Politics and Culture in the Twentieth-Century South.)</italic></source> <publisher-loc>Athens</publisher-loc>: <publisher-name>University of Georgia Press</publisher-name>. <year>2006</year>. Pp. x, 236. $39.95.</product>
<permissions>
<copyright-statement>© 2007 American Historical Association. All rights reserved.</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2007</copyright-year>
<copyright-holder>American Historical Association</copyright-holder>
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<body>
<p>The “common thread” in Beth English's study of the American textile industry in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries is the Dwight Manufacturing Company. Founded in Chicopee, Massachusetts, shortly before the Civil War, the Dwight Manufacturing Company was unusual in that, unlike so many of its regional competitors, it had established a southern subsidiary outside Gadsden, Alabama, by 1896. This “early step in the process of textile industry globalization,” according to English, offers an “effective framework through which the dynamics of capital flight can be explored on local, state, and trans-regional levels simultaneously” (p. 2). A business history that includes thoughtful analysis of critical labor issues, this book seeks to do more than describe the often intricate workings of a single corporation. English maintains that the story of the Dwight Manufacturing Company and others like it offers valuable lessons to modern Americans who face the loss of high-paying manufacturing jobs to foreign competition. The result is a solid work that illustrates admirably the reasons behind the rise and fall of the textile industry in both the North and the South. Unfortunately, however, as an historical work with implications for today, English's conclusions offer little comfort to those who support improving global labor standards in the twenty-first century.</p>
<p>Incorporated in 1856, the Dwight Manufacturing Company traced its origins to the consolidation of several smaller textile companies in the Connecticut River valley that existed as early as 1832. Like the more famous Merrimack Manufacturing Company in Lowell, mills in the Connecticut River valley relied on the labor of New England farm girls in the 1830s and successive waves of European immigrants in the 1840s and thereafter. The Dwight Manufacturing Company flourished in the immediate post–Civil War years, but competition from textile mills leading the economic recovery of the New South began to cut into its profits. Over several chapters English describes the various push-pull factors that led the company to open a mill near Gadsden, Alabama. Essentially, such issues as worker militancy and state labor legislation in Massachusetts, along with the siren song of boosters promoting tractable, native-born labor and a pro-business environment in the cotton South, combined to convince this Yankee business to be one of the first New England textile companies to establish a subsidiary in Dixie. A number of historians have described elements of this process before but English's analysis offers real insight into how, over several years, managers arrived at and implemented such decisions.</p>
<p>This work details with particular skill the great effort managers of the Dwight Company made to ensure that their Alabama mill operated in a business environment far removed from that which had developed in Massachusetts. Any state legislation that infringed upon the prerogatives of management, be it child-labor regulations, schooling provisions, or laws limiting the number of hours women could work, was uniformly opposed. Despite some modest reform legislation that passed mainly as a result of lobbying by middle-class Progressives in Alabama during the early 1900s, the company successfully defended its position. The Dwight Company resorted to a variety of tactics, including lockouts, blackballing union employees, and the creation of a company union, in order to avoid making concessions to worker demands for union recognition and improved benefits. Furthermore, a business-friendly state government and still lingering, traditional anti-union sentiment within a conservative labor force raised serious obstacles for unions that sought to organize southern mill hands. Nevertheless, the gritty efforts of the employees themselves, combined with the political leverage they began to enjoy during the New Deal and World War II, gave unions some very limited success in organizing the southern textile industry. In one of this study's most important contributions, English argues convincingly that the refusal of New England locals to support southern organizing initiatives in a sustained way during the early twentieth century enabled management to restrict worker rights in both regions.</p>
<p>Despite the Dwight Company's relative success in reducing labor costs by moving production to their Alabama mill, regional and growing global competition cut deeply into profits. By 1928 management closed the original mill in Massachusetts and Cone Mills, which had purchased the Dwight Manufacturing Company, closed the increasingly antiquated Alabama mill in 1959.</p>
<p>By deftly weaving together business, political, and labor history, English offers an historical case study of how one U.S. company struggled to remain profitable in the face of interregional competition. Today many U.S.-based companies follow a similar strategy by relocating production overseas. American workers hoping to protect their crumbling position in this global economy, English writes, must embrace an “international outlook” and, unlike New England textile unionists a century ago, must fully commit to organizing coworkers, in this case overseas, who share their cause. Her fine study makes it clear why this goal is at once necessary and, regrettably, so difficult to achieve when culture, politics, and economic self-interest divide a labor movement confronting ever-moving capital.</p>
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