Field reconnaissance geologic mapping of the Columbia Hills, Mars, based on Mars Exploration Rover Spirit and MRO HiRISE observations
Identifieur interne : 000067 ( Main/Merge ); précédent : 000066; suivant : 000068Field reconnaissance geologic mapping of the Columbia Hills, Mars, based on Mars Exploration Rover Spirit and MRO HiRISE observations
Auteurs : L. S. Crumpler [États-Unis] ; R. E. Arvidson [États-Unis] ; S. W. Squyres [États-Unis] ; T. Mccoy [États-Unis] ; A. Yingst [États-Unis] ; S. Ruff [États-Unis] ; W. Farrand [États-Unis] ; Y. Mcsween [États-Unis] ; M. Powell [États-Unis] ; D. W. Ming [États-Unis] ; R. V. Morris [États-Unis] ; J. F. Bell Iii [États-Unis] ; J. Grant [États-Unis] ; R. Greeley [États-Unis] ; D. Desmarais [États-Unis] ; M. Schmidt [Canada] ; N. A. Cabrol [États-Unis] ; A. Haldemann [Pays-Bas] ; Kevin W. Lewis [États-Unis] ; A. E. Wang [États-Unis] ; C. Schröder [Allemagne, États-Unis] ; D. Blaney [États-Unis] ; B. Cohen [États-Unis] ; A. Yen [États-Unis] ; J. Farmer [États-Unis] ; R. Gellert [Canada] ; E. A. Guinness [États-Unis] ; K. E. Herkenhoff [États-Unis] ; J. R. Johnson [Allemagne] ; G. Klingelhöfer [Allemagne] ; A. Mcewen [États-Unis] ; J. W. Rice Jr. [États-Unis] ; M. Rice [États-Unis] ; P. Desouza [Australie] ; J. Hurowitz [États-Unis]Source :
- Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets [ 0148-0227 ] ; 2011-07.
English descriptors
- Teeft :
- Aeolian, Algonquin, Apxs, Arvidson, Athena, Basalt, Basaltic, Basin unit, Bedding planes, Bedrock, Breadbox, Breccia, Caprock, Clast, Clastic, Clovis, Columbia hills, Columbia hills figure, Comanche, Comanche outcrop, Crater, Crumpler, Cumberland, Cumberland ridge, Downslope, Ejecta, Emplaced, Emplacement, Epiclastic, Farrand, Field geology, Field observations, Flank, Fossa, Fracture, Gellert, Geologic, Geophys, Golombek, Graben, Greeley, Gusev, Gusev crater, Hanks, Haskin, Haskin ridge, Haskin ridge outcrops, Haskin ridge unit, Herkenhoff, Hirise, Hirise image data, Hirise images, Home plate, Husband hill, Imager, Impact craters, Impactite, Indurated, Inner basin, Jibsheet, Lamination, Lapillus, Larrys, Larrys bench, Larrys lookout, Lava, Lava flows, Lithology, Loose debris, Lower slopes, Lunar planet, Massif, Mccoy, Mcsween, Medusa, Medusae fossae formation, Ming, Mobile fines, Nanophase, Nasa, Navcam, Olivine, Orbital, Orbital data, Orbital images, Orbital observations, Other outcrops, Outcrop, Outcrop comanche, Overlies, Pancam, Petrographic, Photogeologic, Plains lavas, Polygonal, Preexisting, Pyroclastic, Pyroxene, Rover, Rover perspective, Rubblized, Ruff, Scarp, Seminole, Small impact craters, Spirit rover, Squyres, Stratigraphic, Stratigraphically, Stratigraphy, Sulfate, Surficial, Tennessee valley, Tetl, Tuff, Ultramafic, Unconformable, Unconformity, Univ, Upper slopes, Upslope, Wang, Watchtower, West side, Wishstone, Wishstone class materials, Wishstone class rocks, Wooly, Wooly patch, Yingst.
Abstract
Chemical, mineralogic, and lithologic ground truth was acquired for the first time on Mars in terrain units mapped using orbital Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter's High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment (MRO HiRISE) image data. Examination of several dozen outcrops shows that Mars is geologically complex at meter length scales, the record of its geologic history is well exposed, stratigraphic units may be identified and correlated across significant areas on the ground, and outcrops and geologic relationships between materials may be analyzed with techniques commonly employed in terrestrial field geology. Despite their burial during the course of Martian geologic time by widespread epiclastic materials, mobile fines, and fall deposits, the selective exhumation of deep and well‐preserved geologic units has exposed undisturbed outcrops, stratigraphic sections, and structural information much as they are preserved and exposed on Earth. A rich geologic record awaits skilled future field investigators on Mars. The correlation of ground observations and orbital images enables construction of a corresponding geologic reconnaissance map. Most of the outcrops visited are interpreted to be pyroclastic, impactite, and epiclastic deposits overlying an unexposed substrate, probably related to a modified Gusev crater central peak. Fluids have altered chemistry and mineralogy of these protoliths in degrees that vary substantially within the same map unit. Examination of the rocks exposed above and below the major unconformity between the plains lavas and the Columbia Hills directly confirms the general conclusion from remote sensing in previous studies over past years that the early history of Mars was a time of more intense deposition and modification of the surface. Although the availability of fluids and the chemical and mineral activity declined from this early period, significant later volcanism and fluid convection enabled additional, if localized, chemical activity.
Report on the first field geologic transect on Mars Geologic characteristics are examined on both sides of a major unconformity on Mars Erosion of the Columbia Hills has exposed the older stratigraphic materials
Url:
DOI: 10.1029/2010JE003749
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Powell</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California, Pasadena</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Pasadena</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ming, D W" sort="Ming, D W" uniqKey="Ming D" first="D. W." last="Ming">D. W. Ming</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Johnson Space Center, Texas, Houston</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Houston</settlement><region type="state">Texas</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Morris, R V" sort="Morris, R V" uniqKey="Morris R" first="R. V." last="Morris">R. V. 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Desmarais</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>NASA Ames Research Center, California, Moffett Field</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Moffett Field</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Schmidt, M" sort="Schmidt, M" uniqKey="Schmidt M" first="M." last="Schmidt">M. Schmidt</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Earth Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Ontario</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cabrol, N A" sort="Cabrol, N A" uniqKey="Cabrol N" first="N. A." last="Cabrol">N. A. Cabrol</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>NASA Ames Research Center, California, Moffett Field</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Moffett Field</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Haldemann, A" sort="Haldemann, A" uniqKey="Haldemann A" first="A." last="Haldemann">A. Haldemann</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>ESA/ESTEC, Noordwijk</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Noordwijk</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lewis, Kevin W" sort="Lewis, Kevin W" uniqKey="Lewis K" first="Kevin W." last="Lewis">Kevin W. Lewis</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, California, Pasadena</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Pasadena</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wang, A E" sort="Wang, A E" uniqKey="Wang A" first="A. E." last="Wang">A. E. Wang</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington University, Missouri, St. Louis</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>St. Louis</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Schroder, C" sort="Schroder, C" uniqKey="Schroder C" first="C." last="Schröder">C. Schröder</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Center for Applied Geoscience, Universität of Bayreuth and Eberhard Karls Universität, Tübingen</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Bade-Wurtemberg</region><region type="district" nuts="2">District de Tübingen</region><settlement type="city">Tübingen</settlement></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="2"><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Now at Johnson Space Center, Houston, Texas</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Texas</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Blaney, D" sort="Blaney, D" uniqKey="Blaney D" first="D." last="Blaney">D. Blaney</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California, Pasadena</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Pasadena</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cohen, B" sort="Cohen, B" uniqKey="Cohen B" first="B." last="Cohen">B. Cohen</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>NASA Marshall Spaceflight Center, Alabama, Huntsville</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Huntsville</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Yen, A" sort="Yen, A" uniqKey="Yen A" first="A." last="Yen">A. Yen</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California, Pasadena</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Pasadena</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Farmer, J" sort="Farmer, J" uniqKey="Farmer J" first="J." last="Farmer">J. 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Johnson</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Johannes Gutenberg‐Universität, Mainz</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="land" nuts="2">Rhénanie-Palatinat</region><settlement type="city">Mayence</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Klingelhofer, G" sort="Klingelhofer, G" uniqKey="Klingelhofer G" first="G." last="Klingelhöfer">G. Klingelhöfer</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Johannes Gutenberg‐Universität, Mainz</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="land" nuts="2">Rhénanie-Palatinat</region><settlement type="city">Mayence</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mcewen, A" sort="Mcewen, A" uniqKey="Mcewen A" first="A." last="Mcewen">A. Mcewen</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Lunar and Planetary Lab, University of Arizona, Arizona, Tucson</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Tucson</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rice Jr, J W" sort="Rice Jr, J W" uniqKey="Rice Jr J" first="J. W." last="Rice Jr.">J. W. Rice Jr.</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Maryland, Greenbelt</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Greenbelt</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rice, M" sort="Rice, M" uniqKey="Rice M" first="M." last="Rice">M. Rice</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Astronomy, Cornell University, New York, Ithaca</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université Cornell</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Ithaca (New York)</settlement><region type="state">État de New York</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Desouza, P" sort="Desouza, P" uniqKey="Desouza P" first="P." last="Desouza">P. Desouza</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea>Tasmanian ICT Centre, CSIRO, Hobart, Tasmania</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Tasmania</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hurowitz, J" sort="Hurowitz, J" uniqKey="Hurowitz J" first="J." last="Hurowitz">J. Hurowitz</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California, Pasadena</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Pasadena</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author></analytic><monogr></monogr><series><title level="j" type="main">Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets</title><title level="j" type="alt">JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH: PLANETS</title><idno type="ISSN">0148-0227</idno><idno type="eISSN">2156-2202</idno><imprint><biblScope unit="vol">116</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">E7</biblScope><biblScope unit="page-count">55</biblScope><date type="published" when="2011-07">2011-07</date></imprint><idno type="ISSN">0148-0227</idno></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc><seriesStmt><idno type="ISSN">0148-0227</idno></seriesStmt></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="Teeft" xml:lang="en"><term>Aeolian</term><term>Algonquin</term><term>Apxs</term><term>Arvidson</term><term>Athena</term><term>Basalt</term><term>Basaltic</term><term>Basin unit</term><term>Bedding planes</term><term>Bedrock</term><term>Breadbox</term><term>Breccia</term><term>Caprock</term><term>Clast</term><term>Clastic</term><term>Clovis</term><term>Columbia hills</term><term>Columbia hills figure</term><term>Comanche</term><term>Comanche outcrop</term><term>Crater</term><term>Crumpler</term><term>Cumberland</term><term>Cumberland ridge</term><term>Downslope</term><term>Ejecta</term><term>Emplaced</term><term>Emplacement</term><term>Epiclastic</term><term>Farrand</term><term>Field geology</term><term>Field observations</term><term>Flank</term><term>Fossa</term><term>Fracture</term><term>Gellert</term><term>Geologic</term><term>Geophys</term><term>Golombek</term><term>Graben</term><term>Greeley</term><term>Gusev</term><term>Gusev crater</term><term>Hanks</term><term>Haskin</term><term>Haskin ridge</term><term>Haskin ridge outcrops</term><term>Haskin ridge unit</term><term>Herkenhoff</term><term>Hirise</term><term>Hirise image data</term><term>Hirise images</term><term>Home plate</term><term>Husband hill</term><term>Imager</term><term>Impact craters</term><term>Impactite</term><term>Indurated</term><term>Inner basin</term><term>Jibsheet</term><term>Lamination</term><term>Lapillus</term><term>Larrys</term><term>Larrys bench</term><term>Larrys lookout</term><term>Lava</term><term>Lava flows</term><term>Lithology</term><term>Loose debris</term><term>Lower slopes</term><term>Lunar planet</term><term>Massif</term><term>Mccoy</term><term>Mcsween</term><term>Medusa</term><term>Medusae fossae formation</term><term>Ming</term><term>Mobile fines</term><term>Nanophase</term><term>Nasa</term><term>Navcam</term><term>Olivine</term><term>Orbital</term><term>Orbital data</term><term>Orbital images</term><term>Orbital observations</term><term>Other outcrops</term><term>Outcrop</term><term>Outcrop comanche</term><term>Overlies</term><term>Pancam</term><term>Petrographic</term><term>Photogeologic</term><term>Plains lavas</term><term>Polygonal</term><term>Preexisting</term><term>Pyroclastic</term><term>Pyroxene</term><term>Rover</term><term>Rover perspective</term><term>Rubblized</term><term>Ruff</term><term>Scarp</term><term>Seminole</term><term>Small impact craters</term><term>Spirit rover</term><term>Squyres</term><term>Stratigraphic</term><term>Stratigraphically</term><term>Stratigraphy</term><term>Sulfate</term><term>Surficial</term><term>Tennessee valley</term><term>Tetl</term><term>Tuff</term><term>Ultramafic</term><term>Unconformable</term><term>Unconformity</term><term>Univ</term><term>Upper slopes</term><term>Upslope</term><term>Wang</term><term>Watchtower</term><term>West side</term><term>Wishstone</term><term>Wishstone class materials</term><term>Wishstone class rocks</term><term>Wooly</term><term>Wooly patch</term><term>Yingst</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract">Chemical, mineralogic, and lithologic ground truth was acquired for the first time on Mars in terrain units mapped using orbital Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter's High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment (MRO HiRISE) image data. Examination of several dozen outcrops shows that Mars is geologically complex at meter length scales, the record of its geologic history is well exposed, stratigraphic units may be identified and correlated across significant areas on the ground, and outcrops and geologic relationships between materials may be analyzed with techniques commonly employed in terrestrial field geology. Despite their burial during the course of Martian geologic time by widespread epiclastic materials, mobile fines, and fall deposits, the selective exhumation of deep and well‐preserved geologic units has exposed undisturbed outcrops, stratigraphic sections, and structural information much as they are preserved and exposed on Earth. A rich geologic record awaits skilled future field investigators on Mars. The correlation of ground observations and orbital images enables construction of a corresponding geologic reconnaissance map. Most of the outcrops visited are interpreted to be pyroclastic, impactite, and epiclastic deposits overlying an unexposed substrate, probably related to a modified Gusev crater central peak. Fluids have altered chemistry and mineralogy of these protoliths in degrees that vary substantially within the same map unit. Examination of the rocks exposed above and below the major unconformity between the plains lavas and the Columbia Hills directly confirms the general conclusion from remote sensing in previous studies over past years that the early history of Mars was a time of more intense deposition and modification of the surface. Although the availability of fluids and the chemical and mineral activity declined from this early period, significant later volcanism and fluid convection enabled additional, if localized, chemical activity.</div><div type="abstract">Report on the first field geologic transect on Mars Geologic characteristics are examined on both sides of a major unconformity on Mars Erosion of the Columbia Hills has exposed the older stratigraphic materials</div></front></TEI></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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