Human Y chromosome haplogroup R-V88: a paternal genetic record of early mid Holocene trans-Saharan connections and the spread of Chadic languages
Identifieur interne : 000012 ( Pmc/Curation ); précédent : 000011; suivant : 000013Human Y chromosome haplogroup R-V88: a paternal genetic record of early mid Holocene trans-Saharan connections and the spread of Chadic languages
Auteurs : Fulvio Cruciani [Italie] ; Beniamino Trombetta [Italie] ; Daniele Sellitto [Italie] ; Andrea Massaia [Italie] ; Giovanni Destro-Bisol [Italie] ; Elizabeth Watson [Suède] ; Eliane Beraud Colomb [France] ; Jean-Michel Dugoujon [France] ; Pedro Moral [Espagne] ; Rosaria Scozzari [Italie]Source :
- European Journal of Human Genetics [ 1018-4813 ] ; 2010.
Abstract
Although human Y chromosomes belonging to haplogroup R1b are quite rare in Africa, being found mainly in Asia and Europe, a group of chromosomes within the paragroup R-P25* are found concentrated in the central-western part of the African continent, where they can be detected at frequencies as high as 95%. Phylogenetic evidence and coalescence time estimates suggest that R-P25* chromosomes (or their phylogenetic ancestor) may have been carried to Africa by an Asia-to-Africa back migration in prehistoric times. Here, we describe six new mutations that define the relationships among the African R-P25* Y chromosomes and between these African chromosomes and earlier reported R-P25 Eurasian sub-lineages. The incorporation of these new mutations into a phylogeny of the R1b haplogroup led to the identification of a new clade (R1b1a or R-V88) encompassing all the African R-P25* and about half of the few European/west Asian R-P25* chromosomes. A worldwide phylogeographic analysis of the R1b haplogroup provided strong support to the Asia-to-Africa back-migration hypothesis. The analysis of the distribution of the R-V88 haplogroup in >1800 males from 69 African populations revealed a striking genetic contiguity between the Chadic-speaking peoples from the central Sahel and several other Afroasiatic-speaking groups from North Africa. The R-V88 coalescence time was estimated at 9200–5600 kya, in the early mid Holocene. We suggest that R-V88 is a paternal genetic record of the proposed mid-Holocene migration of proto-Chadic Afroasiatic speakers through the Central Sahara into the Lake Chad Basin, and geomorphological evidence is consistent with this view.
Url:
DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2009.231
PubMed: 20051990
PubMed Central: 2987365
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<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>Although human Y chromosomes belonging to haplogroup R1b are quite rare in Africa, being found mainly in Asia and Europe, a group of chromosomes within the paragroup R-P25<sup>*</sup>
are found concentrated in the central-western part of the African continent, where they can be detected at frequencies as high as 95%. Phylogenetic evidence and coalescence time estimates suggest that R-P25<sup>*</sup>
chromosomes (or their phylogenetic ancestor) may have been carried to Africa by an Asia-to-Africa back migration in prehistoric times. Here, we describe six new mutations that define the relationships among the African R-P25<sup>*</sup>
Y chromosomes and between these African chromosomes and earlier reported R-P25 Eurasian sub-lineages. The incorporation of these new mutations into a phylogeny of the R1b haplogroup led to the identification of a new clade (R1b1a or R-V88) encompassing all the African R-P25<sup>*</sup>
and about half of the few European/west Asian R-P25<sup>*</sup>
chromosomes. A worldwide phylogeographic analysis of the R1b haplogroup provided strong support to the Asia-to-Africa back-migration hypothesis. The analysis of the distribution of the R-V88 haplogroup in >1800 males from 69 African populations revealed a striking genetic contiguity between the Chadic-speaking peoples from the central Sahel and several other Afroasiatic-speaking groups from North Africa. The R-V88 coalescence time was estimated at 9200–5600 kya, in the early mid Holocene. We suggest that R-V88 is a paternal genetic record of the proposed mid-Holocene migration of proto-Chadic Afroasiatic speakers through the Central Sahara into the Lake Chad Basin, and geomorphological evidence is consistent with this view.</p>
</div>
</front>
</TEI>
<pmc article-type="research-article"><pmc-comment>The publisher of this article does not allow downloading of the full text in XML form.</pmc-comment>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Eur J Hum Genet</journal-id>
<journal-title-group><journal-title>European Journal of Human Genetics</journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="ppub">1018-4813</issn>
<issn pub-type="epub">1476-5438</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>Nature Publishing Group</publisher-name>
</publisher>
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<article-id pub-id-type="pii">ejhg2009231</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1038/ejhg.2009.231</article-id>
<article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Article</subject>
</subj-group>
</article-categories>
<title-group><article-title>Human Y chromosome haplogroup R-V88: a paternal genetic record of early mid Holocene trans-Saharan connections and the spread of Chadic languages</article-title>
<alt-title alt-title-type="running">Y haplogroup R-V88 and trans-Saharan connections</alt-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Cruciani</surname>
<given-names>Fulvio</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Trombetta</surname>
<given-names>Beniamino</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Sellitto</surname>
<given-names>Daniele</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">2</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Massaia</surname>
<given-names>Andrea</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Destro-Bisol</surname>
<given-names>Giovanni</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">3</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Watson</surname>
<given-names>Elizabeth</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">4</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Beraud Colomb</surname>
<given-names>Eliane</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5">5</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Dugoujon</surname>
<given-names>Jean-Michel</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6">6</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Moral</surname>
<given-names>Pedro</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff7">7</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Scozzari</surname>
<given-names>Rosaria</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref>
<xref ref-type="corresp" rid="caf1">*</xref>
</contrib>
<aff id="aff1"><label>1</label>
<institution>Dipartimento di Genetica e Biologia Molecolare, Sapienza Università di Roma</institution>
, Rome,<country>Italy</country>
</aff>
<aff id="aff2"><label>2</label>
<institution>Istituto di Biologia e Patologia Molecolari, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche</institution>
, Rome,<country>Italy</country>
</aff>
<aff id="aff3"><label>3</label>
<institution>Dipartimento di Biologia Animale e dell'Uomo and Istituto Italiano di Antropologia, Sapienza Università di Roma</institution>
, Rome,<country>Italy</country>
</aff>
<aff id="aff4"><label>4</label>
<institution>The Swedish Museum of Natural History</institution>
, Stockholm,<country>Sweden</country>
</aff>
<aff id="aff5"><label>5</label>
<institution>Laboratoire d'Immunologie, Hôpital the Sainte-Marguerite</institution>
, Marseille,<country>France</country>
</aff>
<aff id="aff6"><label>6</label>
<institution>Laboratoire d'Anthropobiologie, FRE 2960, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Université Paul Sabatier</institution>
, Toulouse,<country>France</country>
</aff>
<aff id="aff7"><label>7</label>
<institution>Departament of Biologia Animal, Universitat de Barcelona</institution>
, Barcelona,<country>Spain</country>
</aff>
</contrib-group>
<author-notes><corresp id="caf1"><label>*</label>
<institution>Dipartimento di Genetica e Biologia Molecolare, Sapienza Università di Roma</institution>
, P.le Aldo Moro 5, Rome 00185, <country>Italy</country>
. Tel: +39 06 49912826; Fax: +39 06 4456866; E-mail: <email>rosaria.scozzari@uniroma1.it</email>
</corresp>
</author-notes>
<pub-date pub-type="ppub"><month>07</month>
<year>2010</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>06</day>
<month>01</month>
<year>2010</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>18</volume>
<issue>7</issue>
<fpage>800</fpage>
<lpage>807</lpage>
<history><date date-type="received"><day>27</day>
<month>08</month>
<year>2009</year>
</date>
<date date-type="rev-recd"><day>24</day>
<month>11</month>
<year>2009</year>
</date>
<date date-type="accepted"><day>26</day>
<month>11</month>
<year>2009</year>
</date>
</history>
<permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright © 2010 Macmillan Publishers Limited</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2010</copyright-year>
<copyright-holder>Macmillan Publishers Limited</copyright-holder>
</permissions>
<abstract><p>Although human Y chromosomes belonging to haplogroup R1b are quite rare in Africa, being found mainly in Asia and Europe, a group of chromosomes within the paragroup R-P25<sup>*</sup>
are found concentrated in the central-western part of the African continent, where they can be detected at frequencies as high as 95%. Phylogenetic evidence and coalescence time estimates suggest that R-P25<sup>*</sup>
chromosomes (or their phylogenetic ancestor) may have been carried to Africa by an Asia-to-Africa back migration in prehistoric times. Here, we describe six new mutations that define the relationships among the African R-P25<sup>*</sup>
Y chromosomes and between these African chromosomes and earlier reported R-P25 Eurasian sub-lineages. The incorporation of these new mutations into a phylogeny of the R1b haplogroup led to the identification of a new clade (R1b1a or R-V88) encompassing all the African R-P25<sup>*</sup>
and about half of the few European/west Asian R-P25<sup>*</sup>
chromosomes. A worldwide phylogeographic analysis of the R1b haplogroup provided strong support to the Asia-to-Africa back-migration hypothesis. The analysis of the distribution of the R-V88 haplogroup in >1800 males from 69 African populations revealed a striking genetic contiguity between the Chadic-speaking peoples from the central Sahel and several other Afroasiatic-speaking groups from North Africa. The R-V88 coalescence time was estimated at 9200–5600 kya, in the early mid Holocene. We suggest that R-V88 is a paternal genetic record of the proposed mid-Holocene migration of proto-Chadic Afroasiatic speakers through the Central Sahara into the Lake Chad Basin, and geomorphological evidence is consistent with this view.</p>
</abstract>
<kwd-group><kwd>Y chromosome haplogroups</kwd>
<kwd>human migrations</kwd>
<kwd>Holocene</kwd>
<kwd>Africa</kwd>
<kwd>Chadic-speaking populations</kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front>
</pmc>
</record>
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