Ancient DNA from Nubian and Somali wild ass provides insights into donkey ancestry and domestication
Identifieur interne : 000141 ( Pmc/Checkpoint ); précédent : 000140; suivant : 000142Ancient DNA from Nubian and Somali wild ass provides insights into donkey ancestry and domestication
Auteurs : Birgitta Kimura [États-Unis] ; Fiona B. Marshall [États-Unis] ; Shanyuan Chen [Portugal] ; S Nia Rosenbom [Portugal] ; Patricia D. Moehlman [Tanzanie] ; Noreen Tuross [États-Unis] ; Richard C. Sabin [Royaume-Uni] ; Joris Peters [Allemagne] ; Barbara Barich [Italie] ; Hagos Yohannes [Érythrée] ; Fanuel Kebede [Éthiopie] ; Redae Teclai [Érythrée] ; Albano Beja-Pereira [Portugal] ; Connie J. Mulligan [États-Unis]Source :
- Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences [ 0962-8452 ] ; 2010.
Abstract
Genetic data from extant donkeys (
Url:
DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2010.0708
PubMed: 20667880
PubMed Central: 2992715
Affiliations:
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Marshall</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af2"><addr-line>Department of Anthropology</addr-line>,<institution>Washington University</institution>,<addr-line>St Louis, MO 63130</addr-line>,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chen, Shanyuan" sort="Chen, Shanyuan" uniqKey="Chen S" first="Shanyuan" last="Chen">Shanyuan Chen</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af3"><addr-line>Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Géneticos (CIBIO-UP)</addr-line>,<institution>Universidade do Porto, Campus Agrário de Vairão</institution>,<addr-line>4485-661 Vairão</addr-line>,<country>Portugal</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Portugal</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rosenbom, S Nia" sort="Rosenbom, S Nia" uniqKey="Rosenbom S" first="S Nia" last="Rosenbom">S Nia Rosenbom</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af3"><addr-line>Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Géneticos (CIBIO-UP)</addr-line>,<institution>Universidade do Porto, Campus Agrário de Vairão</institution>,<addr-line>4485-661 Vairão</addr-line>,<country>Portugal</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Portugal</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Moehlman, Patricia D" sort="Moehlman, Patricia D" uniqKey="Moehlman P" first="Patricia D." last="Moehlman">Patricia D. Moehlman</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af4"><institution>IUCN/SSC Equid Specialist Group</institution>,<addr-line>Box 2031, Arusha</addr-line>,<country>Tanzania</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Tanzanie</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tuross, Noreen" sort="Tuross, Noreen" uniqKey="Tuross N" first="Noreen" last="Tuross">Noreen Tuross</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af5"><addr-line>Department of Anthropology, Peabody Museum</addr-line>,<institution>Harvard University</institution>,<addr-line>11 Divinity Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02138</addr-line>,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sabin, Richard C" sort="Sabin, Richard C" uniqKey="Sabin R" first="Richard C." last="Sabin">Richard C. Sabin</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af6"><addr-line>Department of Zoology</addr-line>,<institution>The Natural History Museum</institution>,<addr-line>Cromwell Road, South Kensington, London SW7 5BD</addr-line>,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Peters, Joris" sort="Peters, Joris" uniqKey="Peters J" first="Joris" last="Peters">Joris Peters</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af7"><addr-line>Department of Veterinary Sciences</addr-line>,<institution>Institute of Palaeoanatomy and the History of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilian University</institution>,<addr-line>D-80539 Munich</addr-line>,<country>Germany</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Barich, Barbara" sort="Barich, Barbara" uniqKey="Barich B" first="Barbara" last="Barich">Barbara Barich</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af8"><addr-line>Dipartimento di Scienze Storiche, Archeologishe e Antropologiche dell'Antichità</addr-line>,<institution>Unversità degli Studi di Roma ‘La Sapienza’</institution>,<addr-line>Via Palestro 63, 00185 Rome</addr-line>,<country>Italy</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Yohannes, Hagos" sort="Yohannes, Hagos" uniqKey="Yohannes H" first="Hagos" last="Yohannes">Hagos Yohannes</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af9"><institution>Ministry of Agriculture</institution>,<addr-line>PO Box 1048, Asmara</addr-line>,<country>Eritrea</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Érythrée</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kebede, Fanuel" sort="Kebede, Fanuel" uniqKey="Kebede F" first="Fanuel" last="Kebede">Fanuel Kebede</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af10"><institution>Ethiopian Wildlife Conservation Authority</institution>,<addr-line>PO Box 817, Debrezeit</addr-line>,<country>Ethiopia</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Éthiopie</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Teclai, Redae" sort="Teclai, Redae" uniqKey="Teclai R" first="Redae" last="Teclai">Redae Teclai</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af9"><institution>Ministry of Agriculture</institution>,<addr-line>PO Box 1048, Asmara</addr-line>,<country>Eritrea</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Érythrée</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Beja Pereira, Albano" sort="Beja Pereira, Albano" uniqKey="Beja Pereira A" first="Albano" last="Beja-Pereira">Albano Beja-Pereira</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af3"><addr-line>Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Géneticos (CIBIO-UP)</addr-line>,<institution>Universidade do Porto, Campus Agrário de Vairão</institution>,<addr-line>4485-661 Vairão</addr-line>,<country>Portugal</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Portugal</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mulligan, Connie J" sort="Mulligan, Connie J" uniqKey="Mulligan C" first="Connie J." last="Mulligan">Connie J. Mulligan</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af1"><addr-line>Department of Anthropology</addr-line>,<institution>University of Florida</institution>,<addr-line>PO Box 103610, Gainesville, FL 32610</addr-line>,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">20667880</idno><idno type="pmc">2992715</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2992715</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:2992715</idno><idno type="doi">10.1098/rspb.2010.0708</idno><date when="2010">2010</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">000161</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">000161</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Curation">000160</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Curation">000160</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Checkpoint">000141</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Checkpoint">000141</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Ancient DNA from Nubian and Somali wild ass provides insights into donkey ancestry and domestication</title><author><name sortKey="Kimura, Birgitta" sort="Kimura, Birgitta" uniqKey="Kimura B" first="Birgitta" last="Kimura">Birgitta Kimura</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af1"><addr-line>Department of Anthropology</addr-line>,<institution>University of Florida</institution>,<addr-line>PO Box 103610, Gainesville, FL 32610</addr-line>,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Marshall, Fiona B" sort="Marshall, Fiona B" uniqKey="Marshall F" first="Fiona B." last="Marshall">Fiona B. Marshall</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af2"><addr-line>Department of Anthropology</addr-line>,<institution>Washington University</institution>,<addr-line>St Louis, MO 63130</addr-line>,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chen, Shanyuan" sort="Chen, Shanyuan" uniqKey="Chen S" first="Shanyuan" last="Chen">Shanyuan Chen</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af3"><addr-line>Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Géneticos (CIBIO-UP)</addr-line>,<institution>Universidade do Porto, Campus Agrário de Vairão</institution>,<addr-line>4485-661 Vairão</addr-line>,<country>Portugal</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Portugal</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rosenbom, S Nia" sort="Rosenbom, S Nia" uniqKey="Rosenbom S" first="S Nia" last="Rosenbom">S Nia Rosenbom</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af3"><addr-line>Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Géneticos (CIBIO-UP)</addr-line>,<institution>Universidade do Porto, Campus Agrário de Vairão</institution>,<addr-line>4485-661 Vairão</addr-line>,<country>Portugal</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Portugal</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Moehlman, Patricia D" sort="Moehlman, Patricia D" uniqKey="Moehlman P" first="Patricia D." last="Moehlman">Patricia D. Moehlman</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af4"><institution>IUCN/SSC Equid Specialist Group</institution>,<addr-line>Box 2031, Arusha</addr-line>,<country>Tanzania</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Tanzanie</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tuross, Noreen" sort="Tuross, Noreen" uniqKey="Tuross N" first="Noreen" last="Tuross">Noreen Tuross</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af5"><addr-line>Department of Anthropology, Peabody Museum</addr-line>,<institution>Harvard University</institution>,<addr-line>11 Divinity Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02138</addr-line>,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sabin, Richard C" sort="Sabin, Richard C" uniqKey="Sabin R" first="Richard C." last="Sabin">Richard C. Sabin</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af6"><addr-line>Department of Zoology</addr-line>,<institution>The Natural History Museum</institution>,<addr-line>Cromwell Road, South Kensington, London SW7 5BD</addr-line>,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Peters, Joris" sort="Peters, Joris" uniqKey="Peters J" first="Joris" last="Peters">Joris Peters</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af7"><addr-line>Department of Veterinary Sciences</addr-line>,<institution>Institute of Palaeoanatomy and the History of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilian University</institution>,<addr-line>D-80539 Munich</addr-line>,<country>Germany</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Barich, Barbara" sort="Barich, Barbara" uniqKey="Barich B" first="Barbara" last="Barich">Barbara Barich</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af8"><addr-line>Dipartimento di Scienze Storiche, Archeologishe e Antropologiche dell'Antichità</addr-line>,<institution>Unversità degli Studi di Roma ‘La Sapienza’</institution>,<addr-line>Via Palestro 63, 00185 Rome</addr-line>,<country>Italy</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Yohannes, Hagos" sort="Yohannes, Hagos" uniqKey="Yohannes H" first="Hagos" last="Yohannes">Hagos Yohannes</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af9"><institution>Ministry of Agriculture</institution>,<addr-line>PO Box 1048, Asmara</addr-line>,<country>Eritrea</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Érythrée</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kebede, Fanuel" sort="Kebede, Fanuel" uniqKey="Kebede F" first="Fanuel" last="Kebede">Fanuel Kebede</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af10"><institution>Ethiopian Wildlife Conservation Authority</institution>,<addr-line>PO Box 817, Debrezeit</addr-line>,<country>Ethiopia</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Éthiopie</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Teclai, Redae" sort="Teclai, Redae" uniqKey="Teclai R" first="Redae" last="Teclai">Redae Teclai</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af9"><institution>Ministry of Agriculture</institution>,<addr-line>PO Box 1048, Asmara</addr-line>,<country>Eritrea</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Érythrée</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Beja Pereira, Albano" sort="Beja Pereira, Albano" uniqKey="Beja Pereira A" first="Albano" last="Beja-Pereira">Albano Beja-Pereira</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af3"><addr-line>Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Géneticos (CIBIO-UP)</addr-line>,<institution>Universidade do Porto, Campus Agrário de Vairão</institution>,<addr-line>4485-661 Vairão</addr-line>,<country>Portugal</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Portugal</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mulligan, Connie J" sort="Mulligan, Connie J" uniqKey="Mulligan C" first="Connie J." last="Mulligan">Connie J. Mulligan</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af1"><addr-line>Department of Anthropology</addr-line>,<institution>University of Florida</institution>,<addr-line>PO Box 103610, Gainesville, FL 32610</addr-line>,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences</title><idno type="ISSN">0962-8452</idno><idno type="eISSN">1471-2954</idno><imprint><date when="2010">2010</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>Genetic data from extant donkeys (<italic>Equus asinus</italic>) have revealed two distinct mitochondrial DNA haplogroups, suggestive of two separate domestication events in northeast Africa about 5000 years ago. Without distinct phylogeographic structure in domestic donkey haplogroups and with little information on the genetic makeup of the ancestral African wild ass, however, it has been difficult to identify wild ancestors and geographical origins for the domestic mitochondrial clades. Our analysis of ancient archaeological and historic museum samples provides the first genetic information on the historic Nubian wild ass (<italic>Equus africanus africanus</italic>), Somali wild ass (<italic>Equus africanus somaliensis</italic>) and ancient donkey. The results demonstrate that the Nubian wild ass was an ancestor of the first donkey haplogroup. In contrast, the Somali wild ass has considerable mitochondrial divergence from the Nubian wild ass and domestic donkeys. These findings resolve the long-standing issue of the role of the Nubian wild ass in the domestication of the donkey, but raise new questions regarding the second ancestor for the donkey. Our results illustrate the complexity of animal domestication, and have conservation implications for critically endangered Nubian and Somali wild ass.</p></div></front></TEI><pmc article-type="research-article"><pmc-comment>The publisher of this article does not allow downloading of the full text in XML form.</pmc-comment>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Proc Biol Sci</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">RSPB</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="hwp">royprsb</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0962-8452</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1471-2954</issn><publisher><publisher-name>The Royal Society</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">20667880</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">2992715</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1098/rspb.2010.0708</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">rspb20100708</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="hwp-journal-coll"><subject>1001</subject><subject>70</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Articles</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Ancient DNA from Nubian and Somali wild ass provides insights into donkey ancestry and domestication</article-title><alt-title>Ancient DNA and donkey domestication</alt-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Kimura</surname><given-names>Birgitta</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af1">1</xref><xref ref-type="author-notes" rid="AN1">†</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Marshall</surname><given-names>Fiona B.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af2">2</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Chen</surname><given-names>Shanyuan</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af3">3</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Rosenbom</surname><given-names>Sónia</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af3">3</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Moehlman</surname><given-names>Patricia D.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af4">4</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Tuross</surname><given-names>Noreen</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af5">5</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Sabin</surname><given-names>Richard C.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af6">6</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Peters</surname><given-names>Joris</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af7">7</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Barich</surname><given-names>Barbara</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af8">8</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Yohannes</surname><given-names>Hagos</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af9">9</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Kebede</surname><given-names>Fanuel</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af10">10</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Teclai</surname><given-names>Redae</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af9">9</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Beja-Pereira</surname><given-names>Albano</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af3">3</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Mulligan</surname><given-names>Connie J.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af1">1</xref><xref ref-type="corresp" rid="cor1">*</xref></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="af1"><label>1</label><addr-line>Department of Anthropology</addr-line>,<institution>University of Florida</institution>,<addr-line>PO Box 103610, Gainesville, FL 32610</addr-line>,<country>USA</country></aff><aff id="af2"><label>2</label><addr-line>Department of Anthropology</addr-line>,<institution>Washington University</institution>,<addr-line>St Louis, MO 63130</addr-line>,<country>USA</country></aff><aff id="af3"><label>3</label><addr-line>Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Géneticos (CIBIO-UP)</addr-line>,<institution>Universidade do Porto, Campus Agrário de Vairão</institution>,<addr-line>4485-661 Vairão</addr-line>,<country>Portugal</country></aff><aff id="af4"><label>4</label><institution>IUCN/SSC Equid Specialist Group</institution>,<addr-line>Box 2031, Arusha</addr-line>,<country>Tanzania</country></aff><aff id="af5"><label>5</label><addr-line>Department of Anthropology, Peabody Museum</addr-line>,<institution>Harvard University</institution>,<addr-line>11 Divinity Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02138</addr-line>,<country>USA</country></aff><aff id="af6"><label>6</label><addr-line>Department of Zoology</addr-line>,<institution>The Natural History Museum</institution>,<addr-line>Cromwell Road, South Kensington, London SW7 5BD</addr-line>,<country>UK</country></aff><aff id="af7"><label>7</label><addr-line>Department of Veterinary Sciences</addr-line>,<institution>Institute of Palaeoanatomy and the History of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilian University</institution>,<addr-line>D-80539 Munich</addr-line>,<country>Germany</country></aff><aff id="af8"><label>8</label><addr-line>Dipartimento di Scienze Storiche, Archeologishe e Antropologiche dell'Antichità</addr-line>,<institution>Unversità degli Studi di Roma ‘La Sapienza’</institution>,<addr-line>Via Palestro 63, 00185 Rome</addr-line>,<country>Italy</country></aff><aff id="af9"><label>9</label><institution>Ministry of Agriculture</institution>,<addr-line>PO Box 1048, Asmara</addr-line>,<country>Eritrea</country></aff><aff id="af10"><label>10</label><institution>Ethiopian Wildlife Conservation Authority</institution>,<addr-line>PO Box 817, Debrezeit</addr-line>,<country>Ethiopia</country></aff><author-notes><corresp id="cor1"><label>*</label>Author for correspondence (<email>cmulligan@ufl.edu</email>).</corresp><fn fn-type="present-address" id="AN1"><label>†</label><p>Present address: Biotechnology Programme, Santa Fe College, Alachua, FL 32 615, USA.</p></fn></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="ppub"><day>7</day><month>1</month><year>2011</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>28</day><month>7</month><year>2010</year></pub-date><volume>278</volume><issue>1702</issue><fpage>50</fpage><lpage>57</lpage><history><date date-type="received"><day>1</day><month>4</month><year>2010</year></date><date date-type="accepted"><day>6</day><month>7</month><year>2010</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement>This Journal is © 2010 The Royal Society</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2010</copyright-year></permissions><self-uri content-type="pdf" xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="rspb20100708.pdf"></self-uri><abstract><p>Genetic data from extant donkeys (<italic>Equus asinus</italic>) have revealed two distinct mitochondrial DNA haplogroups, suggestive of two separate domestication events in northeast Africa about 5000 years ago. Without distinct phylogeographic structure in domestic donkey haplogroups and with little information on the genetic makeup of the ancestral African wild ass, however, it has been difficult to identify wild ancestors and geographical origins for the domestic mitochondrial clades. Our analysis of ancient archaeological and historic museum samples provides the first genetic information on the historic Nubian wild ass (<italic>Equus africanus africanus</italic>), Somali wild ass (<italic>Equus africanus somaliensis</italic>) and ancient donkey. The results demonstrate that the Nubian wild ass was an ancestor of the first donkey haplogroup. In contrast, the Somali wild ass has considerable mitochondrial divergence from the Nubian wild ass and domestic donkeys. These findings resolve the long-standing issue of the role of the Nubian wild ass in the domestication of the donkey, but raise new questions regarding the second ancestor for the donkey. Our results illustrate the complexity of animal domestication, and have conservation implications for critically endangered Nubian and Somali wild ass.</p></abstract><kwd-group><kwd>donkey domestication</kwd><kwd>ancient DNA</kwd><kwd>Nubian and Somali wild ass</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front></pmc><affiliations><list><country><li>Allemagne</li><li>Italie</li><li>Portugal</li><li>Royaume-Uni</li><li>Tanzanie</li><li>Érythrée</li><li>États-Unis</li><li>Éthiopie</li></country></list><tree><country name="États-Unis"><noRegion><name sortKey="Kimura, Birgitta" sort="Kimura, Birgitta" uniqKey="Kimura B" first="Birgitta" last="Kimura">Birgitta Kimura</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Marshall, Fiona B" sort="Marshall, Fiona B" uniqKey="Marshall F" first="Fiona B." last="Marshall">Fiona B. Marshall</name><name sortKey="Mulligan, Connie J" sort="Mulligan, Connie J" uniqKey="Mulligan C" first="Connie J." last="Mulligan">Connie J. Mulligan</name><name sortKey="Tuross, Noreen" sort="Tuross, Noreen" uniqKey="Tuross N" first="Noreen" last="Tuross">Noreen Tuross</name></country><country name="Portugal"><noRegion><name sortKey="Chen, Shanyuan" sort="Chen, Shanyuan" uniqKey="Chen S" first="Shanyuan" last="Chen">Shanyuan Chen</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Beja Pereira, Albano" sort="Beja Pereira, Albano" uniqKey="Beja Pereira A" first="Albano" last="Beja-Pereira">Albano Beja-Pereira</name><name sortKey="Rosenbom, S Nia" sort="Rosenbom, S Nia" uniqKey="Rosenbom S" first="S Nia" last="Rosenbom">S Nia Rosenbom</name></country><country name="Tanzanie"><noRegion><name sortKey="Moehlman, Patricia D" sort="Moehlman, Patricia D" uniqKey="Moehlman P" first="Patricia D." last="Moehlman">Patricia D. Moehlman</name></noRegion></country><country name="Royaume-Uni"><noRegion><name sortKey="Sabin, Richard C" sort="Sabin, Richard C" uniqKey="Sabin R" first="Richard C." last="Sabin">Richard C. Sabin</name></noRegion></country><country name="Allemagne"><noRegion><name sortKey="Peters, Joris" sort="Peters, Joris" uniqKey="Peters J" first="Joris" last="Peters">Joris Peters</name></noRegion></country><country name="Italie"><noRegion><name sortKey="Barich, Barbara" sort="Barich, Barbara" uniqKey="Barich B" first="Barbara" last="Barich">Barbara Barich</name></noRegion></country><country name="Érythrée"><noRegion><name sortKey="Yohannes, Hagos" sort="Yohannes, Hagos" uniqKey="Yohannes H" first="Hagos" last="Yohannes">Hagos Yohannes</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Teclai, Redae" sort="Teclai, Redae" uniqKey="Teclai R" first="Redae" last="Teclai">Redae Teclai</name></country><country name="Éthiopie"><noRegion><name sortKey="Kebede, Fanuel" sort="Kebede, Fanuel" uniqKey="Kebede F" first="Fanuel" last="Kebede">Fanuel Kebede</name></noRegion></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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