Estimating Annual Soil Carbon Loss in Agricultural Peatland Soils Using a Nitrogen Budget Approach
Identifieur interne : 000009 ( Pmc/Curation ); précédent : 000008; suivant : 000010Estimating Annual Soil Carbon Loss in Agricultural Peatland Soils Using a Nitrogen Budget Approach
Auteurs : Emilie R. Kirk [États-Unis] ; Chris Van Kessel [États-Unis] ; William R. Horwath [États-Unis] ; Bruce A. Linquist [États-Unis]Source :
- PLoS ONE [ 1932-6203 ] ; 2015.
Abstract
Around the world, peatland degradation and soil subsidence is occurring where these soils have been converted to agriculture. Since initial drainage in the mid-1800s, continuous farming of such soils in the California Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta (the Delta) has led to subsidence of up to 8 meters in places, primarily due to soil organic matter (SOM) oxidation and physical compaction. Rice (
Url:
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0121432
PubMed: 25822494
PubMed Central: 4379157
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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Estimating Annual Soil Carbon Loss in Agricultural Peatland Soils Using a Nitrogen Budget Approach</title><author><name sortKey="Kirk, Emilie R" sort="Kirk, Emilie R" uniqKey="Kirk E" first="Emilie R." last="Kirk">Emilie R. Kirk</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff001"><addr-line>Department of Plant Sciences, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Plant Sciences, University of California Davis, Davis, California</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Van Kessel, Chris" sort="Van Kessel, Chris" uniqKey="Van Kessel C" first="Chris" last="Van Kessel">Chris Van Kessel</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff001"><addr-line>Department of Plant Sciences, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Plant Sciences, University of California Davis, Davis, California</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Horwath, William R" sort="Horwath, William R" uniqKey="Horwath W" first="William R." last="Horwath">William R. Horwath</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff002"><addr-line>Department of Land, Air, and Water Resources, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Land, Air, and Water Resources, University of California Davis, Davis, California</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Linquist, Bruce A" sort="Linquist, Bruce A" uniqKey="Linquist B" first="Bruce A." last="Linquist">Bruce A. Linquist</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff001"><addr-line>Department of Plant Sciences, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Plant Sciences, University of California Davis, Davis, California</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">25822494</idno><idno type="pmc">4379157</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4379157</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:4379157</idno><idno type="doi">10.1371/journal.pone.0121432</idno><date when="2015">2015</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">000009</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">000009</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Curation">000009</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Curation">000009</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Estimating Annual Soil Carbon Loss in Agricultural Peatland Soils Using a Nitrogen Budget Approach</title><author><name sortKey="Kirk, Emilie R" sort="Kirk, Emilie R" uniqKey="Kirk E" first="Emilie R." last="Kirk">Emilie R. Kirk</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff001"><addr-line>Department of Plant Sciences, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Plant Sciences, University of California Davis, Davis, California</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Van Kessel, Chris" sort="Van Kessel, Chris" uniqKey="Van Kessel C" first="Chris" last="Van Kessel">Chris Van Kessel</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff001"><addr-line>Department of Plant Sciences, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Plant Sciences, University of California Davis, Davis, California</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Horwath, William R" sort="Horwath, William R" uniqKey="Horwath W" first="William R." last="Horwath">William R. Horwath</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff002"><addr-line>Department of Land, Air, and Water Resources, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Land, Air, and Water Resources, University of California Davis, Davis, California</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Linquist, Bruce A" sort="Linquist, Bruce A" uniqKey="Linquist B" first="Bruce A." last="Linquist">Bruce A. Linquist</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff001"><addr-line>Department of Plant Sciences, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Plant Sciences, University of California Davis, Davis, California</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">PLoS ONE</title><idno type="eISSN">1932-6203</idno><imprint><date when="2015">2015</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>Around the world, peatland degradation and soil subsidence is occurring where these soils have been converted to agriculture. Since initial drainage in the mid-1800s, continuous farming of such soils in the California Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta (the Delta) has led to subsidence of up to 8 meters in places, primarily due to soil organic matter (SOM) oxidation and physical compaction. Rice (<italic>Oryza sativa</italic>) production has been proposed as an alternative cropping system to limit SOM oxidation. Preliminary research on these soils revealed high N uptake by rice in N fertilizer omission plots, which we hypothesized was the result of SOM oxidation releasing N. Testing this hypothesis, we developed a novel N budgeting approach to assess annual soil C and N loss based on plant N uptake and fallow season N mineralization. Through field experiments examining N dynamics during growing season and winter fallow periods, a complete annual N budget was developed. Soil C loss was calculated from SOM-N mineralization using the soil C:N ratio. Surface water and crop residue were negligible in the total N uptake budget (3 – 4 % combined). Shallow groundwater contributed 24 – 33 %, likely representing subsurface SOM-N mineralization. Assuming 6 and 25 kg N ha-1 from atmospheric deposition and biological N2 fixation, respectively, our results suggest 77 – 81 % of plant N uptake (129 – 149 kg N ha<sup>-1</sup>) was supplied by SOM mineralization. Considering a range of N uptake efficiency from 50 – 70 %, estimated net C loss ranged from 1149 – 2473 kg C ha<sup>-1</sup>. These findings suggest that rice systems, as currently managed, reduce the rate of C loss from organic delta soils relative to other agricultural practices.</p></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Syvitski, Jpm" uniqKey="Syvitski J">JPM Syvitski</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kettner, Aj" uniqKey="Kettner A">AJ Kettner</name></author><author><name sortKey="Overeem, I" uniqKey="Overeem I">I Overeem</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hutton, Ewh" uniqKey="Hutton E">EWH Hutton</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hannon, Mt" uniqKey="Hannon M">MT Hannon</name></author><author><name sortKey="Brakenridge, Gr" uniqKey="Brakenridge G">GR Brakenridge</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Frolking, S" uniqKey="Frolking S">S Frolking</name></author><author><name sortKey="Talbot, J" uniqKey="Talbot J">J Talbot</name></author><author><name 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<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">PLoS One</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">PLoS ONE</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">plos</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="pmc">plosone</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>PLoS ONE</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">1932-6203</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Public Library of Science</publisher-name><publisher-loc>San Francisco, CA USA</publisher-loc></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">25822494</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">4379157</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1371/journal.pone.0121432</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">PONE-D-14-22156</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Estimating Annual Soil Carbon Loss in Agricultural Peatland Soils Using a Nitrogen Budget Approach</article-title><alt-title alt-title-type="running-head">Nitrogen Budget for Estimating Soil Carbon Loss</alt-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Kirk</surname><given-names>Emilie R.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff001"><sup>1</sup></xref><xref rid="cor001" ref-type="corresp">*</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>van Kessel</surname><given-names>Chris</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff001"><sup>1</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Horwath</surname><given-names>William R.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff002"><sup>2</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Linquist</surname><given-names>Bruce A.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff001"><sup>1</sup></xref></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="aff001"><label>1</label><addr-line>Department of Plant Sciences, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff002"><label>2</label><addr-line>Department of Land, Air, and Water Resources, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America</addr-line></aff><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="editor"><name><surname>Wang</surname><given-names>Xiujun</given-names></name><role>Academic Editor</role><xref ref-type="aff" rid="edit1"></xref></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="edit1"><addr-line>University of Maryland, UNITED STATES</addr-line></aff><author-notes><fn fn-type="conflict" id="coi001"><p><bold>Competing Interests: </bold>The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.</p></fn><fn fn-type="con" id="contrib001"><p>Conceived and designed the experiments: EK CVK WRH BAL. Performed the experiments: EK BAL. Analyzed the data: EK. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: CVK BAL. Wrote the paper: EK CVK WRH BAL.</p></fn><corresp id="cor001">* E-mail: <email>erkirk@ucdavis.edu</email></corresp></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>30</day><month>3</month><year>2015</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2015</year></pub-date><volume>10</volume><issue>3</issue><elocation-id>e0121432</elocation-id><history><date date-type="received"><day>11</day><month>6</month><year>2014</year></date><date date-type="accepted"><day>16</day><month>2</month><year>2015</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-year>2015</copyright-year><copyright-holder>Kirk et al</copyright-holder><license xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"><license-p>This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution License</ext-link>, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri content-type="pdf" xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="pone.0121432.pdf"></self-uri><abstract><p>Around the world, peatland degradation and soil subsidence is occurring where these soils have been converted to agriculture. Since initial drainage in the mid-1800s, continuous farming of such soils in the California Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta (the Delta) has led to subsidence of up to 8 meters in places, primarily due to soil organic matter (SOM) oxidation and physical compaction. Rice (<italic>Oryza sativa</italic>) production has been proposed as an alternative cropping system to limit SOM oxidation. Preliminary research on these soils revealed high N uptake by rice in N fertilizer omission plots, which we hypothesized was the result of SOM oxidation releasing N. Testing this hypothesis, we developed a novel N budgeting approach to assess annual soil C and N loss based on plant N uptake and fallow season N mineralization. Through field experiments examining N dynamics during growing season and winter fallow periods, a complete annual N budget was developed. Soil C loss was calculated from SOM-N mineralization using the soil C:N ratio. Surface water and crop residue were negligible in the total N uptake budget (3 – 4 % combined). Shallow groundwater contributed 24 – 33 %, likely representing subsurface SOM-N mineralization. Assuming 6 and 25 kg N ha-1 from atmospheric deposition and biological N2 fixation, respectively, our results suggest 77 – 81 % of plant N uptake (129 – 149 kg N ha<sup>-1</sup>) was supplied by SOM mineralization. Considering a range of N uptake efficiency from 50 – 70 %, estimated net C loss ranged from 1149 – 2473 kg C ha<sup>-1</sup>. These findings suggest that rice systems, as currently managed, reduce the rate of C loss from organic delta soils relative to other agricultural practices.</p></abstract><funding-group><funding-statement>This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, National Institute of Food and Agriculture, Agriculture and Food Research Initiative. Award #2011-67003-30371, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.nifa.usda.gov/">http://www.nifa.usda.gov/</ext-link> to WRH and the University of California, Davis Department of Plant Sciences Graduate Student Research Assistantship, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.plantsciences.ucdavis.edu/plantsciences/">http://www.plantsciences.ucdavis.edu/plantsciences/</ext-link> to EK. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.</funding-statement></funding-group><counts><fig-count count="3"></fig-count><table-count count="6"></table-count><page-count count="18"></page-count></counts><custom-meta-group><custom-meta id="data-availability"><meta-name>Data Availability</meta-name><meta-value>All relevant data are within the paper and its Supporting Information files.</meta-value></custom-meta></custom-meta-group></article-meta><notes><title>Data Availability</title><p>All relevant data are within the paper and its Supporting Information files.</p></notes></front></pmc></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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