Human exposure to soil contaminants in subarctic Ontario, Canada
Identifieur interne : 000005 ( Pmc/Curation ); précédent : 000004; suivant : 000006Human exposure to soil contaminants in subarctic Ontario, Canada
Auteurs : Ellen Stephanie Reyes [Canada] ; Eric Nicholas Liberda [Canada] ; Leonard James S. Tsuji [Canada]Source :
- International Journal of Circumpolar Health [ 1239-9736 ] ; 2015.
Abstract
Chemical contaminants in the Canadian subarctic present a health risk with exposures primarily occurring via the food consumption.
Characterization of soil contaminants is needed in northern Canada due to increased gardening and agricultural food security initiatives and the presence of known point sources of pollution.
A field study was conducted in the western James Bay Region of Ontario, Canada, to examine the concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls, dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane and its metabolites (ΣDDT), other organochlorines, and metals/metalloids in potentially contaminated agriculture sites.
Exposure pathways were assessed by comparing the estimated daily intake to acceptable daily intake values. Ninety soil samples were collected at random (grid sampling) from 3 plots (A, B, and C) in Fort Albany (on the mainland), subarctic Ontario, Canada. The contaminated-soil samples were analysed by gas chromatography with an electron capture detector or inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer.
The range of ΣDDT in 90 soil samples was below the limit of detection to 4.19 mg/kg. From the 3 soil plots analysed, Plot A had the highest ΣDDT mean concentration of 1.12 mg/kg, followed by Plot B and Plot C which had 0.09 and 0.01 mg/kg, respectively. Concentrations of other organic contaminants and metals in the soil samples were below the limit of detection or found in low concentrations in all plots and did not present a human health risk.
Exposure analyses showed that the human risk was below regulatory thresholds. However, the ΣDDT concentration in Plot A exceeded soil guidelines set out by the Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment of 0.7 mg/kg, and thus the land should not be used for agricultural or recreational purposes. Both Plots B and C were below threshold limits, and this land can be used for agricultural purposes.
Url:
DOI: 10.3402/ijch.v74.27357
PubMed: 26025557
PubMed Central: 4449361
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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Human exposure to soil contaminants in subarctic Ontario, Canada</title><author><name sortKey="Reyes, Ellen Stephanie" sort="Reyes, Ellen Stephanie" uniqKey="Reyes E" first="Ellen Stephanie" last="Reyes">Ellen Stephanie Reyes</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="AF0001">School of Occupational and Public Health, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>School of Occupational and Public Health, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="AF0002">School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Liberda, Eric Nicholas" sort="Liberda, Eric Nicholas" uniqKey="Liberda E" first="Eric Nicholas" last="Liberda">Eric Nicholas Liberda</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="AF0001">School of Occupational and Public Health, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>School of Occupational and Public Health, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tsuji, Leonard James S" sort="Tsuji, Leonard James S" uniqKey="Tsuji L" first="Leonard James S." last="Tsuji">Leonard James S. Tsuji</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="AF0003">Health Studies and Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, Ontario, Canada</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>Health Studies and Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, Ontario</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">26025557</idno><idno type="pmc">4449361</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4449361</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:4449361</idno><idno type="doi">10.3402/ijch.v74.27357</idno><date when="2015">2015</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">000005</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">000005</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Curation">000005</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Curation">000005</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Human exposure to soil contaminants in subarctic Ontario, Canada</title><author><name sortKey="Reyes, Ellen Stephanie" sort="Reyes, Ellen Stephanie" uniqKey="Reyes E" first="Ellen Stephanie" last="Reyes">Ellen Stephanie Reyes</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="AF0001">School of Occupational and Public Health, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>School of Occupational and Public Health, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="AF0002">School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Liberda, Eric Nicholas" sort="Liberda, Eric Nicholas" uniqKey="Liberda E" first="Eric Nicholas" last="Liberda">Eric Nicholas Liberda</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="AF0001">School of Occupational and Public Health, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>School of Occupational and Public Health, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tsuji, Leonard James S" sort="Tsuji, Leonard James S" uniqKey="Tsuji L" first="Leonard James S." last="Tsuji">Leonard James S. Tsuji</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="AF0003">Health Studies and Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, Ontario, Canada</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>Health Studies and Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, Ontario</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">International Journal of Circumpolar Health</title><idno type="ISSN">1239-9736</idno><idno type="eISSN">2242-3982</idno><imprint><date when="2015">2015</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><sec id="st1"><title>Background</title><p>Chemical contaminants in the Canadian subarctic present a health risk with exposures primarily occurring via the food consumption.</p></sec><sec id="st2"><title>Objective</title><p>Characterization of soil contaminants is needed in northern Canada due to increased gardening and agricultural food security initiatives and the presence of known point sources of pollution.</p></sec><sec id="st3"><title>Design</title><p>A field study was conducted in the western James Bay Region of Ontario, Canada, to examine the concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls, dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane and its metabolites (ΣDDT), other organochlorines, and metals/metalloids in potentially contaminated agriculture sites.</p></sec><sec id="st4"><title>Methods</title><p>Exposure pathways were assessed by comparing the estimated daily intake to acceptable daily intake values. Ninety soil samples were collected at random (grid sampling) from 3 plots (A, B, and C) in Fort Albany (on the mainland), subarctic Ontario, Canada. The contaminated-soil samples were analysed by gas chromatography with an electron capture detector or inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer.</p></sec><sec id="st5"><title>Results</title><p>The range of ΣDDT in 90 soil samples was below the limit of detection to 4.19 mg/kg. From the 3 soil plots analysed, Plot A had the highest ΣDDT mean concentration of 1.12 mg/kg, followed by Plot B and Plot C which had 0.09 and 0.01 mg/kg, respectively. Concentrations of other organic contaminants and metals in the soil samples were below the limit of detection or found in low concentrations in all plots and did not present a human health risk.</p></sec><sec id="st6"><title>Conclusion</title><p>Exposure analyses showed that the human risk was below regulatory thresholds. However, the ΣDDT concentration in Plot A exceeded soil guidelines set out by the Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment of 0.7 mg/kg, and thus the land should not be used for agricultural or recreational purposes. 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<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Int J Circumpolar Health</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Int J Circumpolar Health</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">IJCH</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>International Journal of Circumpolar Health</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1239-9736</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2242-3982</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Co-Action Publishing</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">26025557</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">4449361</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">27357</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.3402/ijch.v74.27357</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Original Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Human exposure to soil contaminants in subarctic Ontario, Canada</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Reyes</surname><given-names>Ellen Stephanie</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="AF0001">1</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="AF0002">2</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Liberda</surname><given-names>Eric Nicholas</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="AF0001">1</xref><xref ref-type="corresp" rid="cor1">*</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Tsuji</surname><given-names>Leonard James S.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="AF0003">3</xref></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="AF0001"><label>1</label>School of Occupational and Public Health, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada</aff><aff id="AF0002"><label>2</label>School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada</aff><aff id="AF0003"><label>3</label>Health Studies and Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, Ontario, Canada</aff><author-notes><corresp id="cor1"><label>*</label>Correspondence to: Eric Nicholas Liberda, School of Occupational and Public Health, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5B 2K3, Email: <email xlink:href="eric.liberda@ryerson.ca">eric.liberda@ryerson.ca</email></corresp><fn><p>Responsible Editor: Rhonda M. Johnson, University of Alaska Anchorage, United States.</p></fn></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>28</day><month>5</month><year>2015</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2015</year></pub-date><volume>74</volume><elocation-id content-type="doi">10.3402/ijch.v74.27357</elocation-id><history><date date-type="received"><day>21</day><month>1</month><year>2015</year></date><date date-type="rev-recd"><day>04</day><month>4</month><year>2015</year></date><date date-type="accepted"><day>05</day><month>5</month><year>2015</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement>© 2015 Ellen Stephanie Reyes et al.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2015</copyright-year><license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"><license-p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, allowing third parties to copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format and to remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, even commercially, provided the original work is properly cited and states its license.</license-p></license></permissions><abstract><sec id="st1"><title>Background</title><p>Chemical contaminants in the Canadian subarctic present a health risk with exposures primarily occurring via the food consumption.</p></sec><sec id="st2"><title>Objective</title><p>Characterization of soil contaminants is needed in northern Canada due to increased gardening and agricultural food security initiatives and the presence of known point sources of pollution.</p></sec><sec id="st3"><title>Design</title><p>A field study was conducted in the western James Bay Region of Ontario, Canada, to examine the concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls, dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane and its metabolites (ΣDDT), other organochlorines, and metals/metalloids in potentially contaminated agriculture sites.</p></sec><sec id="st4"><title>Methods</title><p>Exposure pathways were assessed by comparing the estimated daily intake to acceptable daily intake values. Ninety soil samples were collected at random (grid sampling) from 3 plots (A, B, and C) in Fort Albany (on the mainland), subarctic Ontario, Canada. The contaminated-soil samples were analysed by gas chromatography with an electron capture detector or inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer.</p></sec><sec id="st5"><title>Results</title><p>The range of ΣDDT in 90 soil samples was below the limit of detection to 4.19 mg/kg. From the 3 soil plots analysed, Plot A had the highest ΣDDT mean concentration of 1.12 mg/kg, followed by Plot B and Plot C which had 0.09 and 0.01 mg/kg, respectively. Concentrations of other organic contaminants and metals in the soil samples were below the limit of detection or found in low concentrations in all plots and did not present a human health risk.</p></sec><sec id="st6"><title>Conclusion</title><p>Exposure analyses showed that the human risk was below regulatory thresholds. However, the ΣDDT concentration in Plot A exceeded soil guidelines set out by the Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment of 0.7 mg/kg, and thus the land should not be used for agricultural or recreational purposes. Both Plots B and C were below threshold limits, and this land can be used for agricultural purposes.</p></sec></abstract><kwd-group><kwd>DDT</kwd><kwd>soil</kwd><kwd>soil ingestion</kwd><kwd>risk assessment</kwd><kwd>Aboriginal health</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front></pmc></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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