Assessment of Genetic Diversity, Relationships and Structure among Korean Native Cattle Breeds Using Microsatellite Markers
Identifieur interne : 000086 ( Pmc/Checkpoint ); précédent : 000085; suivant : 000087Assessment of Genetic Diversity, Relationships and Structure among Korean Native Cattle Breeds Using Microsatellite Markers
Auteurs : Sangwon Suh ; Young-Sin Kim ; Chang-Yeon Cho ; Mi-Jeong Byun ; Seong-Bok Choi ; Yeoung-Gyu Ko ; Chang Woo Lee [Corée du Sud] ; Kyoung-Sub Jung [Corée du Sud] ; Kyoung Hun Bae [Corée du Sud] ; Jae-Hwan KimSource :
- Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences [ 1011-2367 ] ; 2014.
Abstract
Four Korean native cattle (KNC) breeds—Hanwoo, Chikso, Heugu, and Jeju black—are entered in the Domestic Animal Diversity Information System of the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). The objective of this study was to assess the genetic diversity, phylogenetic relationships and population structure of these KNC breeds (n = 120) and exotic breeds (Holstein and Charolais, n = 56). Thirty microsatellite loci recommended by the International Society for Animal Genetics/FAO were genotyped. These genotypes were used to determine the allele frequencies, allelic richness, heterozygosity and polymorphism information content per locus and breed. Genetic diversity was lower in Heugu and Jeju black breeds. Phylogenetic analysis, Factorial Correspondence Analysis and genetic clustering grouped each breed in its own cluster, which supported the genetic uniqueness of the KNC breeds. These results will be useful for conservation and management of KNC breeds as animal genetic resources.
Url:
DOI: 10.5713/ajas.2014.14435
PubMed: 25358313
PubMed Central: 4213698
Affiliations:
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Ko</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lee, Chang Woo" sort="Lee, Chang Woo" uniqKey="Lee C" first="Chang Woo" last="Lee">Chang Woo Lee</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af1-ajas-27-11-1548">Gangwon Provincial Livestock Research Center, Hoengseong, Gangwon 225-831,<country>Korea</country>.</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Corée du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jung, Kyoung Sub" sort="Jung, Kyoung Sub" uniqKey="Jung K" first="Kyoung-Sub" last="Jung">Kyoung-Sub Jung</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af2-ajas-27-11-1548">Chungbuk Institute of Livestock and Veterinary Research, Cheongwon, Chungbuk 363-931,<country>Korea</country>.</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Corée du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bae, Kyoung Hun" sort="Bae, Kyoung Hun" uniqKey="Bae K" first="Kyoung Hun" last="Bae">Kyoung Hun Bae</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af3-ajas-27-11-1548">Jeju Special Self-Governing Province Livestock Promotion, Jeju 690-802,<country>Korea</country>.</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Corée du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kim, Jae Hwan" sort="Kim, Jae Hwan" uniqKey="Kim J" first="Jae-Hwan" last="Kim">Jae-Hwan Kim</name></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">25358313</idno><idno type="pmc">4213698</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4213698</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:4213698</idno><idno type="doi">10.5713/ajas.2014.14435</idno><date when="2014">2014</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">000134</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">000134</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Curation">000134</idno><idno 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sortKey="Choi, Seong Bok" sort="Choi, Seong Bok" uniqKey="Choi S" first="Seong-Bok" last="Choi">Seong-Bok Choi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ko, Yeoung Gyu" sort="Ko, Yeoung Gyu" uniqKey="Ko Y" first="Yeoung-Gyu" last="Ko">Yeoung-Gyu Ko</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lee, Chang Woo" sort="Lee, Chang Woo" uniqKey="Lee C" first="Chang Woo" last="Lee">Chang Woo Lee</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af1-ajas-27-11-1548">Gangwon Provincial Livestock Research Center, Hoengseong, Gangwon 225-831,<country>Korea</country>.</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Corée du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jung, Kyoung Sub" sort="Jung, Kyoung Sub" uniqKey="Jung K" first="Kyoung-Sub" last="Jung">Kyoung-Sub Jung</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af2-ajas-27-11-1548">Chungbuk Institute of Livestock and Veterinary Research, Cheongwon, Chungbuk 363-931,<country>Korea</country>.</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Corée du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bae, Kyoung Hun" sort="Bae, Kyoung Hun" uniqKey="Bae K" first="Kyoung Hun" last="Bae">Kyoung Hun Bae</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af3-ajas-27-11-1548">Jeju Special Self-Governing Province Livestock Promotion, Jeju 690-802,<country>Korea</country>.</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Corée du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kim, Jae Hwan" sort="Kim, Jae Hwan" uniqKey="Kim J" first="Jae-Hwan" last="Kim">Jae-Hwan Kim</name></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences</title><idno type="ISSN">1011-2367</idno><idno type="eISSN">1976-5517</idno><imprint><date when="2014">2014</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>Four Korean native cattle (KNC) breeds—Hanwoo, Chikso, Heugu, and Jeju black—are entered in the Domestic Animal Diversity Information System of the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). The objective of this study was to assess the genetic diversity, phylogenetic relationships and population structure of these KNC breeds (n = 120) and exotic breeds (Holstein and Charolais, n = 56). Thirty microsatellite loci recommended by the International Society for Animal Genetics/FAO were genotyped. These genotypes were used to determine the allele frequencies, allelic richness, heterozygosity and polymorphism information content per locus and breed. Genetic diversity was lower in Heugu and Jeju black breeds. Phylogenetic analysis, Factorial Correspondence Analysis and genetic clustering grouped each breed in its own cluster, which supported the genetic uniqueness of the KNC breeds. 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<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Asian-Australas J Anim Sci</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Asian-australas. J. Anim. Sci</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1011-2367</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1976-5517</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Asian-Australasian Association of Animal Production Societies (AAAP) and Korean Society of Animal Science and Technology (KSAST)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">25358313</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">4213698</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5713/ajas.2014.14435</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">ajas-27-11-1548</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Assessment of Genetic Diversity, Relationships and Structure among Korean Native Cattle Breeds Using Microsatellite Markers</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Suh</surname><given-names>Sangwon</given-names></name></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Kim</surname><given-names>Young-Sin</given-names></name></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Cho</surname><given-names>Chang-Yeon</given-names></name></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Byun</surname><given-names>Mi-Jeong</given-names></name></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Choi</surname><given-names>Seong-Bok</given-names></name></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Ko</surname><given-names>Yeoung-Gyu</given-names></name></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Lee</surname><given-names>Chang Woo</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af1-ajas-27-11-1548">1</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Jung</surname><given-names>Kyoung-Sub</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af2-ajas-27-11-1548">2</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Bae</surname><given-names>Kyoung Hun</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af3-ajas-27-11-1548">3</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Kim</surname><given-names>Jae-Hwan</given-names></name><xref rid="c1-ajas-27-11-1548" ref-type="corresp">*</xref></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="af1-ajas-27-11-1548"><label>1</label>Gangwon Provincial Livestock Research Center, Hoengseong, Gangwon 225-831,<country>Korea</country>.</aff><aff id="af2-ajas-27-11-1548"><label>2</label>Chungbuk Institute of Livestock and Veterinary Research, Cheongwon, Chungbuk 363-931,<country>Korea</country>.</aff><aff id="af3-ajas-27-11-1548"><label>3</label>Jeju Special Self-Governing Province Livestock Promotion, Jeju 690-802,<country>Korea</country>.</aff><author-notes><corresp id="c1-ajas-27-11-1548"><label>*</label>Corresponding Author: Jae-Hwan Kim. Tel: +82-636203522, Fax: +82-636203590, E-mail: <email>jkim3892@korea.kr</email></corresp><fn id="fn1-ajas-27-11-1548"><p>Animal Genetic Resources Station, National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Namwon 590-832, Korea</p></fn></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="ppub"><month>11</month><year>2014</year></pub-date><volume>27</volume><issue>11</issue><fpage>1548</fpage><lpage>1553</lpage><history><date date-type="received"><day>12</day><month>6</month><year>2014</year></date><date date-type="rev-recd"><day>27</day><month>8</month><year>2014</year></date><date date-type="accepted"><day>23</day><month>9</month><year>2014</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright © 2014 by Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2014</copyright-year><license><license-p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/</ext-link> which permits unrestricted noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.</license-p></license></permissions><abstract><p>Four Korean native cattle (KNC) breeds—Hanwoo, Chikso, Heugu, and Jeju black—are entered in the Domestic Animal Diversity Information System of the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). The objective of this study was to assess the genetic diversity, phylogenetic relationships and population structure of these KNC breeds (n = 120) and exotic breeds (Holstein and Charolais, n = 56). Thirty microsatellite loci recommended by the International Society for Animal Genetics/FAO were genotyped. These genotypes were used to determine the allele frequencies, allelic richness, heterozygosity and polymorphism information content per locus and breed. Genetic diversity was lower in Heugu and Jeju black breeds. Phylogenetic analysis, Factorial Correspondence Analysis and genetic clustering grouped each breed in its own cluster, which supported the genetic uniqueness of the KNC breeds. These results will be useful for conservation and management of KNC breeds as animal genetic resources.</p></abstract><kwd-group><kwd>Korean Native Cattle Breeds</kwd><kwd>Microsatellite</kwd><kwd>Genetic Diversity</kwd><kwd>Relationships</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><floats-group><fig id="f1-ajas-27-11-1548" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure 1</label><caption><p>Different coat color phenotypes of the Korean native cattle breed; (a) Hanwoo, (b) Chikso, (c) Heugu, (d) Jeju black.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="ajas-27-11-1548f1"></graphic></fig><fig id="f2-ajas-27-11-1548" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure 2</label><caption><p>Phylogenetic tree constructed from <italic>D</italic><italic><sub>A</sub></italic> by the neighbor-joining method showing the genetic relationships among six cattle breeds. The values at the nodes are the percentages of bootstrap values from 1,000 replications of re-samplings. HW, Hanwoo; CS, Chikso; HU, Heugu; JJ, Jeju black; HT, Holstein; CR, Charolais.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="ajas-27-11-1548f2"></graphic></fig><fig id="f3-ajas-27-11-1548" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure 3</label><caption><p>Factorial Correspondence Analysis of individual cattle microsatellite genotypes calculated using GENETIX. HW, Hanwoo; CS, Chikso; HU, Heugu; JJ, Jeju black; HT, Holstein; CR, Charolais.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="ajas-27-11-1548f3"></graphic></fig><fig id="f4-ajas-27-11-1548" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure 4</label><caption><p>Population structure of the analyzed six cattle breeds without prior population affiliation using a model-based clustering method implemented in STRUCTURE for <italic>K</italic> = 2 to <italic>K</italic> = 6. Each column represents the proportion in which an individual belongs to a different coloured cluster. HW, Hanwoo; CS, Chikso; HU, Heugu; JJ, Jeju black; HT, Holstein; CR, Charolais.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="ajas-27-11-1548f4"></graphic></fig><table-wrap id="t1-ajas-27-11-1548" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Table 1</label><caption><p>Polymorphism of 30 microsatellite loci across the four Korean cattle breeds</p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th valign="middle" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Locus</th><th valign="middle" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Allele range (bp)</th><th valign="middle" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">TNA</th><th valign="middle" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">H<sub>Exp</sub></th><th valign="middle" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">H<sub>Obs</sub></th><th valign="middle" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">PIC</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">BM1818</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">256–276</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">10</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.647</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.529</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.578</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">BM1824</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">178–192</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">8</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.725</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.597</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.692</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">BM2113</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">122–140</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">10</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.715</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.692</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.671</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">CSRM60</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">85–105</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">10</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.721</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.855</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.697</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">CSSM66</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">177–201</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">12</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.867</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.817</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.849</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">ETH3</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">113–127</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.743</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.750</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.701</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">ETH10</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">207–225</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">10</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.677</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.658</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.636</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">ETH152</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">193–203</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.661</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.588</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.612</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">ETH185</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">227–245</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">9</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.804</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.724</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.772</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">ETH225</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">139–157</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">8</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.769</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.712</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.733</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">HAUT24</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">106–128</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">10</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.760</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.678</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.719</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">HAUT27</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">140–156</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">9</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.614</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.602</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.535</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">HEL1</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">102–112</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.737</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.742</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.690</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">HEL5</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">142–168</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">11</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.859</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.786</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.839</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">HEL9</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">143–169</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">10</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.732</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.669</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.699</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">HEL13</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">182–192</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.485</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.271</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.413</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">ILSTS005</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">183–189</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.473</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.454</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.375</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">ILSTS006</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">277–303</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">12</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.723</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.639</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.686</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">INRA005</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">133–149</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">8</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.737</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.767</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.689</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">INRA023</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">195–215</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">11</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.802</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.795</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.770</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">INRA032</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">175–187</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.707</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.655</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.658</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">INRA035</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">100–120</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.674</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.174</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.610</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">INRA037</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">120–150</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">11</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.826</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.771</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.803</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">INRA063</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">174–184</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.708</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.653</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.652</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">MM12</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">106–128</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">10</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.641</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.681</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.606</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">SPS115</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">246–258</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.784</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.767</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.746</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">TGLA53</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">153–185</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">16</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.893</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.846</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.880</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">TGLA122</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">129–181</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">17</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.838</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.672</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.815</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">TGLA126</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">116–134</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">8</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.804</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.746</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.772</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">TGLA227</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">77–109</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">15</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.852</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.725</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.833</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Mean</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">9.20</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.733</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.667</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.691</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">SE</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.58</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.018</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.028</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.021</td></tr></tbody></table><table-wrap-foot><fn id="tfn1-ajas-27-11-1548"><p>TNA, total number of alleles per locus, across breeds; H<sub>Exp</sub>, expected heterozygosity frequency, average across breeds; H<sub>Obs</sub>, observed heterozygosity frequency, average across breeds; PIC, polymorphism information content, average across breeds; SE, standard error.</p></fn></table-wrap-foot></table-wrap><table-wrap id="t2-ajas-27-11-1548" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Table 2</label><caption><p>Genetic diversity parameters estimated for 30 microsatellite loci in four Korean native cattle breeds</p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th valign="bottom" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Breed</th><th valign="bottom" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">N</th><th valign="bottom" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">TNA</th><th valign="bottom" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">MNA</th><th valign="bottom" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">A<sub>R</sub></th><th valign="bottom" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">H<sub>Exp</sub></th><th valign="bottom" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">H<sub>Obs</sub></th><th valign="bottom" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">PIC</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Hanwoo</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">30</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">209</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6.97±0.41</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6.42±0.37</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.713±0.025</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.680±0.033</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.665±0.026</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Chikso</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">30</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">200</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6.67±0.39</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6.12±0.33</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.708±0.023</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.683±0.031</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.654±0.024</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Heugu</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">30</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">142</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4.73±0.32</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4.39±0.28</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.619±0.025</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.625±0.041</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.554±0.027</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Jeju black</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">30</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">160</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5.33±0.43</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4.91±0.37</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.604±0.029</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.613±0.034</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.543±0.029</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Total/mean</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">120</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">276</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5.93±0.53</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5.46±0.48</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.661±0.029</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.650±0.018</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.604±0.032</td></tr></tbody></table><table-wrap-foot><fn id="tfn2-ajas-27-11-1548"><p>N, number of animals; TNA, total number of alleles with standard error; MNA, mean number of alleles with standard error; A<sub>R</sub>, allelic richness with standard error; H<sub>Exp</sub>, expected heterozygosity with standard error; H<sub>Obs</sub>, observed heterozygosity with standard error; PIC, polymorphism information content with standard error.</p></fn></table-wrap-foot></table-wrap><table-wrap id="t3-ajas-27-11-1548" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Table 3</label><caption><p>Nei’s genetic distance (<italic>D</italic><italic><sub>A</sub></italic>) values among six cattle breeds. Maximum and minimum values are shown in bold</p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th valign="bottom" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></th><th colspan="6" valign="bottom" align="center" rowspan="1">Breed</th></tr><tr><th valign="bottom" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></th><th colspan="6" valign="bottom" align="left" rowspan="1"><hr></hr></th></tr><tr><th valign="bottom" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></th><th valign="bottom" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">HW</th><th valign="bottom" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">CS</th><th valign="bottom" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">HU</th><th valign="bottom" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">JJ</th><th valign="bottom" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">HT</th><th valign="bottom" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">CR</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">HW</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">-</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">CS</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>0.129</bold></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">-</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">HU</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.185</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.193</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">-</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">JJ</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.181</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.180</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.265</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">-</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">HT</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.239</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.227</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.311</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>0.316</bold></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">-</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">CR</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.194</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.193</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.274</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.255</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.188</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">-</td></tr></tbody></table><table-wrap-foot><fn id="tfn3-ajas-27-11-1548"><p>HW, Hanwoo; CS, Chikso; HU, Heugu; JJ, Jeju black; HT, Holstein; CR, Charolais.</p></fn></table-wrap-foot></table-wrap><table-wrap id="t4-ajas-27-11-1548" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Table 4</label><caption><p>Population of membership of each the six cattle population genotypes with the ISAG/FAO recommended 30 microsatellite markers in the six inferred clusters using STRUCTURE analysis</p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th valign="middle" rowspan="3" align="left" colspan="1">Breed</th><th colspan="6" valign="middle" align="center" rowspan="1">Inferred clusters</th><th valign="middle" rowspan="3" align="center" colspan="1">Number of Individuals</th></tr><tr><th colspan="6" valign="middle" align="left" rowspan="1"><hr></hr></th></tr><tr><th valign="middle" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</th><th valign="middle" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2</th><th valign="middle" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3</th><th valign="middle" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4</th><th valign="middle" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5</th><th valign="middle" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">HW</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>0.914</bold></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.010</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.022</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.005</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.023</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.026</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">30</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">CS</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.060</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.010</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>0.893</bold></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.008</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.013</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.016</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">30</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">HU</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.011</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.005</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.035</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.009</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.019</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>0.921</bold></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">30</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">JJ</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.043</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.013</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.022</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.005</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>0.910</bold></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.007</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">30</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">HT</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.008</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.008</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.014</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>0.958</bold></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.005</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.007</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">30</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">CR</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.010</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>0.934</bold></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.009</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.032</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.006</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.010</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">26</td></tr></tbody></table><table-wrap-foot><fn id="tfn4-ajas-27-11-1548"><p>ISAG/FAO, International Society for Animal Genetics/Food and Agriculture Organization; HW, Hanwoo; CS, Chikso; HU, Heugu; JJ, Jeju black; HT, Holstein; CR, Charolais.</p></fn></table-wrap-foot></table-wrap></floats-group></pmc><affiliations><list><country><li>Corée du Sud</li></country></list><tree><noCountry><name sortKey="Byun, Mi Jeong" sort="Byun, Mi Jeong" uniqKey="Byun M" first="Mi-Jeong" last="Byun">Mi-Jeong Byun</name><name sortKey="Cho, Chang Yeon" sort="Cho, Chang Yeon" uniqKey="Cho C" first="Chang-Yeon" last="Cho">Chang-Yeon Cho</name><name sortKey="Choi, Seong Bok" sort="Choi, Seong Bok" uniqKey="Choi S" first="Seong-Bok" last="Choi">Seong-Bok Choi</name><name sortKey="Kim, Jae Hwan" sort="Kim, Jae Hwan" uniqKey="Kim J" first="Jae-Hwan" last="Kim">Jae-Hwan Kim</name><name sortKey="Kim, Young Sin" sort="Kim, Young Sin" uniqKey="Kim Y" first="Young-Sin" last="Kim">Young-Sin Kim</name><name sortKey="Ko, Yeoung Gyu" sort="Ko, Yeoung Gyu" uniqKey="Ko Y" first="Yeoung-Gyu" last="Ko">Yeoung-Gyu Ko</name><name sortKey="Suh, Sangwon" sort="Suh, Sangwon" uniqKey="Suh S" first="Sangwon" last="Suh">Sangwon Suh</name></noCountry><country name="Corée du Sud"><noRegion><name sortKey="Lee, Chang Woo" sort="Lee, Chang Woo" uniqKey="Lee C" first="Chang Woo" last="Lee">Chang Woo Lee</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Bae, Kyoung Hun" sort="Bae, Kyoung Hun" uniqKey="Bae K" first="Kyoung Hun" last="Bae">Kyoung Hun Bae</name><name sortKey="Jung, Kyoung Sub" sort="Jung, Kyoung Sub" uniqKey="Jung K" first="Kyoung-Sub" last="Jung">Kyoung-Sub Jung</name></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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