Genetic basis of nitrogen use efficiency and yield stability across environments in winter rapeseed
Identifieur interne : 000019 ( Pmc/Checkpoint ); précédent : 000018; suivant : 000020Genetic basis of nitrogen use efficiency and yield stability across environments in winter rapeseed
Auteurs : Anne-Sophie Bouchet [France] ; Anne Laperche [France] ; Christine Bissuel-Belaygue [France] ; Cécile Baron [France] ; Jérôme Morice [France] ; Mathieu Rousseau-Gueutin [France] ; Jean-Eric Dheu [France] ; Pierre George [France] ; Xavier Pinochet [France] ; Thomas Foubert [France] ; Olivier Maes [France] ; Damien Dugué [France] ; Florent Guinot [France] ; Nathalie Nesi [France]Source :
- BMC Genetics [ 1471-2156 ] ; 2016.
Abstract
Nitrogen use efficiency is an important breeding trait that can be modified to improve the sustainability of many crop species used in agriculture. Rapeseed is a major oil crop with low nitrogen use efficiency, making its production highly dependent on nitrogen input. This complex trait is suspected to be sensitive to genotype × environment interactions, especially genotype × nitrogen interactions. Therefore, phenotyping diverse rapeseed populations under a dense network of trials is a powerful approach to study nitrogen use efficiency in this crop. The present study aimed to determine the quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with yield in winter oilseed rape and to assess the stability of these regions under contrasting nitrogen conditions for the purpose of increasing nitrogen use efficiency.
Genome-wide association studies and linkage analyses were performed on two diversity sets and two doubled-haploid populations. These populations were densely genotyped, and yield-related traits were scored in a multi-environment design including seven French locations, six growing seasons (2009 to 2014) and two nitrogen nutrition levels (optimal versus limited). Very few genotype × nitrogen interactions were detected, and a large proportion of the QTL were stable across nitrogen nutrition conditions. In contrast, strong genotype × trial interactions in which most of the QTL were specific to a single trial were found. To obtain further insight into the QTL × environment interactions, genetic analyses of ecovalence were performed to identify the genomic regions contributing to the genotype × nitrogen and genotype × trial interactions. Fifty-one critical genomic regions contributing to the additive genetic control of yield-associated traits were identified, and the structural organization of these regions in the genome was investigated.
Our results demonstrated that the effect of the trial was greater than the effect of nitrogen nutrition levels on seed yield-related traits under our experimental conditions. Nevertheless, critical genomic regions associated with yield that were stable across environments were identified in rapeseed.
The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12863-016-0432-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Url:
DOI: 10.1186/s12863-016-0432-z
PubMed: 27628849
PubMed Central: 5024496
Affiliations:
- France
- Aquitaine, Midi-Pyrénées, Nouvelle-Aquitaine, Occitanie (région administrative), Région Bretagne, Île-de-France
- Mondonville, Mont de Marsan, Rodez, Saint-Sauveur, Thiverval Grignon, Verneuil-l’Etang, le Rheu
Links toward previous steps (curation, corpus...)
Links to Exploration step
PMC:5024496Le document en format XML
<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Genetic basis of nitrogen use efficiency and yield stability across environments in winter rapeseed</title><author><name sortKey="Bouchet, Anne Sophie" sort="Bouchet, Anne Sophie" uniqKey="Bouchet A" first="Anne-Sophie" last="Bouchet">Anne-Sophie Bouchet</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="Aff1">INRA, UMR 1349 IGEPP, BP 35327, 35650 le Rheu, France</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>INRA, UMR 1349 IGEPP, BP 35327, 35650 le Rheu</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region" nuts="2">Région Bretagne</region><settlement type="city">le Rheu</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Laperche, Anne" sort="Laperche, Anne" uniqKey="Laperche A" first="Anne" last="Laperche">Anne Laperche</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="Aff2">AGROCAMPUS OUEST, UMR 1349 IGEPP, BP 35327, 35650 le Rheu, France</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>AGROCAMPUS OUEST, UMR 1349 IGEPP, BP 35327, 35650 le Rheu</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region" nuts="2">Région Bretagne</region><settlement type="city">le Rheu</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bissuel Belaygue, Christine" sort="Bissuel Belaygue, Christine" uniqKey="Bissuel Belaygue C" first="Christine" last="Bissuel-Belaygue">Christine Bissuel-Belaygue</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="Aff2">AGROCAMPUS OUEST, UMR 1349 IGEPP, BP 35327, 35650 le Rheu, France</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>AGROCAMPUS OUEST, UMR 1349 IGEPP, BP 35327, 35650 le Rheu</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region" nuts="2">Région Bretagne</region><settlement type="city">le Rheu</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Baron, Cecile" sort="Baron, Cecile" uniqKey="Baron C" first="Cécile" last="Baron">Cécile Baron</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="Aff1">INRA, UMR 1349 IGEPP, BP 35327, 35650 le Rheu, France</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>INRA, UMR 1349 IGEPP, BP 35327, 35650 le Rheu</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region" nuts="2">Région Bretagne</region><settlement type="city">le Rheu</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Morice, Jerome" sort="Morice, Jerome" uniqKey="Morice J" first="Jérôme" last="Morice">Jérôme Morice</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="Aff1">INRA, UMR 1349 IGEPP, BP 35327, 35650 le Rheu, France</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>INRA, UMR 1349 IGEPP, BP 35327, 35650 le Rheu</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region" nuts="2">Région Bretagne</region><settlement type="city">le Rheu</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rousseau Gueutin, Mathieu" sort="Rousseau Gueutin, Mathieu" uniqKey="Rousseau Gueutin M" first="Mathieu" last="Rousseau-Gueutin">Mathieu Rousseau-Gueutin</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="Aff1">INRA, UMR 1349 IGEPP, BP 35327, 35650 le Rheu, France</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>INRA, UMR 1349 IGEPP, BP 35327, 35650 le Rheu</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region" nuts="2">Région Bretagne</region><settlement type="city">le Rheu</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dheu, Jean Eric" sort="Dheu, Jean Eric" uniqKey="Dheu J" first="Jean-Eric" last="Dheu">Jean-Eric Dheu</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="Aff3">Limagrain Europe, Ferme de l’Etang, 77390 Verneuil-l’Etang, France</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Limagrain Europe, Ferme de l’Etang, 77390 Verneuil-l’Etang</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region" nuts="2">Île-de-France</region><settlement type="city">Verneuil-l’Etang</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="George, Pierre" sort="George, Pierre" uniqKey="George P" first="Pierre" last="George">Pierre George</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="Aff4">Biogemma, Chemin de Panedautes, 31700 Mondonville, France</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Biogemma, Chemin de Panedautes, 31700 Mondonville</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region" nuts="2">Occitanie (région administrative)</region><region type="old region" nuts="2">Midi-Pyrénées</region><settlement type="city">Mondonville</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pinochet, Xavier" sort="Pinochet, Xavier" uniqKey="Pinochet X" first="Xavier" last="Pinochet">Xavier Pinochet</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="Aff5">Terres Inovia, Avenue Lucien Brétignières, 78850 Thiverval Grignon, France</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Terres Inovia, Avenue Lucien Brétignières, 78850 Thiverval Grignon</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region" nuts="2">Île-de-France</region><settlement type="city">Thiverval Grignon</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Foubert, Thomas" sort="Foubert, Thomas" uniqKey="Foubert T" first="Thomas" last="Foubert">Thomas Foubert</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="Aff6">Euralis, Chemin de Panedautes, 31700 Mondonville, France</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Euralis, Chemin de Panedautes, 31700 Mondonville</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region" nuts="2">Occitanie (région administrative)</region><region type="old region" nuts="2">Midi-Pyrénées</region><settlement type="city">Mondonville</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Maes, Olivier" sort="Maes, Olivier" uniqKey="Maes O" first="Olivier" last="Maes">Olivier Maes</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="Aff7">Maisadour Semences, Route de Saint Sever, BP27, 40001 Mont de Marsan Cedex, France</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Maisadour Semences, Route de Saint Sever, BP27, 40001 Mont de Marsan Cedex</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region" nuts="2">Nouvelle-Aquitaine</region><region type="old region" nuts="2">Aquitaine</region><settlement type="city">Mont de Marsan</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dugue, Damien" sort="Dugue, Damien" uniqKey="Dugue D" first="Damien" last="Dugué">Damien Dugué</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="Aff8">RAGT R2n, Rue Emile Singla, BP 3331, 12033 Rodez, France</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>RAGT R2n, Rue Emile Singla, BP 3331, 12033 Rodez</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region" nuts="2">Occitanie (région administrative)</region><region type="old region" nuts="2">Midi-Pyrénées</region><settlement type="city">Rodez</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Guinot, Florent" sort="Guinot, Florent" uniqKey="Guinot F" first="Florent" last="Guinot">Florent Guinot</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="Aff9">Syngenta, Chemin de l’Hobit, 31790 Saint-Sauveur, France</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Syngenta, Chemin de l’Hobit, 31790 Saint-Sauveur</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region" nuts="2">Occitanie (région administrative)</region><region type="old region" nuts="2">Midi-Pyrénées</region><settlement type="city">Saint-Sauveur</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nesi, Nathalie" sort="Nesi, Nathalie" uniqKey="Nesi N" first="Nathalie" last="Nesi">Nathalie Nesi</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="Aff1">INRA, UMR 1349 IGEPP, BP 35327, 35650 le Rheu, France</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>INRA, UMR 1349 IGEPP, BP 35327, 35650 le Rheu</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region" nuts="2">Région Bretagne</region><settlement type="city">le Rheu</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">27628849</idno><idno type="pmc">5024496</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5024496</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:5024496</idno><idno type="doi">10.1186/s12863-016-0432-z</idno><date when="2016">2016</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">000049</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">000049</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Curation">000049</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Curation">000049</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Checkpoint">000019</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Checkpoint">000019</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Genetic basis of nitrogen use efficiency and yield stability across environments in winter rapeseed</title><author><name sortKey="Bouchet, Anne Sophie" sort="Bouchet, Anne Sophie" uniqKey="Bouchet A" first="Anne-Sophie" last="Bouchet">Anne-Sophie Bouchet</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="Aff1">INRA, UMR 1349 IGEPP, BP 35327, 35650 le Rheu, France</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>INRA, UMR 1349 IGEPP, BP 35327, 35650 le Rheu</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region" nuts="2">Région Bretagne</region><settlement type="city">le Rheu</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Laperche, Anne" sort="Laperche, Anne" uniqKey="Laperche A" first="Anne" last="Laperche">Anne Laperche</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="Aff2">AGROCAMPUS OUEST, UMR 1349 IGEPP, BP 35327, 35650 le Rheu, France</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>AGROCAMPUS OUEST, UMR 1349 IGEPP, BP 35327, 35650 le Rheu</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region" nuts="2">Région Bretagne</region><settlement type="city">le Rheu</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bissuel Belaygue, Christine" sort="Bissuel Belaygue, Christine" uniqKey="Bissuel Belaygue C" first="Christine" last="Bissuel-Belaygue">Christine Bissuel-Belaygue</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="Aff2">AGROCAMPUS OUEST, UMR 1349 IGEPP, BP 35327, 35650 le Rheu, France</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>AGROCAMPUS OUEST, UMR 1349 IGEPP, BP 35327, 35650 le Rheu</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region" nuts="2">Région Bretagne</region><settlement type="city">le Rheu</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Baron, Cecile" sort="Baron, Cecile" uniqKey="Baron C" first="Cécile" last="Baron">Cécile Baron</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="Aff1">INRA, UMR 1349 IGEPP, BP 35327, 35650 le Rheu, France</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>INRA, UMR 1349 IGEPP, BP 35327, 35650 le Rheu</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region" nuts="2">Région Bretagne</region><settlement type="city">le Rheu</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Morice, Jerome" sort="Morice, Jerome" uniqKey="Morice J" first="Jérôme" last="Morice">Jérôme Morice</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="Aff1">INRA, UMR 1349 IGEPP, BP 35327, 35650 le Rheu, France</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>INRA, UMR 1349 IGEPP, BP 35327, 35650 le Rheu</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region" nuts="2">Région Bretagne</region><settlement type="city">le Rheu</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rousseau Gueutin, Mathieu" sort="Rousseau Gueutin, Mathieu" uniqKey="Rousseau Gueutin M" first="Mathieu" last="Rousseau-Gueutin">Mathieu Rousseau-Gueutin</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="Aff1">INRA, UMR 1349 IGEPP, BP 35327, 35650 le Rheu, France</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>INRA, UMR 1349 IGEPP, BP 35327, 35650 le Rheu</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region" nuts="2">Région Bretagne</region><settlement type="city">le Rheu</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dheu, Jean Eric" sort="Dheu, Jean Eric" uniqKey="Dheu J" first="Jean-Eric" last="Dheu">Jean-Eric Dheu</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="Aff3">Limagrain Europe, Ferme de l’Etang, 77390 Verneuil-l’Etang, France</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Limagrain Europe, Ferme de l’Etang, 77390 Verneuil-l’Etang</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region" nuts="2">Île-de-France</region><settlement type="city">Verneuil-l’Etang</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="George, Pierre" sort="George, Pierre" uniqKey="George P" first="Pierre" last="George">Pierre George</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="Aff4">Biogemma, Chemin de Panedautes, 31700 Mondonville, France</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Biogemma, Chemin de Panedautes, 31700 Mondonville</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region" nuts="2">Occitanie (région administrative)</region><region type="old region" nuts="2">Midi-Pyrénées</region><settlement type="city">Mondonville</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pinochet, Xavier" sort="Pinochet, Xavier" uniqKey="Pinochet X" first="Xavier" last="Pinochet">Xavier Pinochet</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="Aff5">Terres Inovia, Avenue Lucien Brétignières, 78850 Thiverval Grignon, France</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Terres Inovia, Avenue Lucien Brétignières, 78850 Thiverval Grignon</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region" nuts="2">Île-de-France</region><settlement type="city">Thiverval Grignon</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Foubert, Thomas" sort="Foubert, Thomas" uniqKey="Foubert T" first="Thomas" last="Foubert">Thomas Foubert</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="Aff6">Euralis, Chemin de Panedautes, 31700 Mondonville, France</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Euralis, Chemin de Panedautes, 31700 Mondonville</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region" nuts="2">Occitanie (région administrative)</region><region type="old region" nuts="2">Midi-Pyrénées</region><settlement type="city">Mondonville</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Maes, Olivier" sort="Maes, Olivier" uniqKey="Maes O" first="Olivier" last="Maes">Olivier Maes</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="Aff7">Maisadour Semences, Route de Saint Sever, BP27, 40001 Mont de Marsan Cedex, France</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Maisadour Semences, Route de Saint Sever, BP27, 40001 Mont de Marsan Cedex</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region" nuts="2">Nouvelle-Aquitaine</region><region type="old region" nuts="2">Aquitaine</region><settlement type="city">Mont de Marsan</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dugue, Damien" sort="Dugue, Damien" uniqKey="Dugue D" first="Damien" last="Dugué">Damien Dugué</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="Aff8">RAGT R2n, Rue Emile Singla, BP 3331, 12033 Rodez, France</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>RAGT R2n, Rue Emile Singla, BP 3331, 12033 Rodez</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region" nuts="2">Occitanie (région administrative)</region><region type="old region" nuts="2">Midi-Pyrénées</region><settlement type="city">Rodez</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Guinot, Florent" sort="Guinot, Florent" uniqKey="Guinot F" first="Florent" last="Guinot">Florent Guinot</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="Aff9">Syngenta, Chemin de l’Hobit, 31790 Saint-Sauveur, France</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Syngenta, Chemin de l’Hobit, 31790 Saint-Sauveur</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region" nuts="2">Occitanie (région administrative)</region><region type="old region" nuts="2">Midi-Pyrénées</region><settlement type="city">Saint-Sauveur</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nesi, Nathalie" sort="Nesi, Nathalie" uniqKey="Nesi N" first="Nathalie" last="Nesi">Nathalie Nesi</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="Aff1">INRA, UMR 1349 IGEPP, BP 35327, 35650 le Rheu, France</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>INRA, UMR 1349 IGEPP, BP 35327, 35650 le Rheu</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region" nuts="2">Région Bretagne</region><settlement type="city">le Rheu</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">BMC Genetics</title><idno type="eISSN">1471-2156</idno><imprint><date when="2016">2016</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Background</title><p>Nitrogen use efficiency is an important breeding trait that can be modified to improve the sustainability of many crop species used in agriculture. Rapeseed is a major oil crop with low nitrogen use efficiency, making its production highly dependent on nitrogen input. This complex trait is suspected to be sensitive to genotype × environment interactions, especially genotype × nitrogen interactions. Therefore, phenotyping diverse rapeseed populations under a dense network of trials is a powerful approach to study nitrogen use efficiency in this crop. The present study aimed to determine the quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with yield in winter oilseed rape and to assess the stability of these regions under contrasting nitrogen conditions for the purpose of increasing nitrogen use efficiency.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Genome-wide association studies and linkage analyses were performed on two diversity sets and two doubled-haploid populations. These populations were densely genotyped, and yield-related traits were scored in a multi-environment design including seven French locations, six growing seasons (2009 to 2014) and two nitrogen nutrition levels (optimal versus limited). Very few genotype × nitrogen interactions were detected, and a large proportion of the QTL were stable across nitrogen nutrition conditions. In contrast, strong genotype × trial interactions in which most of the QTL were specific to a single trial were found. To obtain further insight into the QTL × environment interactions, genetic analyses of ecovalence were performed to identify the genomic regions contributing to the genotype × nitrogen and genotype × trial interactions. Fifty-one critical genomic regions contributing to the additive genetic control of yield-associated traits were identified, and the structural organization of these regions in the genome was investigated.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>Our results demonstrated that the effect of the trial was greater than the effect of nitrogen nutrition levels on seed yield-related traits under our experimental conditions. Nevertheless, critical genomic regions associated with yield that were stable across environments were identified in rapeseed.</p></sec><sec><title>Electronic supplementary material</title><p>The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12863-016-0432-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.</p></sec></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Rathke, Gw" uniqKey="Rathke G">GW Rathke</name></author><author><name sortKey="Christen, O" uniqKey="Christen O">O Christen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Diepenbrock, W" uniqKey="Diepenbrock W">W Diepenbrock</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Hirel, B" uniqKey="Hirel B">B Hirel</name></author><author><name sortKey="Le Gouis, J" uniqKey="Le Gouis J">J Le Gouis</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ney, B" uniqKey="Ney B">B Ney</name></author><author><name sortKey="Gallais, A" uniqKey="Gallais A">A Gallais</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Moll, Rh" uniqKey="Moll R">RH Moll</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kamprath, Ej" uniqKey="Kamprath E">EJ Kamprath</name></author><author><name sortKey="Jackson, Wa" uniqKey="Jackson W">WA Jackson</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Malagoli, P" uniqKey="Malagoli P">P Malagoli</name></author><author><name sortKey="Laine, P" uniqKey="Laine P">P Laine</name></author><author><name sortKey="Rossato, L" uniqKey="Rossato L">L Rossato</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ourry, A" uniqKey="Ourry A">A Ourry</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Good, Ag" uniqKey="Good A">AG Good</name></author><author><name sortKey="Shrawat, Ak" uniqKey="Shrawat A">AK Shrawat</name></author><author><name sortKey="Muench, Dg" uniqKey="Muench D">DG Muench</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Rathke, Gw" uniqKey="Rathke G">GW Rathke</name></author><author><name sortKey="Behrens, T" uniqKey="Behrens T">T Behrens</name></author><author><name sortKey="Diepenbrock, W" uniqKey="Diepenbrock W">W Diepenbrock</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Delourme, R" uniqKey="Delourme R">R Delourme</name></author><author><name sortKey="Falentin, C" uniqKey="Falentin C">C Falentin</name></author><author><name sortKey="Huteau, V" uniqKey="Huteau V">V Huteau</name></author><author><name sortKey="Clouet, V" uniqKey="Clouet V">V Clouet</name></author><author><name sortKey="Horvais, R" uniqKey="Horvais R">R Horvais</name></author><author><name sortKey="Gandon, B" uniqKey="Gandon B">B Gandon</name></author><author><name sortKey="Specel, S" uniqKey="Specel S">S Specel</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hanneton, L" uniqKey="Hanneton L">L Hanneton</name></author><author><name sortKey="Dheu, Je" uniqKey="Dheu J">JE Dheu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Deschamps, M" uniqKey="Deschamps M">M Deschamps</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Zhao, J" uniqKey="Zhao J">J Zhao</name></author><author><name sortKey="Becker, Hc" uniqKey="Becker H">HC Becker</name></author><author><name sortKey="Zhang, D" uniqKey="Zhang D">D Zhang</name></author><author><name sortKey="Zhang, Y" uniqKey="Zhang Y">Y Zhang</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ecke, W" uniqKey="Ecke W">W Ecke</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Zou, J" uniqKey="Zou J">J Zou</name></author><author><name sortKey="Jiang, C" uniqKey="Jiang C">C Jiang</name></author><author><name sortKey="Cao, Z" uniqKey="Cao Z">Z Cao</name></author><author><name sortKey="Li, R" uniqKey="Li R">R Li</name></author><author><name sortKey="Long, Y" uniqKey="Long Y">Y Long</name></author><author><name sortKey="Chen, S" uniqKey="Chen S">S Chen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Meng, J" uniqKey="Meng J">J Meng</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Li, F" uniqKey="Li F">F Li</name></author><author><name sortKey="Chen, B" uniqKey="Chen B">B Chen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Xu, K" uniqKey="Xu K">K Xu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wu, J" uniqKey="Wu J">J Wu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Song, W" uniqKey="Song W">W Song</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bancroft, I" uniqKey="Bancroft I">I Bancroft</name></author><author><name sortKey="Harper, Al" uniqKey="Harper A">AL Harper</name></author><author><name sortKey="Trick, M" uniqKey="Trick M">M Trick</name></author><author><name sortKey="Liu, S" uniqKey="Liu S">S Liu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Gao, G" uniqKey="Gao G">G Gao</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Gajardo, Ha" uniqKey="Gajardo H">HA Gajardo</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wittkop, B" uniqKey="Wittkop B">B Wittkop</name></author><author><name sortKey="Soto Cerda, B" uniqKey="Soto Cerda B">B Soto-Cerda</name></author><author><name sortKey="Higgins, Ee" uniqKey="Higgins E">EE Higgins</name></author><author><name sortKey="Parkin, Iap" uniqKey="Parkin I">IAP Parkin</name></author><author><name sortKey="Snowdon, Rj" uniqKey="Snowdon R">RJ Snowdon</name></author><author><name sortKey="Federico, Ml" uniqKey="Federico M">ML Federico</name></author><author><name sortKey="Iniguez Luy, Fl" uniqKey="Iniguez Luy F">FL Iniguez-Luy</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Udall, Ja" uniqKey="Udall J">JA Udall</name></author><author><name sortKey="Quijada, Pa" uniqKey="Quijada P">PA Quijada</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lambert, B" uniqKey="Lambert B">B Lambert</name></author><author><name sortKey="Osborn, Tc" uniqKey="Osborn T">TC Osborn</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Basunanda, P" uniqKey="Basunanda P">P Basunanda</name></author><author><name sortKey="Radoev, M" uniqKey="Radoev M">M Radoev</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ecke, W" uniqKey="Ecke W">W Ecke</name></author><author><name sortKey="Friedt, W" uniqKey="Friedt W">W Friedt</name></author><author><name sortKey="Becker, Hc" uniqKey="Becker H">HC Becker</name></author><author><name sortKey="Snowdon, Rj" uniqKey="Snowdon R">RJ Snowdon</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Xu, F" uniqKey="Xu F">F Xu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wang, Yh" uniqKey="Wang Y">YH Wang</name></author><author><name sortKey="Meng, J" uniqKey="Meng J">J Meng</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Kole, C" uniqKey="Kole C">C Kole</name></author><author><name sortKey="Thormann, Ce" uniqKey="Thormann C">CE Thormann</name></author><author><name sortKey="Karlsson, Bh" uniqKey="Karlsson B">BH Karlsson</name></author><author><name sortKey="Palta, Jp" uniqKey="Palta J">JP Palta</name></author><author><name sortKey="Gaffney, P" uniqKey="Gaffney P">P Gaffney</name></author><author><name sortKey="Yandell, B" uniqKey="Yandell B">B Yandell</name></author><author><name sortKey="Osborn, Tc" uniqKey="Osborn T">TC Osborn</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Ding, G" uniqKey="Ding G">G Ding</name></author><author><name sortKey="Zhao, Z" uniqKey="Zhao Z">Z Zhao</name></author><author><name sortKey="Liao, Y" uniqKey="Liao Y">Y Liao</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hu, Y" uniqKey="Hu Y">Y Hu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Shi, L" uniqKey="Shi L">L Shi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Long, Y" uniqKey="Long Y">Y Long</name></author><author><name sortKey="Xu, F" uniqKey="Xu F">F Xu</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Gul, Mk" uniqKey="Gul M">MK Gül</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Miro, B" uniqKey="Miro B">B Miro</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Bouchet, A S" uniqKey="Bouchet A">A-S Bouchet</name></author><author><name sortKey="Nesi, N" uniqKey="Nesi N">N Nesi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bissuel, C" uniqKey="Bissuel C">C Bissuel</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bregeon, M" uniqKey="Bregeon M">M Bregeon</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lariepe, A" uniqKey="Lariepe A">A Lariepe</name></author><author><name sortKey="Navier, H" uniqKey="Navier H">H Navier</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ribiere, N" uniqKey="Ribiere N">N Ribière</name></author><author><name sortKey="Orsel, M" uniqKey="Orsel M">M Orsel</name></author><author><name sortKey="Grezes Besset, B" uniqKey="Grezes Besset B">B Grezes-Besset</name></author><author><name sortKey="Renard, M" uniqKey="Renard M">M Renard</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Wang, G" uniqKey="Wang G">G Wang</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ding, G" uniqKey="Ding G">G Ding</name></author><author><name sortKey="Li, L" uniqKey="Li L">L Li</name></author><author><name sortKey="Cai, H" uniqKey="Cai H">H Cai</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ye, X" uniqKey="Ye X">X Ye</name></author><author><name sortKey="Zou, J" uniqKey="Zou J">J Zou</name></author><author><name sortKey="Xu, F" uniqKey="Xu F">F Xu</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Allard, R" uniqKey="Allard R">R Allard</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bradshaw, A" uniqKey="Bradshaw A">A Bradshaw</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Becker, Hc" uniqKey="Becker H">HC Becker</name></author><author><name sortKey="Leon, J" uniqKey="Leon J">J Léon</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Haldane, Jbs" uniqKey="Haldane J">JBS Haldane</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Perkins, Jm" uniqKey="Perkins J">JM Perkins</name></author><author><name sortKey="Jinks, Jl" uniqKey="Jinks J">JL Jinks</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Finlay, K" uniqKey="Finlay K">K Finlay</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wilkinson, G" uniqKey="Wilkinson G">G Wilkinson</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Denis, Jb" uniqKey="Denis J">JB Denis</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Wricke, G" uniqKey="Wricke G">G Wricke</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Emebiri, Lc" uniqKey="Emebiri L">LC Emebiri</name></author><author><name sortKey="Moody, Db" uniqKey="Moody D">DB Moody</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Edwards, D" uniqKey="Edwards D">D Edwards</name></author><author><name sortKey="Batley, J" uniqKey="Batley J">J Batley</name></author><author><name sortKey="Snowdon, Rj" uniqKey="Snowdon R">RJ Snowdon</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Chalhoub, B" uniqKey="Chalhoub B">B Chalhoub</name></author><author><name sortKey="Denoeud, F" uniqKey="Denoeud F">F Denoeud</name></author><author><name sortKey="Liu, S" uniqKey="Liu S">S Liu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Parkin, Ia" uniqKey="Parkin I">IA Parkin</name></author><author><name sortKey="Tang, H" uniqKey="Tang H">H Tang</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wang, X" uniqKey="Wang X">X Wang</name></author><author><name sortKey="Chiquet, J" uniqKey="Chiquet J">J Chiquet</name></author><author><name sortKey="Belcram, H" uniqKey="Belcram H">H Belcram</name></author><author><name sortKey="Tong, C" uniqKey="Tong C">C Tong</name></author><author><name sortKey="Samans, B" uniqKey="Samans B">B Samans</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Purcell, S" uniqKey="Purcell S">S Purcell</name></author><author><name sortKey="Neale, B" uniqKey="Neale B">B Neale</name></author><author><name sortKey="Todd Brown, K" uniqKey="Todd Brown K">K Todd-Brown</name></author><author><name sortKey="Thomas, L" uniqKey="Thomas L">L Thomas</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ferreira, M" uniqKey="Ferreira M">M Ferreira</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bender, D" uniqKey="Bender D">D Bender</name></author><author><name sortKey="Maller, J" uniqKey="Maller J">J Maller</name></author><author><name sortKey="Sklar, P" uniqKey="Sklar P">P Sklar</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bakker, P" uniqKey="Bakker P">P Bakker</name></author><author><name sortKey="Daly, M" uniqKey="Daly M">M Daly</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Sved, Ja" uniqKey="Sved J">JA Sved</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Zhou, X" uniqKey="Zhou X">X Zhou</name></author><author><name sortKey="Stephens, M" uniqKey="Stephens M">M Stephens</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Rudolph, B" uniqKey="Rudolph B">B Rudolph</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Piquemal, J" uniqKey="Piquemal J">J Piquemal</name></author><author><name sortKey="Cinquin, E" uniqKey="Cinquin E">E Cinquin</name></author><author><name sortKey="Couton, F" uniqKey="Couton F">F Couton</name></author><author><name sortKey="Rondeau, C" uniqKey="Rondeau C">C Rondeau</name></author><author><name sortKey="Seignoret, E" uniqKey="Seignoret E">E Seignoret</name></author><author><name sortKey="Doucet, I" uniqKey="Doucet I">I Doucet</name></author><author><name sortKey="Perret, D" uniqKey="Perret D">D Perret</name></author><author><name sortKey="Villeger, M J" uniqKey="Villeger M">M-J Villeger</name></author><author><name sortKey="Vincourt, P" uniqKey="Vincourt P">P Vincourt</name></author><author><name sortKey="Blanchard, P" uniqKey="Blanchard P">P Blanchard</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Lancashire, Pd" uniqKey="Lancashire P">PD Lancashire</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bleiholder, H" uniqKey="Bleiholder H">H Bleiholder</name></author><author><name sortKey="Boom, Tvd" uniqKey="Boom T">TVD Boom</name></author><author><name sortKey="Langeluddeke, P" uniqKey="Langeluddeke P">P Langelüddeke</name></author><author><name sortKey="Stauss, R" uniqKey="Stauss R">R Stauss</name></author><author><name sortKey="Weber, E" uniqKey="Weber E">E Weber</name></author><author><name sortKey="Witzenberger, A" uniqKey="Witzenberger A">A Witzenberger</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Colnenne, C" uniqKey="Colnenne C">C Colnenne</name></author><author><name sortKey="Meynard, Jm" uniqKey="Meynard J">JM Meynard</name></author><author><name sortKey="Reau, R" uniqKey="Reau R">R Reau</name></author><author><name sortKey="Justes, E" uniqKey="Justes E">E Justes</name></author><author><name sortKey="Merrien, A" uniqKey="Merrien A">A Merrien</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Parnaudeau, V" uniqKey="Parnaudeau V">V Parnaudeau</name></author><author><name sortKey="Jeuffroy, Mh" uniqKey="Jeuffroy M">MH Jeuffroy</name></author><author><name sortKey="Machet, Jm" uniqKey="Machet J">JM Machet</name></author><author><name sortKey="Reau, R" uniqKey="Reau R">R Reau</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bissuel, C" uniqKey="Bissuel C">C Bissuel</name></author><author><name sortKey="Eveillard, P" uniqKey="Eveillard P">P Eveillard</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Zhang, Z" uniqKey="Zhang Z">Z Zhang</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ersoz, E" uniqKey="Ersoz E">E Ersoz</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lai, Cq" uniqKey="Lai C">CQ Lai</name></author><author><name sortKey="Todhunter, Rj" uniqKey="Todhunter R">RJ Todhunter</name></author><author><name sortKey="Tiwari, Hk" uniqKey="Tiwari H">HK Tiwari</name></author><author><name sortKey="Gore, Ma" uniqKey="Gore M">MA Gore</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bradbury, Pj" uniqKey="Bradbury P">PJ Bradbury</name></author><author><name sortKey="Yu, J" uniqKey="Yu J">J Yu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Arnett, Dk" uniqKey="Arnett D">DK Arnett</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ordovas, Jm" uniqKey="Ordovas J">JM Ordovas</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Lipka, Ae" uniqKey="Lipka A">AE Lipka</name></author><author><name sortKey="Tian, F" uniqKey="Tian F">F Tian</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wang, Q" uniqKey="Wang Q">Q Wang</name></author><author><name sortKey="Peiffer, J" uniqKey="Peiffer J">J Peiffer</name></author><author><name sortKey="Li, M" uniqKey="Li M">M Li</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bradbury, Pj" uniqKey="Bradbury P">PJ Bradbury</name></author><author><name sortKey="Gore, Ma" uniqKey="Gore M">MA Gore</name></author><author><name sortKey="Buckler, Es" uniqKey="Buckler E">ES Buckler</name></author><author><name sortKey="Zhang, Z" uniqKey="Zhang Z">Z Zhang</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Benjamini, Y" uniqKey="Benjamini Y">Y Benjamini</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hochberg, Y" uniqKey="Hochberg Y">Y Hochberg</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Cormier, F" uniqKey="Cormier F">F Cormier</name></author><author><name sortKey="Gouis, Jl" uniqKey="Gouis J">JL Gouis</name></author><author><name sortKey="Dubreuil, P" uniqKey="Dubreuil P">P Dubreuil</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lafarge, S" uniqKey="Lafarge S">S Lafarge</name></author><author><name sortKey="Praud, S" uniqKey="Praud S">S Praud</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Broman, Kw" uniqKey="Broman K">KW Broman</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wu, H" uniqKey="Wu H">H Wu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Sen, S" uniqKey="Sen S">S Sen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Churchill, Ga" uniqKey="Churchill G">GA Churchill</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Sosnowski, O" uniqKey="Sosnowski O">O Sosnowski</name></author><author><name sortKey="Charcosset, A" uniqKey="Charcosset A">A Charcosset</name></author><author><name sortKey="Joets, J" uniqKey="Joets J">J Joets</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Krzywinski, M" uniqKey="Krzywinski M">M Krzywinski</name></author><author><name sortKey="Schein, J" uniqKey="Schein J">J Schein</name></author><author><name sortKey="Birol, I" uniqKey="Birol I">I Birol</name></author><author><name sortKey="Connors, J" uniqKey="Connors J">J Connors</name></author><author><name sortKey="Gascoyne, R" uniqKey="Gascoyne R">R Gascoyne</name></author><author><name sortKey="Horsman, D" uniqKey="Horsman D">D Horsman</name></author><author><name sortKey="Jones, Sj" uniqKey="Jones S">SJ Jones</name></author><author><name sortKey="Marra, Ma" uniqKey="Marra M">MA Marra</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Kessel, B" uniqKey="Kessel B">B Kessel</name></author><author><name sortKey="Schierholt, A" uniqKey="Schierholt A">A Schierholt</name></author><author><name sortKey="Becker, Hc" uniqKey="Becker H">HC Becker</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Berry, Pm" uniqKey="Berry P">PM Berry</name></author><author><name sortKey="Spink, J" uniqKey="Spink J">J Spink</name></author><author><name sortKey="Foulkes, Mj" uniqKey="Foulkes M">MJ Foulkes</name></author><author><name sortKey="White, Pj" uniqKey="White P">PJ White</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Nyikako, J" uniqKey="Nyikako J">J Nyikako</name></author><author><name sortKey="Schierholt, A" uniqKey="Schierholt A">A Schierholt</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kessel, B" uniqKey="Kessel B">B Kessel</name></author><author><name sortKey="Becker, Hc" uniqKey="Becker H">HC Becker</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Kuchel, H" uniqKey="Kuchel H">H Kuchel</name></author><author><name sortKey="Williams, K" uniqKey="Williams K">K Williams</name></author><author><name sortKey="Langridge, P" uniqKey="Langridge P">P Langridge</name></author><author><name sortKey="Eagles, Ha" uniqKey="Eagles H">HA Eagles</name></author><author><name sortKey="Jefferies, Sp" uniqKey="Jefferies S">SP Jefferies</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="El Soda, M" uniqKey="El Soda M">M El-Soda</name></author><author><name sortKey="Malosetti, M" uniqKey="Malosetti M">M Malosetti</name></author><author><name sortKey="Zwaan, Bj" uniqKey="Zwaan B">BJ Zwaan</name></author><author><name sortKey="Koornneef, M" uniqKey="Koornneef M">M Koornneef</name></author><author><name sortKey="Aarts, Mg" uniqKey="Aarts M">MG Aarts</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Chagne, D" uniqKey="Chagne D">D Chagné</name></author><author><name sortKey="Dayatilake, D" uniqKey="Dayatilake D">D Dayatilake</name></author><author><name sortKey="Diack, R" uniqKey="Diack R">R Diack</name></author><author><name sortKey="Oliver, M" uniqKey="Oliver M">M Oliver</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ireland, H" uniqKey="Ireland H">H Ireland</name></author><author><name sortKey="Watson, A" uniqKey="Watson A">A Watson</name></author><author><name sortKey="Gardiner, Se" uniqKey="Gardiner S">SE Gardiner</name></author><author><name sortKey="Johnston, Jw" uniqKey="Johnston J">JW Johnston</name></author><author><name sortKey="Schaffer, Rj" uniqKey="Schaffer R">RJ Schaffer</name></author><author><name sortKey="Tustin, S" uniqKey="Tustin S">S Tustin</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Sun, F D" uniqKey="Sun F">F-D Sun</name></author><author><name sortKey="Zhang, J H" uniqKey="Zhang J">J-H Zhang</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wang, S F" uniqKey="Wang S">S-F Wang</name></author><author><name sortKey="Gong, W K" uniqKey="Gong W">W-K Gong</name></author><author><name sortKey="Shi, Y Z" uniqKey="Shi Y">Y-Z Shi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Liu, A Y" uniqKey="Liu A">A-Y Liu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Li, J W" uniqKey="Li J">J-W Li</name></author><author><name sortKey="Gong, J W" uniqKey="Gong J">J-W Gong</name></author><author><name sortKey="Shang, H H" uniqKey="Shang H">H-H Shang</name></author><author><name sortKey="Yuan, Y L" uniqKey="Yuan Y">Y-L Yuan</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Dufey, I" uniqKey="Dufey I">I Dufey</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hiel, Mp" uniqKey="Hiel M">MP Hiel</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hakizimana, P" uniqKey="Hakizimana P">P Hakizimana</name></author><author><name sortKey="Draye, X" uniqKey="Draye X">X Draye</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lutts, S" uniqKey="Lutts S">S Lutts</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kone, B" uniqKey="Kone B">B Koné</name></author><author><name sortKey="Drame, Kn" uniqKey="Drame K">KN Dramé</name></author><author><name sortKey="Konate, Ka" uniqKey="Konate K">KA Konaté</name></author><author><name sortKey="Sie, M" uniqKey="Sie M">M Sie</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bertin, P" uniqKey="Bertin P">P Bertin</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Prashant, R" uniqKey="Prashant R">R Prashant</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mani, E" uniqKey="Mani E">E Mani</name></author><author><name sortKey="Rai, R" uniqKey="Rai R">R Rai</name></author><author><name sortKey="Gupta, Rk" uniqKey="Gupta R">RK Gupta</name></author><author><name sortKey="Tiwari, R" uniqKey="Tiwari R">R Tiwari</name></author><author><name sortKey="Dholakia, B" uniqKey="Dholakia B">B Dholakia</name></author><author><name sortKey="Oak, M" uniqKey="Oak M">M Oak</name></author><author><name sortKey="Roder, M" uniqKey="Roder M">M Röder</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kadoo, N" uniqKey="Kadoo N">N Kadoo</name></author><author><name sortKey="Gupta, V" uniqKey="Gupta V">V Gupta</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Veldboom, Lr" uniqKey="Veldboom L">LR Veldboom</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lee, M" uniqKey="Lee M">M Lee</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Shi, J" uniqKey="Shi J">J Shi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Li, R" uniqKey="Li R">R Li</name></author><author><name sortKey="Qiu, D" uniqKey="Qiu D">D Qiu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Jiang, C" uniqKey="Jiang C">C Jiang</name></author><author><name sortKey="Long, Y" uniqKey="Long Y">Y Long</name></author><author><name sortKey="Morgan, C" uniqKey="Morgan C">C Morgan</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bancroft, I" uniqKey="Bancroft I">I Bancroft</name></author><author><name sortKey="Zhao, J" uniqKey="Zhao J">J Zhao</name></author><author><name sortKey="Meng, J" uniqKey="Meng J">J Meng</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Jiang, C" uniqKey="Jiang C">C Jiang</name></author><author><name sortKey="Zeng, Z B" uniqKey="Zeng Z">Z-B Zeng</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Li, N" uniqKey="Li N">N Li</name></author><author><name sortKey="Shi, J" uniqKey="Shi J">J Shi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wang, X" uniqKey="Wang X">X Wang</name></author><author><name sortKey="Liu, G" uniqKey="Liu G">G Liu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wang, H" uniqKey="Wang H">H Wang</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Lu, Y" uniqKey="Lu Y">Y Lu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Zhang, S" uniqKey="Zhang S">S Zhang</name></author><author><name sortKey="Shah, T" uniqKey="Shah T">T Shah</name></author><author><name sortKey="Xie, C" uniqKey="Xie C">C Xie</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hao, Z" uniqKey="Hao Z">Z Hao</name></author><author><name sortKey="Li, X" uniqKey="Li X">X Li</name></author><author><name sortKey="Farkhari, M" uniqKey="Farkhari M">M Farkhari</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ribaut, Jm" uniqKey="Ribaut J">JM Ribaut</name></author><author><name sortKey="Cao, M" uniqKey="Cao M">M Cao</name></author><author><name sortKey="Rong, T" uniqKey="Rong T">T Rong</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Yu, J" uniqKey="Yu J">J Yu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Holland, Jb" uniqKey="Holland J">JB Holland</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mcmullen, Md" uniqKey="Mcmullen M">MD McMullen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Buckler, Es" uniqKey="Buckler E">ES Buckler</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Cavanagh, C" uniqKey="Cavanagh C">C Cavanagh</name></author><author><name sortKey="Morell, M" uniqKey="Morell M">M Morell</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mackay, I" uniqKey="Mackay I">I Mackay</name></author><author><name sortKey="Powell, W" uniqKey="Powell W">W Powell</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Fopa Fomeju, B" uniqKey="Fopa Fomeju B">B Fopa Fomeju</name></author><author><name sortKey="Falentin, C" uniqKey="Falentin C">C Falentin</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lassalle, G" uniqKey="Lassalle G">G Lassalle</name></author><author><name sortKey="Manzanares Dauleux, Mj" uniqKey="Manzanares Dauleux M">MJ Manzanares-Dauleux</name></author><author><name sortKey="Delourme, R" uniqKey="Delourme R">R Delourme</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Lamesch, P" uniqKey="Lamesch P">P Lamesch</name></author><author><name sortKey="Berardini, Tz" uniqKey="Berardini T">TZ Berardini</name></author><author><name sortKey="Li, D" uniqKey="Li D">D Li</name></author><author><name sortKey="Swarbreck, D" uniqKey="Swarbreck D">D Swarbreck</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wilks, C" uniqKey="Wilks C">C Wilks</name></author><author><name sortKey="Sasidharan, R" uniqKey="Sasidharan R">R Sasidharan</name></author><author><name sortKey="Muller, R" uniqKey="Muller R">R Muller</name></author><author><name sortKey="Dreher, K" uniqKey="Dreher K">K Dreher</name></author><author><name sortKey="Alexander, Dl" uniqKey="Alexander D">DL Alexander</name></author><author><name sortKey="Garcia Hernandez, M" uniqKey="Garcia Hernandez M">M Garcia-Hernandez</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Bargsten, Jw" uniqKey="Bargsten J">JW Bargsten</name></author><author><name sortKey="Nap, Jp" uniqKey="Nap J">JP Nap</name></author><author><name sortKey="Sanchez Perez, Gf" uniqKey="Sanchez Perez G">GF Sanchez-Perez</name></author><author><name sortKey="Van Dijk, Ad" uniqKey="Van Dijk A">AD van Dijk</name></author></analytic></biblStruct></listBibl></div1></back></TEI><pmc article-type="research-article"><pmc-dir>properties open_access</pmc-dir>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">BMC Genet</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">BMC Genet</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>BMC Genetics</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">1471-2156</issn><publisher><publisher-name>BioMed Central</publisher-name><publisher-loc>London</publisher-loc></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">27628849</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">5024496</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">432</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1186/s12863-016-0432-z</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Genetic basis of nitrogen use efficiency and yield stability across environments in winter rapeseed</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Bouchet</surname><given-names>Anne-Sophie</given-names></name><address><email>asophie.bouchet@gmail.com</email></address><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff1">1</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name><surname>Laperche</surname><given-names>Anne</given-names></name><address><email>anne.laperche@agrocampus-ouest.fr</email></address><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff2">2</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Bissuel-Belaygue</surname><given-names>Christine</given-names></name><address><email>christine.bissuel@agrocampus-ouest.fr</email></address><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff2">2</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Baron</surname><given-names>Cécile</given-names></name><address><email>cecile.baron@inra.fr</email></address><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff1">1</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Morice</surname><given-names>Jérôme</given-names></name><address><email>jerome.morice@inra.fr</email></address><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff1">1</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Rousseau-Gueutin</surname><given-names>Mathieu</given-names></name><address><email>mathieu.rousseau-gueutin@inra.fr</email></address><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff1">1</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Dheu</surname><given-names>Jean-Eric</given-names></name><address><email>jeaneric.dheu@limagrain.com</email></address><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff3">3</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>George</surname><given-names>Pierre</given-names></name><address><email>pierre.george@biogemma.com</email></address><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff4">4</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Pinochet</surname><given-names>Xavier</given-names></name><address><email>x.pinochet@terresinovia.fr</email></address><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff5">5</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Foubert</surname><given-names>Thomas</given-names></name><address><email>thomas.foubert@euralis.com</email></address><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff6">6</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Maes</surname><given-names>Olivier</given-names></name><address><email>MAES@maisadour.com</email></address><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff7">7</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Dugué</surname><given-names>Damien</given-names></name><address><email>ddugue@ragt.fr</email></address><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff8">8</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Guinot</surname><given-names>Florent</given-names></name><address><email>florent.guinot@syngenta.com</email></address><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff9">9</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Nesi</surname><given-names>Nathalie</given-names></name><address><email>nathalie.nesi@inra.fr</email></address><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff1">1</xref></contrib><aff id="Aff1"><label>1</label>INRA, UMR 1349 IGEPP, BP 35327, 35650 le Rheu, France</aff><aff id="Aff2"><label>2</label>AGROCAMPUS OUEST, UMR 1349 IGEPP, BP 35327, 35650 le Rheu, France</aff><aff id="Aff3"><label>3</label>Limagrain Europe, Ferme de l’Etang, 77390 Verneuil-l’Etang, France</aff><aff id="Aff4"><label>4</label>Biogemma, Chemin de Panedautes, 31700 Mondonville, France</aff><aff id="Aff5"><label>5</label>Terres Inovia, Avenue Lucien Brétignières, 78850 Thiverval Grignon, France</aff><aff id="Aff6"><label>6</label>Euralis, Chemin de Panedautes, 31700 Mondonville, France</aff><aff id="Aff7"><label>7</label>Maisadour Semences, Route de Saint Sever, BP27, 40001 Mont de Marsan Cedex, France</aff><aff id="Aff8"><label>8</label>RAGT R2n, Rue Emile Singla, BP 3331, 12033 Rodez, France</aff><aff id="Aff9"><label>9</label>Syngenta, Chemin de l’Hobit, 31790 Saint-Sauveur, France</aff></contrib-group><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>15</day><month>9</month><year>2016</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="pmc-release"><day>15</day><month>9</month><year>2016</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2016</year></pub-date><volume>17</volume><elocation-id>131</elocation-id><history><date date-type="received"><day>17</day><month>5</month><year>2016</year></date><date date-type="accepted"><day>24</day><month>8</month><year>2016</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement>© The Author(s). 2016</copyright-statement><license license-type="OpenAccess"><license-p><bold>Open Access</bold>This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</ext-link>), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/">http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/</ext-link>) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.</license-p></license></permissions><abstract id="Abs1"><sec><title>Background</title><p>Nitrogen use efficiency is an important breeding trait that can be modified to improve the sustainability of many crop species used in agriculture. Rapeseed is a major oil crop with low nitrogen use efficiency, making its production highly dependent on nitrogen input. This complex trait is suspected to be sensitive to genotype × environment interactions, especially genotype × nitrogen interactions. Therefore, phenotyping diverse rapeseed populations under a dense network of trials is a powerful approach to study nitrogen use efficiency in this crop. The present study aimed to determine the quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with yield in winter oilseed rape and to assess the stability of these regions under contrasting nitrogen conditions for the purpose of increasing nitrogen use efficiency.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Genome-wide association studies and linkage analyses were performed on two diversity sets and two doubled-haploid populations. These populations were densely genotyped, and yield-related traits were scored in a multi-environment design including seven French locations, six growing seasons (2009 to 2014) and two nitrogen nutrition levels (optimal versus limited). Very few genotype × nitrogen interactions were detected, and a large proportion of the QTL were stable across nitrogen nutrition conditions. In contrast, strong genotype × trial interactions in which most of the QTL were specific to a single trial were found. To obtain further insight into the QTL × environment interactions, genetic analyses of ecovalence were performed to identify the genomic regions contributing to the genotype × nitrogen and genotype × trial interactions. Fifty-one critical genomic regions contributing to the additive genetic control of yield-associated traits were identified, and the structural organization of these regions in the genome was investigated.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>Our results demonstrated that the effect of the trial was greater than the effect of nitrogen nutrition levels on seed yield-related traits under our experimental conditions. Nevertheless, critical genomic regions associated with yield that were stable across environments were identified in rapeseed.</p></sec><sec><title>Electronic supplementary material</title><p>The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12863-016-0432-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.</p></sec></abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><title>Keywords</title><kwd><italic>Brassica napus</italic> L</kwd><kwd>Nitrogen stress</kwd><kwd>Genotype × nitrogen interactions</kwd><kwd>Ecovalence</kwd><kwd>Quantitative trait loci</kwd></kwd-group><custom-meta-group><custom-meta><meta-name>issue-copyright-statement</meta-name><meta-value>© The Author(s) 2015</meta-value></custom-meta></custom-meta-group></article-meta></front></pmc><affiliations><list><country><li>France</li></country><region><li>Aquitaine</li><li>Midi-Pyrénées</li><li>Nouvelle-Aquitaine</li><li>Occitanie (région administrative)</li><li>Région Bretagne</li><li>Île-de-France</li></region><settlement><li>Mondonville</li><li>Mont de Marsan</li><li>Rodez</li><li>Saint-Sauveur</li><li>Thiverval Grignon</li><li>Verneuil-l’Etang</li><li>le Rheu</li></settlement></list><tree><country name="France"><region name="Région Bretagne"><name sortKey="Bouchet, Anne Sophie" sort="Bouchet, Anne Sophie" uniqKey="Bouchet A" first="Anne-Sophie" last="Bouchet">Anne-Sophie Bouchet</name></region><name sortKey="Baron, Cecile" sort="Baron, Cecile" uniqKey="Baron C" first="Cécile" last="Baron">Cécile Baron</name><name sortKey="Bissuel Belaygue, Christine" sort="Bissuel Belaygue, Christine" uniqKey="Bissuel Belaygue C" first="Christine" last="Bissuel-Belaygue">Christine Bissuel-Belaygue</name><name sortKey="Dheu, Jean Eric" sort="Dheu, Jean Eric" uniqKey="Dheu J" first="Jean-Eric" last="Dheu">Jean-Eric Dheu</name><name sortKey="Dugue, Damien" sort="Dugue, Damien" uniqKey="Dugue D" first="Damien" last="Dugué">Damien Dugué</name><name sortKey="Foubert, Thomas" sort="Foubert, Thomas" uniqKey="Foubert T" first="Thomas" last="Foubert">Thomas Foubert</name><name sortKey="George, Pierre" sort="George, Pierre" uniqKey="George P" first="Pierre" last="George">Pierre George</name><name sortKey="Guinot, Florent" sort="Guinot, Florent" uniqKey="Guinot F" first="Florent" last="Guinot">Florent Guinot</name><name sortKey="Laperche, Anne" sort="Laperche, Anne" uniqKey="Laperche A" first="Anne" last="Laperche">Anne Laperche</name><name sortKey="Maes, Olivier" sort="Maes, Olivier" uniqKey="Maes O" first="Olivier" last="Maes">Olivier Maes</name><name sortKey="Morice, Jerome" sort="Morice, Jerome" uniqKey="Morice J" first="Jérôme" last="Morice">Jérôme Morice</name><name sortKey="Nesi, Nathalie" sort="Nesi, Nathalie" uniqKey="Nesi N" first="Nathalie" last="Nesi">Nathalie Nesi</name><name sortKey="Pinochet, Xavier" sort="Pinochet, Xavier" uniqKey="Pinochet X" first="Xavier" last="Pinochet">Xavier Pinochet</name><name sortKey="Rousseau Gueutin, Mathieu" sort="Rousseau Gueutin, Mathieu" uniqKey="Rousseau Gueutin M" first="Mathieu" last="Rousseau-Gueutin">Mathieu Rousseau-Gueutin</name></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
EXPLOR_STEP=$WICRI_ROOT/Wicri/Agronomie/explor/SisAgriV1/Data/Pmc/Checkpoint
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_STEP/biblio.hfd -nk 000019 | SxmlIndent | more
Ou
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Pmc/Checkpoint/biblio.hfd -nk 000019 | SxmlIndent | more
Pour mettre un lien sur cette page dans le réseau Wicri
{{Explor lien
|wiki= Wicri/Agronomie
|area= SisAgriV1
|flux= Pmc
|étape= Checkpoint
|type= RBID
|clé= PMC:5024496
|texte= Genetic basis of nitrogen use efficiency and yield stability across environments in winter rapeseed
}}
Pour générer des pages wiki
HfdIndexSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Pmc/Checkpoint/RBID.i -Sk "pubmed:27628849" \
| HfdSelect -Kh $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Pmc/Checkpoint/biblio.hfd \
| NlmPubMed2Wicri -a SisAgriV1
| This area was generated with Dilib version V0.6.28. |  |