Water hardness and sodium trends in Texas aquifers.
Identifieur interne : 000021 ( Ncbi/Merge ); précédent : 000020; suivant : 000022Water hardness and sodium trends in Texas aquifers.
Auteurs : P F Hudak [États-Unis]Source :
- Environmental monitoring and assessment [ 0167-6369 ] ; 2001.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- MESH :
- chemical , analysis : Calcium, Sodium.
- chemical : Aluminum Silicates, Silicon Dioxide.
- geographic : Texas.
- analysis : Seawater, Water Supply.
- chemistry : Fresh Water, Seawater.
- Agriculture, Geologic Sediments.
Abstract
Median hardness and sodium levels in groundwater were calculated for 244 Texas counties from measurements at 7728 water wells. The data were mapped and analyzed with a geographic information system (GIS). County median hardness levels varied widely, from 4-2304 mg L-1. More than 60% of the counties had hardness medians above 180 mg L-1. County medium sodium concentrations ranged from 6-1170 mg L-1, with more than 90% of those values exceeding 20 mg L-1. There was a significant positive correlation between hardness and sodium concentrations in six of Texas' nine major aquifers. A significant negative correlation between hardness and sodium was observed in two aquifers. Several factors control hardness and sodium variations in Texas aquifers including rock/sediment composition, groundwater chemical evolution, and seepage from nearby formations. Probable human controls include agricultural return flow and pumping-induced saltwater intrusion.
PubMed: 11411143
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pubmed:11411143Le document en format XML
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<profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Agriculture</term>
<term>Aluminum Silicates</term>
<term>Calcium (analysis)</term>
<term>Fresh Water (chemistry)</term>
<term>Geologic Sediments</term>
<term>Seawater (analysis)</term>
<term>Seawater (chemistry)</term>
<term>Silicon Dioxide</term>
<term>Sodium (analysis)</term>
<term>Texas</term>
<term>Water Supply (analysis)</term>
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<keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="analysis" xml:lang="en"><term>Calcium</term>
<term>Sodium</term>
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<keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" xml:lang="en"><term>Aluminum Silicates</term>
<term>Silicon Dioxide</term>
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<keywords scheme="MESH" type="geographic" xml:lang="en"><term>Texas</term>
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<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="analysis" xml:lang="en"><term>Seawater</term>
<term>Water Supply</term>
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<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="chemistry" xml:lang="en"><term>Fresh Water</term>
<term>Seawater</term>
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<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Median hardness and sodium levels in groundwater were calculated for 244 Texas counties from measurements at 7728 water wells. The data were mapped and analyzed with a geographic information system (GIS). County median hardness levels varied widely, from 4-2304 mg L-1. More than 60% of the counties had hardness medians above 180 mg L-1. County medium sodium concentrations ranged from 6-1170 mg L-1, with more than 90% of those values exceeding 20 mg L-1. There was a significant positive correlation between hardness and sodium concentrations in six of Texas' nine major aquifers. A significant negative correlation between hardness and sodium was observed in two aquifers. Several factors control hardness and sodium variations in Texas aquifers including rock/sediment composition, groundwater chemical evolution, and seepage from nearby formations. Probable human controls include agricultural return flow and pumping-induced saltwater intrusion.</div>
</front>
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<Month>06</Month>
<Day>19</Day>
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<DateCompleted><Year>2001</Year>
<Month>12</Month>
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<DateRevised><Year>2013</Year>
<Month>11</Month>
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<Title>Environmental monitoring and assessment</Title>
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<ArticleTitle>Water hardness and sodium trends in Texas aquifers.</ArticleTitle>
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<Abstract><AbstractText>Median hardness and sodium levels in groundwater were calculated for 244 Texas counties from measurements at 7728 water wells. The data were mapped and analyzed with a geographic information system (GIS). County median hardness levels varied widely, from 4-2304 mg L-1. More than 60% of the counties had hardness medians above 180 mg L-1. County medium sodium concentrations ranged from 6-1170 mg L-1, with more than 90% of those values exceeding 20 mg L-1. There was a significant positive correlation between hardness and sodium concentrations in six of Texas' nine major aquifers. A significant negative correlation between hardness and sodium was observed in two aquifers. Several factors control hardness and sodium variations in Texas aquifers including rock/sediment composition, groundwater chemical evolution, and seepage from nearby formations. Probable human controls include agricultural return flow and pumping-induced saltwater intrusion.</AbstractText>
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<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D019015" MajorTopicYN="N">Geologic Sediments</DescriptorName>
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<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D012623" MajorTopicYN="N">Seawater</DescriptorName>
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