Dispersion, deposition and impacts of atmospheric ammonia: quantifying local budgets and spatial variability
Identifieur interne : 001440 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 001439; suivant : 001441Dispersion, deposition and impacts of atmospheric ammonia: quantifying local budgets and spatial variability
Auteurs : M. A. Sutton [Royaume-Uni] ; C. Milford [Royaume-Uni] ; U. Dragosits [Royaume-Uni] ; C. J. Place [Royaume-Uni] ; R. J. Singles [Royaume-Uni] ; R. I. Smith [Royaume-Uni] ; C. E. R. Pitcairn [Royaume-Uni] ; D. Fowler [Royaume-Uni] ; J. Hill [Royaume-Uni] ; H. M. Apsimon [Royaume-Uni] ; C. Ross [Royaume-Uni] ; R. Hill [Royaume-Uni] ; S. C. Jarvis [Royaume-Uni] ; B. F. Pain [Royaume-Uni] ; V. C. Phillips [Royaume-Uni] ; R. Harrison [Royaume-Uni] ; D. Moss [Royaume-Uni] ; J. Webb [Royaume-Uni] ; S. E. Espenhahn [Royaume-Uni] ; D. S. Lee [Royaume-Uni] ; M. Hornung [Royaume-Uni] ; J. Ullyett [Royaume-Uni] ; K. R. Bull [Royaume-Uni] ; B. A. Emmett [Royaume-Uni] ; J. Lowe [Royaume-Uni] ; G. P. Wyers [Pays-Bas]Source :
- Environmental Pollution [ 0269-7491 ] ; 1998.
Abstract
Ammonia is a reactive pollutant emitted primarily by agricultural sources near ground level in the rural environment. The consequence of these factors is that, in addition to the effects of long-range pollutant transport, ammonia has major effects at a local scale, with emission and receptor areas often closely located in the rural landscape. There is a substantial local spatial variability that needs to be considered in effects assessments, while variations in local deposition may affect the amount of ammonia available for impacts further afield. The wide-ranging UK programme ADEPT (Ammonia Distribution and Effects ProjecT) has addressed these issues through a combination of measurement and modelling activities concerning the distribution of emissions, atmospheric transport, deposition and effects assessment. The results are illustrated here by summarizing the findings of a joint experiment at Burrington Moor, Devon, and wider modelling contrasting the variability at a field scale with 5 km resolution estimates for the UK. The fraction of emitted NH3 deposited locally is shown to depend critically on the downwind land-cover, with fluxes being dependent on interactions with the ammonia compensation point. This will restrict deposition back to agricultural land, but may mean that non-conservation woodlands could be of benefit to recapture a significant fraction of emissions. The generalized models demonstrate the high spatial variability of ammonia impacts, with a case study being used to show the consequences at a field scale. In source regions substantial variability occurs at sub-1 km levels and this will have major consequences for the emission reduction targets needed to protect ecosystems.
Url:
DOI: 10.1016/S0269-7491(98)80054-7
Affiliations:
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A." last="Sutton">M. A. Sutton</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><country wicri:rule="url">Royaume-Uni</country></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Terrestrial Ecology (ITE), Edinburgh Research Station, Bush Estate, Penicuik, Midlothian EH26 0QB</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Midlothian EH26 0QB</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Milford, C" sort="Milford, C" uniqKey="Milford C" first="C." last="Milford">C. Milford</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Terrestrial Ecology (ITE), Edinburgh Research Station, Bush Estate, Penicuik, Midlothian EH26 0QB</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Midlothian EH26 0QB</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dragosits, U" sort="Dragosits, U" uniqKey="Dragosits U" first="U." last="Dragosits">U. Dragosits</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Terrestrial Ecology (ITE), Edinburgh Research Station, Bush Estate, Penicuik, Midlothian EH26 0QB</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Midlothian EH26 0QB</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Place, C J" sort="Place, C J" uniqKey="Place C" first="C. J." last="Place">C. J. Place</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>University of Edinburgh (UoE), Department of Geography, Edinburgh</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Édimbourg</settlement><region type="country">Écosse</region></placeName><orgName type="university">Université d'Édimbourg</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Singles, R J" sort="Singles, R J" uniqKey="Singles R" first="R. J." last="Singles">R. J. Singles</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Terrestrial Ecology (ITE), Edinburgh Research Station, Bush Estate, Penicuik, Midlothian EH26 0QB</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Midlothian EH26 0QB</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Smith, R I" sort="Smith, R I" uniqKey="Smith R" first="R. I." last="Smith">R. I. Smith</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Terrestrial Ecology (ITE), Edinburgh Research Station, Bush Estate, Penicuik, Midlothian EH26 0QB</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Midlothian EH26 0QB</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pitcairn, C E R" sort="Pitcairn, C E R" uniqKey="Pitcairn C" first="C. E. R." last="Pitcairn">C. E. R. Pitcairn</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Terrestrial Ecology (ITE), Edinburgh Research Station, Bush Estate, Penicuik, Midlothian EH26 0QB</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Midlothian EH26 0QB</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fowler, D" sort="Fowler, D" uniqKey="Fowler D" first="D." last="Fowler">D. Fowler</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Terrestrial Ecology (ITE), Edinburgh Research Station, Bush Estate, Penicuik, Midlothian EH26 0QB</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Midlothian EH26 0QB</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hill, J" sort="Hill, J" uniqKey="Hill J" first="J." last="Hill">J. Hill</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Imperial College Centre for Environmental Technology (ICCET), London</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement><region type="country">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Apsimon, H M" sort="Apsimon, H M" uniqKey="Apsimon H" first="H. M." last="Apsimon">H. M. Apsimon</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Imperial College Centre for Environmental Technology (ICCET), London</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement><region type="country">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ross, C" sort="Ross, C" uniqKey="Ross C" first="C." last="Ross">C. Ross</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Grassland and Environmental Research (IGER), North Wyke, Devon</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Devon</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hill, R" sort="Hill, R" uniqKey="Hill R" first="R." last="Hill">R. Hill</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Grassland and Environmental Research (IGER), North Wyke, Devon</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Devon</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jarvis, S C" sort="Jarvis, S C" uniqKey="Jarvis S" first="S. C." last="Jarvis">S. C. Jarvis</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Grassland and Environmental Research (IGER), North Wyke, Devon</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Devon</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pain, B F" sort="Pain, B F" uniqKey="Pain B" first="B. F." last="Pain">B. F. Pain</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Grassland and Environmental Research (IGER), North Wyke, Devon</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Devon</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Phillips, V C" sort="Phillips, V C" uniqKey="Phillips V" first="V. C." last="Phillips">V. C. Phillips</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Silsoe Research Institute (SRI), Bio-engineering Division, Silsoe, Bedford</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Bedford</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Harrison, R" sort="Harrison, R" uniqKey="Harrison R" first="R." last="Harrison">R. Harrison</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>ADAS Boxworth, Cambridge and ADAS Wolverhampton</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Cambridge and ADAS Wolverhampton</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Moss, D" sort="Moss, D" uniqKey="Moss D" first="D." last="Moss">D. Moss</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>ADAS Boxworth, Cambridge and ADAS Wolverhampton</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Cambridge and ADAS Wolverhampton</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Webb, J" sort="Webb, J" uniqKey="Webb J" first="J." last="Webb">J. Webb</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>ADAS Boxworth, Cambridge and ADAS Wolverhampton</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Cambridge and ADAS Wolverhampton</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Espenhahn, S E" sort="Espenhahn, S E" uniqKey="Espenhahn S" first="S. E." last="Espenhahn">S. E. Espenhahn</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>AEA Technology, NETCEN, Culham, Oxon</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Oxon</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lee, D S" sort="Lee, D S" uniqKey="Lee D" first="D. S." last="Lee">D. S. Lee</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>AEA Technology, NETCEN, Culham, Oxon</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Oxon</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hornung, M" sort="Hornung, M" uniqKey="Hornung M" first="M." last="Hornung">M. Hornung</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Terrestrial Ecology (ITE), Merlewood</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Merlewood</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ullyett, J" sort="Ullyett, J" uniqKey="Ullyett J" first="J." last="Ullyett">J. Ullyett</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Terrestrial Ecology (ITE), Merlewood</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Merlewood</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bull, K R" sort="Bull, K R" uniqKey="Bull K" first="K. R." last="Bull">K. R. Bull</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Terrestrial Ecology (ITE), Merlewood</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Merlewood</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Emmett, B A" sort="Emmett, B A" uniqKey="Emmett B" first="B. A." last="Emmett">B. A. Emmett</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Terrestrial Ecology (ITE), Merlewood</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Merlewood</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lowe, J" sort="Lowe, J" uniqKey="Lowe J" first="J." last="Lowe">J. Lowe</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Terrestrial Ecology (ITE), Merlewood</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Merlewood</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wyers, G P" sort="Wyers, G P" uniqKey="Wyers G" first="G. P." last="Wyers">G. P. Wyers</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Netherlands Energy Foundation (ECN), Petter</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Petter</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author></analytic><monogr></monogr><series><title level="j">Environmental Pollution</title><title level="j" type="abbrev">ENPO</title><idno type="ISSN">0269-7491</idno><imprint><publisher>ELSEVIER</publisher><date type="published" when="1998">1998</date><biblScope unit="volume">102</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">1</biblScope><biblScope unit="supplement">S1</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="349">349</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="361">361</biblScope></imprint><idno type="ISSN">0269-7491</idno></series><idno type="istex">0EA7132CC0B819D5B0E015A22456E31468726AB9</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1016/S0269-7491(98)80054-7</idno><idno type="PII">S0269-7491(98)80054-7</idno></biblStruct></sourceDesc><seriesStmt><idno type="ISSN">0269-7491</idno></seriesStmt></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass><langUsage><language ident="en">en</language></langUsage></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Ammonia is a reactive pollutant emitted primarily by agricultural sources near ground level in the rural environment. The consequence of these factors is that, in addition to the effects of long-range pollutant transport, ammonia has major effects at a local scale, with emission and receptor areas often closely located in the rural landscape. There is a substantial local spatial variability that needs to be considered in effects assessments, while variations in local deposition may affect the amount of ammonia available for impacts further afield. The wide-ranging UK programme ADEPT (Ammonia Distribution and Effects ProjecT) has addressed these issues through a combination of measurement and modelling activities concerning the distribution of emissions, atmospheric transport, deposition and effects assessment. The results are illustrated here by summarizing the findings of a joint experiment at Burrington Moor, Devon, and wider modelling contrasting the variability at a field scale with 5 km resolution estimates for the UK. The fraction of emitted NH3 deposited locally is shown to depend critically on the downwind land-cover, with fluxes being dependent on interactions with the ammonia compensation point. This will restrict deposition back to agricultural land, but may mean that non-conservation woodlands could be of benefit to recapture a significant fraction of emissions. The generalized models demonstrate the high spatial variability of ammonia impacts, with a case study being used to show the consequences at a field scale. In source regions substantial variability occurs at sub-1 km levels and this will have major consequences for the emission reduction targets needed to protect ecosystems.</div></front></TEI><affiliations><list><country><li>Pays-Bas</li><li>Royaume-Uni</li></country><region><li>Angleterre</li><li>Grand Londres</li><li>Écosse</li></region><settlement><li>Londres</li><li>Édimbourg</li></settlement><orgName><li>Université d'Édimbourg</li></orgName></list><tree><country name="Royaume-Uni"><noRegion><name sortKey="Sutton, M A" sort="Sutton, M A" uniqKey="Sutton M" first="M. A." last="Sutton">M. A. Sutton</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Apsimon, H M" sort="Apsimon, H M" uniqKey="Apsimon H" first="H. M." last="Apsimon">H. M. Apsimon</name><name sortKey="Bull, K R" sort="Bull, K R" uniqKey="Bull K" first="K. R." last="Bull">K. R. Bull</name><name sortKey="Dragosits, U" sort="Dragosits, U" uniqKey="Dragosits U" first="U." last="Dragosits">U. Dragosits</name><name sortKey="Emmett, B A" sort="Emmett, B A" uniqKey="Emmett B" first="B. A." last="Emmett">B. A. Emmett</name><name sortKey="Espenhahn, S E" sort="Espenhahn, S E" uniqKey="Espenhahn S" first="S. E." last="Espenhahn">S. E. Espenhahn</name><name sortKey="Fowler, D" sort="Fowler, D" uniqKey="Fowler D" first="D." last="Fowler">D. Fowler</name><name sortKey="Harrison, R" sort="Harrison, R" uniqKey="Harrison R" first="R." last="Harrison">R. Harrison</name><name sortKey="Hill, J" sort="Hill, J" uniqKey="Hill J" first="J." last="Hill">J. Hill</name><name sortKey="Hill, R" sort="Hill, R" uniqKey="Hill R" first="R." last="Hill">R. Hill</name><name sortKey="Hornung, M" sort="Hornung, M" uniqKey="Hornung M" first="M." last="Hornung">M. Hornung</name><name sortKey="Jarvis, S C" sort="Jarvis, S C" uniqKey="Jarvis S" first="S. C." last="Jarvis">S. C. Jarvis</name><name sortKey="Lee, D S" sort="Lee, D S" uniqKey="Lee D" first="D. S." last="Lee">D. S. Lee</name><name sortKey="Lowe, J" sort="Lowe, J" uniqKey="Lowe J" first="J." last="Lowe">J. Lowe</name><name sortKey="Milford, C" sort="Milford, C" uniqKey="Milford C" first="C." last="Milford">C. Milford</name><name sortKey="Moss, D" sort="Moss, D" uniqKey="Moss D" first="D." last="Moss">D. Moss</name><name sortKey="Pain, B F" sort="Pain, B F" uniqKey="Pain B" first="B. F." last="Pain">B. F. Pain</name><name sortKey="Phillips, V C" sort="Phillips, V C" uniqKey="Phillips V" first="V. C." last="Phillips">V. C. Phillips</name><name sortKey="Pitcairn, C E R" sort="Pitcairn, C E R" uniqKey="Pitcairn C" first="C. E. R." last="Pitcairn">C. E. R. Pitcairn</name><name sortKey="Place, C J" sort="Place, C J" uniqKey="Place C" first="C. J." last="Place">C. J. Place</name><name sortKey="Ross, C" sort="Ross, C" uniqKey="Ross C" first="C." last="Ross">C. Ross</name><name sortKey="Singles, R J" sort="Singles, R J" uniqKey="Singles R" first="R. J." last="Singles">R. J. Singles</name><name sortKey="Smith, R I" sort="Smith, R I" uniqKey="Smith R" first="R. I." last="Smith">R. I. Smith</name><name sortKey="Sutton, M A" sort="Sutton, M A" uniqKey="Sutton M" first="M. A." last="Sutton">M. A. Sutton</name><name sortKey="Ullyett, J" sort="Ullyett, J" uniqKey="Ullyett J" first="J." last="Ullyett">J. Ullyett</name><name sortKey="Webb, J" sort="Webb, J" uniqKey="Webb J" first="J." last="Webb">J. Webb</name></country><country name="Pays-Bas"><noRegion><name sortKey="Wyers, G P" sort="Wyers, G P" uniqKey="Wyers G" first="G. P." last="Wyers">G. P. Wyers</name></noRegion></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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