Forced Migration, Climate Change, Mitigation and Adaptive Policies in Mexico: Some Functional Relationships
Identifieur interne : 001424 ( Istex/Corpus ); précédent : 001423; suivant : 001425Forced Migration, Climate Change, Mitigation and Adaptive Policies in Mexico: Some Functional Relationships
Auteurs : Ignacio Sánchez Cohen ; Úrsula Oswald Spring ; Gabriel Díaz Padilla ; Julian Cerano Paredes ; Marco A. Inzunza Ibarra ; Rutilo L Pez L Pez ; José Villanueva DíazSource :
- International Migration [ 0020-7985 ] ; 2013-08.
Abstract
Natural disasters related to hydro‐meteorological events have increased during the last few decades, both in frequency and severity. Mexico is heavily exposed to climate change, but has also suffered in the past from climate variability (Blümel, 2009). The new risks oblige the government to develop mitigation processes, while the affected people are implementing strategies of adaptation and resilience‐building, mostly at the family and community level. This includes forced migration due to climate change into the slums of megacities or illegal immigration to the United States. The arid, semi‐arid and subhumid condition of 49.2 per cent of the territory of Mexico is seriously affected by climate change. In addition, poverty and the lack of jobs have created complex livelihood situations, in which young people leave rural areas, partly due to socio‐economic pull factors. In this paper, we address the functional relationships between climate patterns and migration processes in Mexico, highlighting the linkages between the origin of migrants, their economic activity and their vulnerability to extreme events and we discuss long‐term climate patterns. Agriculture still uses 78 per cent of the available water in Mexico. In the drylands the competition for water use requires an integrated policy to deal with the new threats from climate change, including mitigation from the top down and adaptation processes from the bottom up to reduce the social vulnerability of the rural population in the highly affected drylands of the central and northern parts of Mexico. The new policy for administering water resources, which promotes the efficient use of an increasingly scarce and polluted resource, still suffers from a lack of participation by the affected rural population. In this paper, we propose an integrated management system from the watershed onwards, involving socio‐economic, political, cultural and hydrological variables, to deal with the rising scarcity of water, and the uncertainty and complexity of climate change.
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DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-2435.2012.00743.x
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Mexico is heavily exposed to climate change, but has also suffered in the past from climate variability (Blümel, 2009). The new risks oblige the government to develop mitigation processes, while the affected people are implementing strategies of adaptation and resilience‐building, mostly at the family and community level. This includes forced migration due to climate change into the slums of megacities or illegal immigration to the United States. The arid, semi‐arid and subhumid condition of 49.2 per cent of the territory of Mexico is seriously affected by climate change. In addition, poverty and the lack of jobs have created complex livelihood situations, in which young people leave rural areas, partly due to socio‐economic pull factors. In this paper, we address the functional relationships between climate patterns and migration processes in Mexico, highlighting the linkages between the origin of migrants, their economic activity and their vulnerability to extreme events and we discuss long‐term climate patterns. Agriculture still uses 78 per cent of the available water in Mexico. In the drylands the competition for water use requires an integrated policy to deal with the new threats from climate change, including mitigation from the top down and adaptation processes from the bottom up to reduce the social vulnerability of the rural population in the highly affected drylands of the central and northern parts of Mexico. The new policy for administering water resources, which promotes the efficient use of an increasingly scarce and polluted resource, still suffers from a lack of participation by the affected rural population. 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In this paper, we address the functional relationships between climate patterns and migration processes in Mexico, highlighting the linkages between the origin of migrants, their economic activity and their vulnerability to extreme events and we discuss long‐term climate patterns. Agriculture still uses 78 per cent of the available water in Mexico. In the drylands the competition for water use requires an integrated policy to deal with the new threats from climate change, including mitigation from the top down and adaptation processes from the bottom up to reduce the social vulnerability of the rural population in the highly affected drylands of the central and northern parts of Mexico. The new policy for administering water resources, which promotes the efficient use of an increasingly scarce and polluted resource, still suffers from a lack of participation by the affected rural population. 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Mexico is heavily exposed to climate change, but has also suffered in the past from climate variability (<link href="#b5">Blümel, 2009</link>). The new risks oblige the government to develop mitigation processes, while the affected people are implementing strategies of adaptation and resilience‐building, mostly at the family and community level. This includes forced migration due to climate change into the slums of megacities or illegal immigration to the United States. The arid, semi‐arid and subhumid condition of 49.2 per cent of the territory of Mexico is seriously affected by climate change. In addition, poverty and the lack of jobs have created complex livelihood situations, in which young people leave rural areas, partly due to socio‐economic pull factors. In this paper, we address the functional relationships between climate patterns and migration processes in Mexico, highlighting the linkages between the origin of migrants, their economic activity and their vulnerability to extreme events and we discuss long‐term climate patterns. Agriculture still uses 78 per cent of the available water in Mexico. In the drylands the competition for water use requires an integrated policy to deal with the new threats from climate change, including mitigation from the top down and adaptation processes from the bottom up to reduce the social vulnerability of the rural population in the highly affected drylands of the central and northern parts of Mexico. The new policy for administering water resources, which promotes the efficient use of an increasingly scarce and polluted resource, still suffers from a lack of participation by the affected rural population. In this paper, we propose an integrated management system from the watershed onwards, involving socio‐economic, political, cultural and hydrological variables, to deal with the rising scarcity of water, and the uncertainty and complexity of climate change.</p></abstract></abstractGroup></contentMeta></header></component></istex:document></istex:metadataXml><mods version="3.6"><titleInfo lang="en"><title>Forced Migration, Climate Change, Mitigation and Adaptive Policies in Mexico: Some Functional Relationships</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="abbreviated" lang="en"><title>Environmental migration in Mexico</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="alternative" contentType="CDATA" lang="en"><title>Forced Migration, Climate Change, Mitigation and Adaptive Policies in Mexico: Some Functional Relationships</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Ignacio Sánchez</namePart><namePart type="family">Cohen</namePart><affiliation>Centro Nacional de Investigación Disciplinaria en Relaciones Agua Suelo Planta Atmósfera, INIFAP, Durango.</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Úrsula Oswald</namePart><namePart type="family">Spring</namePart><affiliation>Centro Regional de Investigaciones Multidisciplinarias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca.</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Gabriel Díaz</namePart><namePart type="family">Padilla</namePart><affiliation>National Institute of Forestry, Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Research in Mexico (INIFAP), Experimental Station, Jalapa.</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Julian Cerano</namePart><namePart type="family">Paredes</namePart><affiliation>National Institute of Forestry, Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Research in Mexico (INIFAP), Durango.</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Marco A.</namePart><namePart type="family">Inzunza Ibarra</namePart><affiliation>National Institute of Forestry, Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Research in Mexico (INIFAP), Durango.</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Rutilo López</namePart><namePart type="family">López</namePart><affiliation>National Institute of Forestry, Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Research in Mexico (INIFAP), Huimanguillo.</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">José Villanueva</namePart><namePart type="family">Díaz</namePart><affiliation>National Institute of Forestry, Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Research in Mexico (INIFAP), Durango.</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><typeOfResource>text</typeOfResource><genre type="article" displayLabel="article"></genre><originInfo><publisher>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher><place><placeTerm type="text">Oxford, UK</placeTerm></place><dateIssued encoding="w3cdtf">2013-08</dateIssued><copyrightDate encoding="w3cdtf">2013</copyrightDate></originInfo><language><languageTerm type="code" authority="rfc3066">en</languageTerm><languageTerm type="code" authority="iso639-2b">eng</languageTerm></language><physicalDescription><internetMediaType>text/html</internetMediaType><extent unit="figures">8</extent></physicalDescription><abstract lang="en">Natural disasters related to hydro‐meteorological events have increased during the last few decades, both in frequency and severity. Mexico is heavily exposed to climate change, but has also suffered in the past from climate variability (Blümel, 2009). The new risks oblige the government to develop mitigation processes, while the affected people are implementing strategies of adaptation and resilience‐building, mostly at the family and community level. This includes forced migration due to climate change into the slums of megacities or illegal immigration to the United States. The arid, semi‐arid and subhumid condition of 49.2 per cent of the territory of Mexico is seriously affected by climate change. In addition, poverty and the lack of jobs have created complex livelihood situations, in which young people leave rural areas, partly due to socio‐economic pull factors. In this paper, we address the functional relationships between climate patterns and migration processes in Mexico, highlighting the linkages between the origin of migrants, their economic activity and their vulnerability to extreme events and we discuss long‐term climate patterns. Agriculture still uses 78 per cent of the available water in Mexico. In the drylands the competition for water use requires an integrated policy to deal with the new threats from climate change, including mitigation from the top down and adaptation processes from the bottom up to reduce the social vulnerability of the rural population in the highly affected drylands of the central and northern parts of Mexico. The new policy for administering water resources, which promotes the efficient use of an increasingly scarce and polluted resource, still suffers from a lack of participation by the affected rural population. In this paper, we propose an integrated management system from the watershed onwards, involving socio‐economic, political, cultural and hydrological variables, to deal with the rising scarcity of water, and the uncertainty and complexity of climate change.</abstract><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>International Migration</title></titleInfo><genre type="journal">journal</genre><identifier type="ISSN">0020-7985</identifier><identifier type="eISSN">1468-2435</identifier><identifier type="DOI">10.1111/(ISSN)1468-2435</identifier><identifier type="PublisherID">IMIG</identifier><part><date>2013</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>51</number></detail><detail type="issue"><caption>no.</caption><number>4</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>53</start><end>72</end><total>20</total></extent></part></relatedItem><identifier type="istex">0824E5E3EEDDEBC54A0275034129C9544F1E5A16</identifier><identifier type="DOI">10.1111/j.1468-2435.2012.00743.x</identifier><identifier type="ArticleID">IMIG743</identifier><accessCondition type="use and reproduction" contentType="copyright">© 2012 The Authors. 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