Spatio‐temporal evaluation of the groundwater quality in Kafr Al‐Zayat District, Egypt
Identifieur interne : 001220 ( Istex/Corpus ); précédent : 001219; suivant : 001221Spatio‐temporal evaluation of the groundwater quality in Kafr Al‐Zayat District, Egypt
Auteurs : Alaa A. MasoudSource :
- Hydrological Processes [ 0885-6087 ] ; 2013-09-30.
Abstract
Eighteen groundwater well sites located in Kafr Al‐Zayat (Egypt) were sampled monthly from January 2009 to November 2011 for microbial content, Mn+2, Fe+2, total dissolved solids (TDS), total hardness, NO3−, and turbidity. The data were analyzed combining the integrated use of factor and cluster analyses as well as the geostatistical semi‐variogram modeling. The prime objectives were to assess the groundwater suitability for drinking, to document the factors governing the spatio‐tempral variability, and to recognize distinctive groundwater quality patterns to help enable effective sustainability and proactive management of the limited resource. The groundwater microbial, Mn+2, Fe+2, TDS, and total hardness contents violated the drinking water local standards while the turbidity and the nitrate content complied with them. Factor analysis indicated that the microbial content is the most influential factor raising the variability potential followed, in decreasing order, by Mn2+, Fe2+, TDS, NO3−, turbidity, and finally the total hardness. Turbidity resulting from urban and agricultural runoff was strongly associated with most of the quality parameters. Quality parameters fluctuate sporadically without concrete pattern in space and time while their variability scores peak in November every year. Three spatially distinctive quality patterns were recognized that were consistent with and affected by the cumulative effects of the local topography, depth to water table, thickness of the silty clay (cap layer), surface water, and groundwater flow direction and hence the recharge from contaminated surface canals and agricultural drains. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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DOI: 10.1002/hyp.9765
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Process.</title><idno type="ISSN">0885-6087</idno><idno type="eISSN">1099-1085</idno><imprint><publisher>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher><date type="published" when="2013-09-30">2013-09-30</date><biblScope unit="volume">27</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">20</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="2987">2987</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="3002">3002</biblScope></imprint><idno type="ISSN">0885-6087</idno></series><idno type="istex">0946F8472E59FF68AF8F3F4055FDC7CF2B180A48</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1002/hyp.9765</idno><idno type="ArticleID">HYP9765</idno></biblStruct></sourceDesc><seriesStmt><idno type="ISSN">0885-6087</idno></seriesStmt></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass><langUsage><language ident="en">en</language></langUsage></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract">Eighteen groundwater well sites located in Kafr Al‐Zayat (Egypt) were sampled monthly from January 2009 to November 2011 for microbial content, Mn+2, Fe+2, total dissolved solids (TDS), total hardness, NO3−, and turbidity. The data were analyzed combining the integrated use of factor and cluster analyses as well as the geostatistical semi‐variogram modeling. The prime objectives were to assess the groundwater suitability for drinking, to document the factors governing the spatio‐tempral variability, and to recognize distinctive groundwater quality patterns to help enable effective sustainability and proactive management of the limited resource. The groundwater microbial, Mn+2, Fe+2, TDS, and total hardness contents violated the drinking water local standards while the turbidity and the nitrate content complied with them. Factor analysis indicated that the microbial content is the most influential factor raising the variability potential followed, in decreasing order, by Mn2+, Fe2+, TDS, NO3−, turbidity, and finally the total hardness. Turbidity resulting from urban and agricultural runoff was strongly associated with most of the quality parameters. Quality parameters fluctuate sporadically without concrete pattern in space and time while their variability scores peak in November every year. Three spatially distinctive quality patterns were recognized that were consistent with and affected by the cumulative effects of the local topography, depth to water table, thickness of the silty clay (cap layer), surface water, and groundwater flow direction and hence the recharge from contaminated surface canals and agricultural drains. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.</div></front></TEI><istex><corpusName>wiley</corpusName><author><json:item><name>Alaa A. Masoud</name><affiliations><json:string>Geology Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, 31527, Tanta, Egypt</json:string><json:string>Correspondence to: Alaa A. 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Masoud, Geology Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, 31527 Tanta, Egypt.</line><line>E‐mail: <email>alaamasoud09@live.com</email></line></lineatedText></correspondenceTo><linkGroup><link type="toTypesetVersion" href="file:HYP.HYP9765.pdf"></link></linkGroup></publicationMeta><contentMeta><titleGroup><title type="main">Spatio‐temporal evaluation of the groundwater quality in Kafr Al‐Zayat District, Egypt</title><title type="short">SPATIO‐TEMPORAL EVALUATION OF THE GROUNDWATER QUALITY</title><title type="shortAuthors">A. A. MASOUD</title></titleGroup><creators><creator creatorRole="author" xml:id="hyp9765-cr-0001" affiliationRef="#hyp9765-aff-0001" corresponding="yes"><personName><givenNames>Alaa A.</givenNames><familyName>Masoud</familyName></personName></creator></creators><affiliationGroup><affiliation countryCode="EG" type="organization" xml:id="hyp9765-aff-0001"><orgDiv>Geology Department, Faculty of Science</orgDiv><orgName>Tanta University</orgName><address><postCode>31527</postCode><city>Tanta</city><country>Egypt</country></address></affiliation></affiliationGroup><keywordGroup type="author"><keyword xml:id="hyp9765-kwd-0001">Kafr Al‐Zayat</keyword><keyword xml:id="hyp9765-kwd-0002">Egypt</keyword><keyword xml:id="hyp9765-kwd-0003">groundwater quality</keyword><keyword xml:id="hyp9765-kwd-0004">factor analysis</keyword><keyword xml:id="hyp9765-kwd-0005">cluster analysis</keyword><keyword xml:id="hyp9765-kwd-0006">ordinary kriging</keyword></keywordGroup><abstractGroup><abstract type="main"><title type="main">Abstract</title><p>Eighteen groundwater well sites located in Kafr Al‐Zayat (Egypt) were sampled monthly from January 2009 to November 2011 for microbial content, Mn<sup>+2</sup>, Fe<sup>+2</sup>, total dissolved solids (TDS), total hardness, NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>, and turbidity. The data were analyzed combining the integrated use of factor and cluster analyses as well as the geostatistical semi‐variogram modeling. The prime objectives were to assess the groundwater suitability for drinking, to document the factors governing the spatio‐tempral variability, and to recognize distinctive groundwater quality patterns to help enable effective sustainability and proactive management of the limited resource.</p><p>The groundwater microbial, Mn<sup>+2</sup>, Fe<sup>+2</sup>, TDS, and total hardness contents violated the drinking water local standards while the turbidity and the nitrate content complied with them. Factor analysis indicated that the microbial content is the most influential factor raising the variability potential followed, in decreasing order, by Mn<sup>2+</sup>, Fe<sup>2+</sup>, TDS, NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>, turbidity, and finally the total hardness. Turbidity resulting from urban and agricultural runoff was strongly associated with most of the quality parameters. Quality parameters fluctuate sporadically without concrete pattern in space and time while their variability scores peak in November every year. Three spatially distinctive quality patterns were recognized that were consistent with and affected by the cumulative effects of the local topography, depth to water table, thickness of the silty clay (cap layer), surface water, and groundwater flow direction and hence the recharge from contaminated surface canals and agricultural drains. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.</p></abstract></abstractGroup></contentMeta></header></component></istex:document></istex:metadataXml><mods version="3.6"><titleInfo lang="en"><title>Spatio‐temporal evaluation of the groundwater quality in Kafr Al‐Zayat District, Egypt</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="abbreviated" lang="en"><title>SPATIO‐TEMPORAL EVALUATION OF THE GROUNDWATER QUALITY</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="alternative" contentType="CDATA" lang="en"><title>Spatio‐temporal evaluation of the groundwater quality in Kafr Al‐Zayat District, Egypt</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Alaa A.</namePart><namePart type="family">Masoud</namePart><affiliation>Geology Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, 31527, Tanta, Egypt</affiliation><affiliation>Correspondence to: Alaa A. Masoud, Geology Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, 31527 Tanta, Egypt.E‐mail:</affiliation><affiliation>E-mail: alaamasoud09@live.com</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><typeOfResource>text</typeOfResource><genre type="article" displayLabel="article"></genre><originInfo><publisher>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher><dateIssued encoding="w3cdtf">2013-09-30</dateIssued><dateCreated encoding="w3cdtf">2013-02-28</dateCreated><dateCaptured encoding="w3cdtf">2012-11-29</dateCaptured><dateValid encoding="w3cdtf">2013-02-14</dateValid><copyrightDate encoding="w3cdtf">2013</copyrightDate></originInfo><language><languageTerm type="code" authority="rfc3066">en</languageTerm><languageTerm type="code" authority="iso639-2b">eng</languageTerm></language><physicalDescription><internetMediaType>text/html</internetMediaType></physicalDescription><abstract>Eighteen groundwater well sites located in Kafr Al‐Zayat (Egypt) were sampled monthly from January 2009 to November 2011 for microbial content, Mn+2, Fe+2, total dissolved solids (TDS), total hardness, NO3−, and turbidity. The data were analyzed combining the integrated use of factor and cluster analyses as well as the geostatistical semi‐variogram modeling. The prime objectives were to assess the groundwater suitability for drinking, to document the factors governing the spatio‐tempral variability, and to recognize distinctive groundwater quality patterns to help enable effective sustainability and proactive management of the limited resource. The groundwater microbial, Mn+2, Fe+2, TDS, and total hardness contents violated the drinking water local standards while the turbidity and the nitrate content complied with them. Factor analysis indicated that the microbial content is the most influential factor raising the variability potential followed, in decreasing order, by Mn2+, Fe2+, TDS, NO3−, turbidity, and finally the total hardness. Turbidity resulting from urban and agricultural runoff was strongly associated with most of the quality parameters. Quality parameters fluctuate sporadically without concrete pattern in space and time while their variability scores peak in November every year. Three spatially distinctive quality patterns were recognized that were consistent with and affected by the cumulative effects of the local topography, depth to water table, thickness of the silty clay (cap layer), surface water, and groundwater flow direction and hence the recharge from contaminated surface canals and agricultural drains. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.</abstract><subject><genre>keywords</genre><topic>Kafr Al‐Zayat</topic><topic>Egypt</topic><topic>groundwater quality</topic><topic>factor analysis</topic><topic>cluster analysis</topic><topic>ordinary kriging</topic></subject><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Hydrological Processes</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="abbreviated"><title>Hydrol. 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