Energy and Environmental Aspects of Using Corn Stover for Fuel Ethanol
Identifieur interne : 001059 ( Istex/Corpus ); précédent : 001058; suivant : 001060Energy and Environmental Aspects of Using Corn Stover for Fuel Ethanol
Auteurs : John Sheehan ; Andy Aden ; Keith Paustian ; Kendrick Killian ; John Brenner ; Marie Walsh ; Richard NelsonSource :
- Journal of Industrial Ecology [ 1088-1980 ] ; 2003-07.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
Abstract
Corn stover is the residue that is left behind after corn grain harvest. We have constructed a life‐cycle model that describes collecting corn stover in the state of Iowa, in the Midwest of the United States, for the production and use of a fuel mixture consisting of 85% ethanol/15% gasoline (known as “E85”) in a flexible‐fuel light‐duty vehicle. The model incorporates results from individual models for soil carbon dynamics, soil erosion, agronomics of stover collection and transport, and biocon‐version of stover to ethanol. Limitations in available data forced us to focus on a scenario that assumes all farmers in the state of Iowa switch from their current cropping and tilling practices to continuous production of corn and “no‐till” practices. Under these conditions, which maximize the amount of collectible stover, Iowa alone could produce almost 8 billion liters per year of pure stover‐derived ethanol (E100) at prices competitive with today's corn‐starch‐derived fuel ethanol. Soil organic matter, an important indicator of soil health, drops slightly in the early years of stover collection but remains stable over the 90‐year time frame studied. Soil erosion is controlled at levels within tolerable soil‐loss limits established for each county in Iowa by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. We find that, for each kilometer fueled by the ethanol portion of E85, the vehicle uses 95% less petroleum compared to a kilometer driven in the same vehicle on gasoline. Total fossil energy use (coal, oil, and natural gas) and greenhouse gas emissions (fossil CO2, N2O, and CH4) on a life‐cycle basis are 102% and 113% lower, respectively. Air quality impacts are mixed, with emissions of CO, NOx, and SOx increasing, whereas hydrocarbon ozone precursors are reduced. This model can serve as a platform for future discussion and analysis of possible scenarios for the sustainable production of transportation fuels from corn stover and other agricultural residues.
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DOI: 10.1162/108819803323059433
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ISTEX:94E8390A4B54DE8D458876EFA9098AE1512B4B36Le document en format XML
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We have constructed a life‐cycle model that describes collecting corn stover in the state of Iowa, in the Midwest of the United States, for the production and use of a fuel mixture consisting of 85% ethanol/15% gasoline (known as “E85”) in a flexible‐fuel light‐duty vehicle. The model incorporates results from individual models for soil carbon dynamics, soil erosion, agronomics of stover collection and transport, and biocon‐version of stover to ethanol. Limitations in available data forced us to focus on a scenario that assumes all farmers in the state of Iowa switch from their current cropping and tilling practices to continuous production of corn and “no‐till” practices. Under these conditions, which maximize the amount of collectible stover, Iowa alone could produce almost 8 billion liters per year of pure stover‐derived ethanol (E100) at prices competitive with today's corn‐starch‐derived fuel ethanol. Soil organic matter, an important indicator of soil health, drops slightly in the early years of stover collection but remains stable over the 90‐year time frame studied. Soil erosion is controlled at levels within tolerable soil‐loss limits established for each county in Iowa by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. We find that, for each kilometer fueled by the ethanol portion of E85, the vehicle uses 95% less petroleum compared to a kilometer driven in the same vehicle on gasoline. Total fossil energy use (coal, oil, and natural gas) and greenhouse gas emissions (fossil CO2, N2O, and CH4) on a life‐cycle basis are 102% and 113% lower, respectively. Air quality impacts are mixed, with emissions of CO, NOx, and SOx increasing, whereas hydrocarbon ozone precursors are reduced. 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Soil organic matter, an important indicator of soil health, drops slightly in the early years of stover collection but remains stable over the 90‐year time frame studied. Soil erosion is controlled at levels within tolerable soil‐loss limits established for each county in Iowa by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. We find that, for each kilometer fueled by the ethanol portion of E85, the vehicle uses 95% less petroleum compared to a kilometer driven in the same vehicle on gasoline. Total fossil energy use (coal, oil, and natural gas) and greenhouse gas emissions (fossil CO2, N2O, and CH4) on a life‐cycle basis are 102% and 113% lower, respectively. Air quality impacts are mixed, with emissions of CO, NOx, and SOx increasing, whereas hydrocarbon ozone precursors are reduced. 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We have constructed a life‐cycle model that describes collecting corn stover in the state of Iowa, in the Midwest of the United States, for the production and use of a fuel mixture consisting of 85% ethanol/15% gasoline (known as “E85”) in a flexible‐fuel light‐duty vehicle. The model incorporates results from individual models for soil carbon dynamics, soil erosion, agronomics of stover collection and transport, and biocon‐version of stover to ethanol. Limitations in available data forced us to focus on a scenario that assumes all farmers in the state of Iowa switch from their current cropping and tilling practices to continuous production of corn and “no‐till” practices. Under these conditions, which maximize the amount of collectible stover, Iowa alone could produce almost 8 billion liters per year of pure stover‐derived ethanol (E100) at prices competitive with today's corn‐starch‐derived fuel ethanol. Soil organic matter, an important indicator of soil health, drops slightly in the early years of stover collection but remains stable over the 90‐year time frame studied. Soil erosion is controlled at levels within tolerable soil‐loss limits established for each county in Iowa by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. We find that, for each kilometer fueled by the ethanol portion of E85, the vehicle uses 95% less petroleum compared to a kilometer driven in the same vehicle on gasoline. Total fossil energy use (coal, oil, and natural gas) and greenhouse gas emissions (fossil CO2, N2O, and CH4) on a life‐cycle basis are 102% and 113% lower, respectively. Air quality impacts are mixed, with emissions of CO, NOx, and SOx increasing, whereas hydrocarbon ozone precursors are reduced. This model can serve as a platform for future discussion and analysis of possible scenarios for the sustainable production of transportation fuels from corn stover and other agricultural residues.</p></abstract><textClass xml:lang="en"><keywords scheme="keyword"><list><head>keywords</head><item><term>agricultural residues</term></item><item><term>biofuels</term></item><item><term>biomass</term></item><item><term>E85</term></item><item><term>life‐cycle assessment (LCA)</term></item><item><term>soil organic carbon (SOC)</term></item></list></keywords></textClass></profileDesc><revisionDesc><change when="2003-07">Published</change></revisionDesc></teiHeader></istex:fulltextTEI><json:item><extension>txt</extension><original>false</original><mimetype>text/plain</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/94E8390A4B54DE8D458876EFA9098AE1512B4B36/fulltext/txt</uri></json:item></fulltext><metadata><istex:metadataXml wicri:clean="Wiley, elements deleted: 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number="117">117</numbering><numbering type="pageLast" number="146">146</numbering></numberingGroup><correspondenceTo> 1617 Cole Boulevard, National Bioenergy Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO 80401‐3393, USA, <<email>john_sheehan@nrel.gov</email>>, <<url href="http://www.nrel.gov">http:www.nrel.gov</url>></correspondenceTo><linkGroup><link type="toTypesetVersion" href="file:JIEC.JIEC117.pdf"></link></linkGroup></publicationMeta><contentMeta><countGroup><count type="referenceTotal" number="54"></count><count type="linksCrossRef" number="8"></count></countGroup><titleGroup><title type="main">Energy and Environmental Aspects of Using Corn Stover for Fuel Ethanol</title></titleGroup><creators><creator creatorRole="author" xml:id="cr1" noteRef="#fn1" corresponding="yes"><personName><givenNames>John</givenNames><familyName>Sheehan</familyName></personName></creator><creator creatorRole="author" xml:id="cr2" noteRef="#fn2"><personName><givenNames>Andy</givenNames><familyName>Aden</familyName></personName></creator><creator creatorRole="author" xml:id="cr3" noteRef="#fn3"><personName><givenNames>Keith</givenNames><familyName>Paustian</familyName></personName></creator><creator creatorRole="author" xml:id="cr4" noteRef="#fn4"><personName><givenNames>Kendrick</givenNames><familyName>Killian</familyName></personName></creator><creator creatorRole="author" xml:id="cr5" noteRef="#fn5"><personName><givenNames>John</givenNames><familyName>Brenner</familyName></personName></creator><creator creatorRole="author" xml:id="cr6" noteRef="#fn6"><personName><givenNames>Marie</givenNames><familyName>Walsh</familyName></personName></creator><creator creatorRole="author" xml:id="cr7" noteRef="#fn7"><personName><givenNames>Richard</givenNames><familyName>Nelson</familyName></personName></creator></creators><keywordGroup xml:lang="en"><keyword xml:id="k1">agricultural residues</keyword><keyword xml:id="k2">biofuels</keyword><keyword xml:id="k3">biomass</keyword><keyword xml:id="k4">E85</keyword><keyword xml:id="k5">life‐cycle assessment (LCA)</keyword><keyword xml:id="k6">soil organic carbon (SOC)</keyword></keywordGroup><abstractGroup><abstract type="main" xml:lang="en"><title type="main">Summary</title><p>Corn stover is the residue that is left behind after corn grain harvest. We have constructed a life‐cycle model that describes collecting corn stover in the state of Iowa, in the Midwest of the United States, for the production and use of a fuel mixture consisting of 85% ethanol/15% gasoline (known as “E85”) in a flexible‐fuel light‐duty vehicle. The model incorporates results from individual models for soil carbon dynamics, soil erosion, agronomics of stover collection and transport, and biocon‐version of stover to ethanol.</p><p>Limitations in available data forced us to focus on a scenario that assumes all farmers in the state of Iowa switch from their current cropping and tilling practices to continuous production of corn and “no‐till” practices. Under these conditions, which maximize the amount of collectible stover, Iowa alone could produce almost 8 billion liters per year of pure stover‐derived ethanol (E100) at prices competitive with today's corn‐starch‐derived fuel ethanol. Soil organic matter, an important indicator of soil health, drops slightly in the early years of stover collection but remains stable over the 90‐year time frame studied. Soil erosion is controlled at levels within tolerable soil‐loss limits established for each county in Iowa by the U.S. Department of Agriculture.</p><p>We find that, for each kilometer fueled by the ethanol portion of E85, the vehicle uses 95% less petroleum compared to a kilometer driven in the same vehicle on gasoline. Total fossil energy use (coal, oil, and natural gas) and greenhouse gas emissions (fossil CO<sub>2</sub>, N<sub>2</sub>O, and CH<sub>4</sub>) on a life‐cycle basis are 102% and 113% lower, respectively. Air quality impacts are mixed, with emissions of CO, NOx, and SOx increasing, whereas hydrocarbon ozone precursors are reduced.</p><p>This model can serve as a platform for future discussion and analysis of possible scenarios for the sustainable production of transportation fuels from corn stover and other agricultural residues.</p></abstract></abstractGroup></contentMeta><noteGroup><note xml:id="fn1"><label>1</label><p>Senior engineer with the U.S. Department of Energy's National Bioenergy Center led by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (U. S. DOE NREL) in Golden, Colorado, USA.</p></note><note xml:id="fn2"><label>2</label><p>Process engineer with the U.S. DOE NREL.</p></note><note xml:id="fn3"><label>3</label><p>Professor in the Department of Soil and Crop Sciences and senior research scientist in the Natural Resources Ecology Laboratory at Colorado State, University in Fort Collins, Colorado, USA.</p></note><note xml:id="fn4"><label>4</label><p>Research Associate</p></note><note xml:id="fn5"><label>5</label><p>Cooperating scientist and research associate with the Natural Resources Ecology Laboratory.</p></note><note xml:id="fn6"><label>6</label><p>Research staff economist at Oak Ridge National Laboratory in Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA, and an adjunct associate professor in the Department of Agricultural Economics at the University of Tennessee in Knoxville, Tennessee, USA.</p></note><note xml:id="fn7"><label>7</label><p>Department head and the director of the Engineering Extension Programs at Kansas State University in Manhattan, Kansas, USA.</p></note></noteGroup></header></component></istex:document></istex:metadataXml><mods version="3.6"><titleInfo lang="en"><title>Energy and Environmental Aspects of Using Corn Stover for Fuel Ethanol</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="alternative" contentType="CDATA" lang="en"><title>Energy and Environmental Aspects of Using Corn Stover for Fuel Ethanol</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">John</namePart><namePart type="family">Sheehan</namePart><affiliation>E-mail: john_sheehan@nrel.gov</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Andy</namePart><namePart type="family">Aden</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Keith</namePart><namePart type="family">Paustian</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Kendrick</namePart><namePart type="family">Killian</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">John</namePart><namePart type="family">Brenner</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Marie</namePart><namePart type="family">Walsh</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Richard</namePart><namePart type="family">Nelson</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><typeOfResource>text</typeOfResource><genre type="other" displayLabel="miscellaneous"></genre><originInfo><publisher>MIT Press</publisher><place><placeTerm type="text">238 Main St., Suite 500, Cambridge, MA 02142‐1046 USA</placeTerm></place><dateIssued encoding="w3cdtf">2003-07</dateIssued><copyrightDate encoding="w3cdtf">2003</copyrightDate></originInfo><language><languageTerm type="code" authority="rfc3066">en</languageTerm><languageTerm type="code" authority="iso639-2b">eng</languageTerm></language><physicalDescription><internetMediaType>text/html</internetMediaType><extent unit="references">54</extent></physicalDescription><abstract lang="en">Corn stover is the residue that is left behind after corn grain harvest. We have constructed a life‐cycle model that describes collecting corn stover in the state of Iowa, in the Midwest of the United States, for the production and use of a fuel mixture consisting of 85% ethanol/15% gasoline (known as “E85”) in a flexible‐fuel light‐duty vehicle. The model incorporates results from individual models for soil carbon dynamics, soil erosion, agronomics of stover collection and transport, and biocon‐version of stover to ethanol. Limitations in available data forced us to focus on a scenario that assumes all farmers in the state of Iowa switch from their current cropping and tilling practices to continuous production of corn and “no‐till” practices. Under these conditions, which maximize the amount of collectible stover, Iowa alone could produce almost 8 billion liters per year of pure stover‐derived ethanol (E100) at prices competitive with today's corn‐starch‐derived fuel ethanol. Soil organic matter, an important indicator of soil health, drops slightly in the early years of stover collection but remains stable over the 90‐year time frame studied. Soil erosion is controlled at levels within tolerable soil‐loss limits established for each county in Iowa by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. We find that, for each kilometer fueled by the ethanol portion of E85, the vehicle uses 95% less petroleum compared to a kilometer driven in the same vehicle on gasoline. Total fossil energy use (coal, oil, and natural gas) and greenhouse gas emissions (fossil CO2, N2O, and CH4) on a life‐cycle basis are 102% and 113% lower, respectively. Air quality impacts are mixed, with emissions of CO, NOx, and SOx increasing, whereas hydrocarbon ozone precursors are reduced. This model can serve as a platform for future discussion and analysis of possible scenarios for the sustainable production of transportation fuels from corn stover and other agricultural residues.</abstract><subject lang="en"><genre>keywords</genre><topic>agricultural residues</topic><topic>biofuels</topic><topic>biomass</topic><topic>E85</topic><topic>life‐cycle assessment (LCA)</topic><topic>soil organic carbon (SOC)</topic></subject><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Journal of Industrial Ecology</title></titleInfo><genre type="journal">journal</genre><identifier type="ISSN">1088-1980</identifier><identifier type="eISSN">1530-9290</identifier><identifier type="DOI">10.1111/(ISSN)1530-9290</identifier><identifier type="PublisherID">JIEC</identifier><part><date>2003</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>7</number></detail><detail type="issue"><caption>no.</caption><number>3‐4</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>117</start><end>146</end><total>30</total></extent></part></relatedItem><identifier type="istex">94E8390A4B54DE8D458876EFA9098AE1512B4B36</identifier><identifier type="DOI">10.1162/108819803323059433</identifier><identifier type="ArticleID">JIEC117</identifier><recordInfo><recordContentSource>WILEY</recordContentSource><recordOrigin>MIT Press</recordOrigin></recordInfo></mods></metadata><serie></serie></istex></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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