Reservoirs in Tigray (Northern Ethiopia): characteristics and sediment deposition problems
Identifieur interne : 001038 ( Istex/Corpus ); précédent : 001037; suivant : 001039Reservoirs in Tigray (Northern Ethiopia): characteristics and sediment deposition problems
Auteurs : N. Haregeweyn ; J. Poesen ; J. Nyssen ; J. De Wit ; M. Haile ; G. Govers ; S. DeckersSource :
- Land Degradation & Development [ 1085-3278 ] ; 2006-03.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
Abstract
In Tigray (Northern Ethiopia, significant achievements were made, mainly from 1994 to 2002), on the development of agriculture through irrigation by employing seasonally harvested runoff using earth dams. However, most of the implemented schemes are not serving the intended purpose well because of constraints associated with both pre‐ and post‐implementation. Sediment deposition in reservoirs is a serious off‐site consequence of soil erosion in the region. However, the extent of the problem is not well studied. Moreover, there are no sufficient and reliable sediment‐yield data for Northern Ethiopia, which are important for designing new reservoirs and for implementing soil conservation practices. This study addresses those problems by undertaking: (1) a survey and evaluation of the general characteristics and problems of 54 recently built reservoirs and the characteristics of their respective catchments; and (2) a detailed sediment survey in ten reservoirs and related catchment characteristics. A field survey in 2002–2003, a review of technical reports and interviews were the bases for this study. Most of the reservoirs are under risk of insufficient inflow, excessive seepage and sediment deposition. These problems are mainly attributed to the use of a poor database on hydrology and sediment yield, and the lack of adaptable methodologies for assessing controlling factors at the planning stage. The reservoir survey, which is the first of its kind in Ethiopia, also indicates that specific sediment yield (SSY) varies significantly between catchments: i.e. from 237 to 1817 t km−2 y−1 with an average of 909 ( ± 500) t km−2 y−1. The high spatial variability is mainly associated with differences in lithology, cover, extent of gully network and human activities. Therefore, adapting an average SSY value for the whole region is not recommended for future planning purposes. The sediment deposition problem is significant: i.e. 70 per cent of the study reservoirs have important siltation problems so that they will end their useful life well before the dam design period. Hence, sediment management in reservoirs could be an effective approach towards maintaining the existing storage capacity. For the realization of sustainable land and water development in Tigray, sufficient and reliable database building, development and standardization of appropriate methodologies for predicting sediment yield and capacity building of designers needs to be given top priority. Moreover, awareness creation among policy makers, donors and beneficiaries is also important for action. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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DOI: 10.1002/ldr.698
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Most of the reservoirs are under risk of insufficient inflow, excessive seepage and sediment deposition. These problems are mainly attributed to the use of a poor database on hydrology and sediment yield, and the lack of adaptable methodologies for assessing controlling factors at the planning stage. The reservoir survey, which is the first of its kind in Ethiopia, also indicates that specific sediment yield (SSY) varies significantly between catchments: i.e. from 237 to 1817 t km−2 y−1 with an average of 909 ( ± 500) t km−2 y−1. The high spatial variability is mainly associated with differences in lithology, cover, extent of gully network and human activities. Therefore, adapting an average SSY value for the whole region is not recommended for future planning purposes. The sediment deposition problem is significant: i.e. 70 per cent of the study reservoirs have important siltation problems so that they will end their useful life well before the dam design period. 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However, most of the implemented schemes are not serving the intended purpose well because of constraints associated with both pre‐ and post‐implementation. Sediment deposition in reservoirs is a serious off‐site consequence of soil erosion in the region. However, the extent of the problem is not well studied. Moreover, there are no sufficient and reliable sediment‐yield data for Northern Ethiopia, which are important for designing new reservoirs and for implementing soil conservation practices. This study addresses those problems by undertaking: (1) a survey and evaluation of the general characteristics and problems of 54 recently built reservoirs and the characteristics of their respective catchments; and (2) a detailed sediment survey in ten reservoirs and related catchment characteristics. A field survey in 2002–2003, a review of technical reports and interviews were the bases for this study. Most of the reservoirs are under risk of insufficient inflow, excessive seepage and sediment deposition. These problems are mainly attributed to the use of a poor database on hydrology and sediment yield, and the lack of adaptable methodologies for assessing controlling factors at the planning stage. The reservoir survey, which is the first of its kind in Ethiopia, also indicates that specific sediment yield (SSY) varies significantly between catchments: i.e. from 237 to 1817 t km−2 y−1 with an average of 909 ( ± 500) t km−2 y−1. The high spatial variability is mainly associated with differences in lithology, cover, extent of gully network and human activities. Therefore, adapting an average SSY value for the whole region is not recommended for future planning purposes. The sediment deposition problem is significant: i.e. 70 per cent of the study reservoirs have important siltation problems so that they will end their useful life well before the dam design period. Hence, sediment management in reservoirs could be an effective approach towards maintaining the existing storage capacity. For the realization of sustainable land and water development in Tigray, sufficient and reliable database building, development and standardization of appropriate methodologies for predicting sediment yield and capacity building of designers needs to be given top priority. Moreover, awareness creation among policy makers, donors and beneficiaries is also important for action. 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However, most of the implemented schemes are not serving the intended purpose well because of constraints associated with both pre‐ and post‐implementation. Sediment deposition in reservoirs is a serious off‐site consequence of soil erosion in the region. However, the extent of the problem is not well studied. Moreover, there are no sufficient and reliable sediment‐yield data for Northern Ethiopia, which are important for designing new reservoirs and for implementing soil conservation practices. This study addresses those problems by undertaking: (1) a survey and evaluation of the general characteristics and problems of 54 recently built reservoirs and the characteristics of their respective catchments; and (2) a detailed sediment survey in ten reservoirs and related catchment characteristics. A field survey in 2002–2003, a review of technical reports and interviews were the bases for this study. Most of the reservoirs are under risk of insufficient inflow, excessive seepage and sediment deposition. These problems are mainly attributed to the use of a poor database on hydrology and sediment yield, and the lack of adaptable methodologies for assessing controlling factors at the planning stage. The reservoir survey, which is the first of its kind in Ethiopia, also indicates that specific sediment yield (SSY) varies significantly between catchments: i.e. from 237 to 1817 t km−2 y−1 with an average of 909 ( ± 500) t km−2 y−1. The high spatial variability is mainly associated with differences in lithology, cover, extent of gully network and human activities. Therefore, adapting an average SSY value for the whole region is not recommended for future planning purposes. The sediment deposition problem is significant: i.e. 70 per cent of the study reservoirs have important siltation problems so that they will end their useful life well before the dam design period. Hence, sediment management in reservoirs could be an effective approach towards maintaining the existing storage capacity. For the realization of sustainable land and water development in Tigray, sufficient and reliable database building, development and standardization of appropriate methodologies for predicting sediment yield and capacity building of designers needs to be given top priority. Moreover, awareness creation among policy makers, donors and beneficiaries is also important for action. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.</p></abstract><textClass xml:lang="en"><keywords scheme="keyword"><list><head>keywords</head><item><term>catchment</term></item><item><term>dam design period</term></item><item><term>northern Ethiopia</term></item><item><term>reservoir</term></item><item><term>sediment survey</term></item><item><term>sediment deposition</term></item><item><term>specific sediment yield</term></item></list></keywords></textClass><textClass><keywords scheme="Journal Subject"><list><head>article-category</head><item><term>Research Article</term></item></list></keywords></textClass></profileDesc><revisionDesc><change when="2004-05-09">Received</change><change when="2005-04-20">Registration</change><change when="2006-03">Published</change></revisionDesc></teiHeader></istex:fulltextTEI><json:item><extension>txt</extension><original>false</original><mimetype>text/plain</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/BEF504C7BCD0389DBA2867CAC36C2FC45792C3B1/fulltext/txt</uri></json:item></fulltext><metadata><istex:metadataXml wicri:clean="Wiley, elements deleted: body"><istex:xmlDeclaration>version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="yes"</istex:xmlDeclaration><istex:document><component version="2.0" type="serialArticle" xml:lang="en"><header><publicationMeta level="product"><publisherInfo><publisherName>John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.</publisherName><publisherLoc>Chichester, UK</publisherLoc></publisherInfo><doi registered="yes">10.1002/(ISSN)1099-145X</doi><issn type="print">1085-3278</issn><issn type="electronic">1099-145X</issn><idGroup><id type="product" value="LDR"></id></idGroup><titleGroup><title type="main" xml:lang="en" sort="LAND DEGRADATION AND DEVELOPMENT">Land Degradation & Development</title><title type="short">Land Degrad. Dev.</title></titleGroup></publicationMeta><publicationMeta level="part" position="20"><doi origin="wiley" registered="yes">10.1002/ldr.v17:2</doi><titleGroup><title type="specialIssueTitle">Local Land Use Strategies in a Globalizing World – Managing Social and Environmental Dynamics</title></titleGroup><numberingGroup><numbering type="journalVolume" number="17">17</numbering><numbering type="journalIssue">2</numbering></numberingGroup><coverDate startDate="2006-03">March/April 2006</coverDate></publicationMeta><publicationMeta level="unit" type="article" position="9" status="forIssue"><doi origin="wiley" registered="yes">10.1002/ldr.698</doi><idGroup><id type="unit" value="LDR698"></id></idGroup><countGroup><count type="pageTotal" number="20"></count></countGroup><titleGroup><title type="articleCategory">Research Article</title><title type="tocHeading1">Research Articles</title></titleGroup><copyright ownership="publisher">Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.</copyright><eventGroup><event type="manuscriptReceived" date="2004-05-09"></event><event type="manuscriptRevised" date="2005-04-13"></event><event type="manuscriptAccepted" date="2005-04-20"></event><event type="publishedOnlineEarlyUnpaginated" date="2005-08-03"></event><event type="firstOnline" date="2005-08-03"></event><event type="publishedOnlineFinalForm" date="2006-03-22"></event><event type="xmlConverted" agent="Converter:JWSART34_TO_WML3G version:2.3.2 mode:FullText source:HeaderRef result:HeaderRef" date="2010-03-09"></event><event type="xmlConverted" agent="Converter:WILEY_ML3G_TO_WILEY_ML3GV2 version:3.8.8" date="2014-02-01"></event><event type="xmlConverted" agent="Converter:WML3G_To_WML3G version:4.1.7 mode:FullText,remove_FC" date="2014-10-31"></event></eventGroup><numberingGroup><numbering type="pageFirst">211</numbering><numbering type="pageLast">230</numbering></numberingGroup><correspondenceTo>Physical and Regional Geography Research Group, K.U. Leuven, Redingenstraat 16, B‐3000 Leuven, Belgium.</correspondenceTo><linkGroup><link type="toTypesetVersion" href="file:LDR.LDR698.pdf"></link></linkGroup></publicationMeta><contentMeta><countGroup><count type="figureTotal" number="11"></count><count type="tableTotal" number="5"></count><count type="referenceTotal" number="35"></count></countGroup><titleGroup><title type="main" xml:lang="en">Reservoirs in Tigray (Northern Ethiopia): characteristics and sediment deposition problems</title><title type="short" xml:lang="en">RESERVOIRS IN TIGRAY (NORTHERN ETHIOPIA)</title></titleGroup><creators><creator xml:id="au1" creatorRole="author" affiliationRef="#af1 #af2"><personName><givenNames>N.</givenNames><familyName>Haregeweyn</familyName></personName></creator><creator xml:id="au2" creatorRole="author" affiliationRef="#af2" corresponding="yes"><personName><givenNames>J.</givenNames><familyName>Poesen</familyName></personName><contactDetails><email>Jean.Poesen@geo.kuleuven.ac.be</email></contactDetails></creator><creator xml:id="au3" creatorRole="author" affiliationRef="#af1 #af3"><personName><givenNames>J.</givenNames><familyName>Nyssen</familyName></personName></creator><creator xml:id="au4" creatorRole="author" affiliationRef="#af2"><personName><givenNames>J.</givenNames><familyName>De Wit</familyName></personName></creator><creator xml:id="au5" creatorRole="author" affiliationRef="#af1"><personName><givenNames>M.</givenNames><familyName>Haile</familyName></personName></creator><creator xml:id="au6" creatorRole="author" affiliationRef="#af2"><personName><givenNames>G.</givenNames><familyName>Govers</familyName></personName></creator><creator xml:id="au7" creatorRole="author" affiliationRef="#af3"><personName><givenNames>S.</givenNames><familyName>Deckers</familyName></personName></creator></creators><affiliationGroup><affiliation xml:id="af1" countryCode="ET" type="organization"><unparsedAffiliation>Department of Land Resources Management and Environmental Protection, Mekelle University, PO Box 231, Mekelle, Ethiopia</unparsedAffiliation></affiliation><affiliation xml:id="af2" countryCode="BE" type="organization"><unparsedAffiliation>Physical and Regional Geography Research Group, K.U. Leuven, Redingenstraat 16, B‐3000 Leuven, Belgium</unparsedAffiliation></affiliation><affiliation xml:id="af3" countryCode="BE" type="organization"><unparsedAffiliation>Institute for Land and Water Management, K.U. Leuven, Vital Decosterstraat 102, B‐3000 Leuven, Belgium</unparsedAffiliation></affiliation></affiliationGroup><keywordGroup xml:lang="en" type="author"><keyword xml:id="kwd1">catchment</keyword><keyword xml:id="kwd2">dam design period</keyword><keyword xml:id="kwd3">northern Ethiopia</keyword><keyword xml:id="kwd4">reservoir</keyword><keyword xml:id="kwd5">sediment survey</keyword><keyword xml:id="kwd6">sediment deposition</keyword><keyword xml:id="kwd7">specific sediment yield</keyword></keywordGroup><fundingInfo><fundingAgency>VLIR, Belgium</fundingAgency></fundingInfo><abstractGroup><abstract type="main" xml:lang="en"><title type="main">Abstract</title><p>In Tigray (Northern Ethiopia, significant achievements were made, mainly from 1994 to 2002), on the development of agriculture through irrigation by employing seasonally harvested runoff using earth dams. However, most of the implemented schemes are not serving the intended purpose well because of constraints associated with both pre‐ and post‐implementation. Sediment deposition in reservoirs is a serious off‐site consequence of soil erosion in the region. However, the extent of the problem is not well studied. Moreover, there are no sufficient and reliable sediment‐yield data for Northern Ethiopia, which are important for designing new reservoirs and for implementing soil conservation practices. This study addresses those problems by undertaking: (1) a survey and evaluation of the general characteristics and problems of 54 recently built reservoirs and the characteristics of their respective catchments; and (2) a detailed sediment survey in ten reservoirs and related catchment characteristics. A field survey in 2002–2003, a review of technical reports and interviews were the bases for this study.</p><p>Most of the reservoirs are under risk of insufficient inflow, excessive seepage and sediment deposition. These problems are mainly attributed to the use of a poor database on hydrology and sediment yield, and the lack of adaptable methodologies for assessing controlling factors at the planning stage.</p><p>The reservoir survey, which is the first of its kind in Ethiopia, also indicates that specific sediment yield (SSY) varies significantly between catchments: i.e. from 237 to 1817 t km<sup>−2</sup> y<sup>−1</sup> with an average of 909 ( ± 500) t km<sup>−2</sup> y<sup>−1</sup>. The high spatial variability is mainly associated with differences in lithology, cover, extent of gully network and human activities. Therefore, adapting an average SSY value for the whole region is not recommended for future planning purposes. The sediment deposition problem is significant: i.e. 70 per cent of the study reservoirs have important siltation problems so that they will end their useful life well before the dam design period. Hence, sediment management in reservoirs could be an effective approach towards maintaining the existing storage capacity.</p><p>For the realization of sustainable land and water development in Tigray, sufficient and reliable database building, development and standardization of appropriate methodologies for predicting sediment yield and capacity building of designers needs to be given top priority. Moreover, awareness creation among policy makers, donors and beneficiaries is also important for action. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.</p></abstract></abstractGroup></contentMeta></header></component></istex:document></istex:metadataXml><mods version="3.6"><titleInfo lang="en"><title>Reservoirs in Tigray (Northern Ethiopia): characteristics and sediment deposition problems</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="abbreviated" lang="en"><title>RESERVOIRS IN TIGRAY (NORTHERN ETHIOPIA)</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="alternative" contentType="CDATA" lang="en"><title>Reservoirs in Tigray (Northern Ethiopia): characteristics and sediment deposition problems</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">N.</namePart><namePart type="family">Haregeweyn</namePart><affiliation>Department of Land Resources Management and Environmental Protection, Mekelle University, PO Box 231, Mekelle, Ethiopia</affiliation><affiliation>Physical and Regional Geography Research Group, K.U. Leuven, Redingenstraat 16, B‐3000 Leuven, Belgium</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">J.</namePart><namePart type="family">Poesen</namePart><affiliation>Physical and Regional Geography Research Group, K.U. Leuven, Redingenstraat 16, B‐3000 Leuven, Belgium</affiliation><affiliation>Physical and Regional Geography Research Group, K.U. Leuven, Redingenstraat 16, B‐3000 Leuven, Belgium.</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">J.</namePart><namePart type="family">Nyssen</namePart><affiliation>Department of Land Resources Management and Environmental Protection, Mekelle University, PO Box 231, Mekelle, Ethiopia</affiliation><affiliation>Institute for Land and Water Management, K.U. Leuven, Vital Decosterstraat 102, B‐3000 Leuven, Belgium</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">J.</namePart><namePart type="family">De Wit</namePart><affiliation>Physical and Regional Geography Research Group, K.U. Leuven, Redingenstraat 16, B‐3000 Leuven, Belgium</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">M.</namePart><namePart type="family">Haile</namePart><affiliation>Department of Land Resources Management and Environmental Protection, Mekelle University, PO Box 231, Mekelle, Ethiopia</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">G.</namePart><namePart type="family">Govers</namePart><affiliation>Physical and Regional Geography Research Group, K.U. Leuven, Redingenstraat 16, B‐3000 Leuven, Belgium</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">S.</namePart><namePart type="family">Deckers</namePart><affiliation>Institute for Land and Water Management, K.U. Leuven, Vital Decosterstraat 102, B‐3000 Leuven, Belgium</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><typeOfResource>text</typeOfResource><genre type="article" displayLabel="article"></genre><originInfo><publisher>John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.</publisher><place><placeTerm type="text">Chichester, UK</placeTerm></place><dateIssued encoding="w3cdtf">2006-03</dateIssued><dateCaptured encoding="w3cdtf">2004-05-09</dateCaptured><dateValid encoding="w3cdtf">2005-04-20</dateValid><copyrightDate encoding="w3cdtf">2006</copyrightDate></originInfo><language><languageTerm type="code" authority="rfc3066">en</languageTerm><languageTerm type="code" authority="iso639-2b">eng</languageTerm></language><physicalDescription><internetMediaType>text/html</internetMediaType><extent unit="figures">11</extent><extent unit="tables">5</extent><extent unit="references">35</extent></physicalDescription><abstract lang="en">In Tigray (Northern Ethiopia, significant achievements were made, mainly from 1994 to 2002), on the development of agriculture through irrigation by employing seasonally harvested runoff using earth dams. However, most of the implemented schemes are not serving the intended purpose well because of constraints associated with both pre‐ and post‐implementation. Sediment deposition in reservoirs is a serious off‐site consequence of soil erosion in the region. However, the extent of the problem is not well studied. Moreover, there are no sufficient and reliable sediment‐yield data for Northern Ethiopia, which are important for designing new reservoirs and for implementing soil conservation practices. This study addresses those problems by undertaking: (1) a survey and evaluation of the general characteristics and problems of 54 recently built reservoirs and the characteristics of their respective catchments; and (2) a detailed sediment survey in ten reservoirs and related catchment characteristics. A field survey in 2002–2003, a review of technical reports and interviews were the bases for this study. Most of the reservoirs are under risk of insufficient inflow, excessive seepage and sediment deposition. These problems are mainly attributed to the use of a poor database on hydrology and sediment yield, and the lack of adaptable methodologies for assessing controlling factors at the planning stage. The reservoir survey, which is the first of its kind in Ethiopia, also indicates that specific sediment yield (SSY) varies significantly between catchments: i.e. from 237 to 1817 t km−2 y−1 with an average of 909 ( ± 500) t km−2 y−1. The high spatial variability is mainly associated with differences in lithology, cover, extent of gully network and human activities. Therefore, adapting an average SSY value for the whole region is not recommended for future planning purposes. The sediment deposition problem is significant: i.e. 70 per cent of the study reservoirs have important siltation problems so that they will end their useful life well before the dam design period. Hence, sediment management in reservoirs could be an effective approach towards maintaining the existing storage capacity. For the realization of sustainable land and water development in Tigray, sufficient and reliable database building, development and standardization of appropriate methodologies for predicting sediment yield and capacity building of designers needs to be given top priority. Moreover, awareness creation among policy makers, donors and beneficiaries is also important for action. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.</abstract><note type="funding">VLIR, Belgium</note><subject lang="en"><genre>keywords</genre><topic>catchment</topic><topic>dam design period</topic><topic>northern Ethiopia</topic><topic>reservoir</topic><topic>sediment survey</topic><topic>sediment deposition</topic><topic>specific sediment yield</topic></subject><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Land Degradation & Development</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="abbreviated"><title>Land Degrad. Dev.</title></titleInfo><genre type="journal">journal</genre><subject><genre>article-category</genre><topic>Research Article</topic></subject><identifier type="ISSN">1085-3278</identifier><identifier type="eISSN">1099-145X</identifier><identifier type="DOI">10.1002/(ISSN)1099-145X</identifier><identifier type="PublisherID">LDR</identifier><part><date>2006</date><detail type="title"><title>Local Land Use Strategies in a Globalizing World – Managing Social and Environmental Dynamics</title></detail><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>17</number></detail><detail type="issue"><caption>no.</caption><number>2</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>211</start><end>230</end><total>20</total></extent></part></relatedItem><identifier type="istex">BEF504C7BCD0389DBA2867CAC36C2FC45792C3B1</identifier><identifier type="DOI">10.1002/ldr.698</identifier><identifier type="ArticleID">LDR698</identifier><accessCondition type="use and reproduction" contentType="copyright">Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.</accessCondition><recordInfo><recordContentSource>WILEY</recordContentSource><recordOrigin>John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.</recordOrigin></recordInfo></mods></metadata><serie></serie></istex></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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