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Satellite climatology and the environmental risk of Schistosoma mansoni in Ethiopia and east Africa

Identifieur interne : 000F35 ( Istex/Corpus ); précédent : 000F34; suivant : 000F36

Satellite climatology and the environmental risk of Schistosoma mansoni in Ethiopia and east Africa

Auteurs : J. B. Malone ; J. M. Yilma ; J. C. Mccarroll ; B. Erko ; S. Mukaratirwa ; Xinyu Zhou

Source :

RBID : ISTEX:F52ABAA158F02C6D02DF6911D58BA5BF9673E943

English descriptors

Abstract

Annual and seasonal composite maps prepared from the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and earth surface maximum temperature (Tmax) satellite data from the archives of the Global land 1-km program of the United States Geological Survey (USGS) were studied for. their potential value, using geographic information system (GIS) methods, as surrogates of climate data in the development of environmental risk models for schistosomiasis in Ethiopia. Annual, wet season and dry season models were developed and iteratively analyzed for relationships with Schistosoma mansoni distribution and infection prevalence rates. Model-predicted endemic area overlays that best fit the distribution of sites with over 5% prevalence corresponded to values of NDVI 125–145 and Tmax 20–33°C in the annual composite map, NDVI 125–145 and Tmax 18–29°C for the wet season map, and NDVI 125–140 and Tmax 22–37°C for the dry season map. The model-predicted endemic area was similar to that of a prior model developed using an independent agroecologic zone data set from the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). Results were consistent with field and laboratory data on the preferences and limits of tolerance of the S. mansoni–Biomphalaria pfeifferi system. Results suggest that Global 1-km NDVI and Tmax, when used together, can be used as surrogate climate data for development of GIS risk assessment models for schistosomiasis. The model developed for Ethiopia based on global 1-km satellite data was extrapolated to a broader area of East Africa. When used with FAO agroecologic zone climate data limits of <27°C for average annual mean temperature and annual moisture deficits (annual rain–annual potential evapotranspiration) of <−1300 mm, the model accurately represented the regional distribution of the S. mansoni–B. pfeifferi system in the East Africa extrapolation area.

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DOI: 10.1016/S0001-706X(01)00103-6

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ISTEX:F52ABAA158F02C6D02DF6911D58BA5BF9673E943

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<note type="content">Fig. 1: Organization of data layers in the geographic information system constructed for Ethiopia.</note>
<note type="content">Fig. 2: Scatter diagrams of prevalence percentage >10% as compared to values extracted from 1992–1995 composite NDVI (a) and Tmax (b) maps from 5 km diameter areas centered on S. mansoni prevalence survey sites. Initial GIS query criteria of environmental suitability for transmission were based on these NDVI and Tmax data ranges.</note>
<note type="content">Fig. 3: GIS ‘annual composite model’ query that met criteria for both NDVI (125–145) and Tmax (20–33°C) overlaid on the 1995 annual composite of NDVI. The area shown in red represents the ‘best fit’ of query values when compared to the known distribution of the S. mansoni–B. pfeifferi system in Ethiopia.</note>
<note type="content">Fig. 4: (a) Extrapolation of the GIS ‘dry season model’ query to neighboring countries in the IGADD zone of East Africa as compared to S. mansoni prevalence data from the WHO atlas on the distribution of schistosomiasis. Note zones in the southern Sudan and coastal Somalia that were incorrectly predicted to be suitable, irrigated areas correctly predicted to be suitable, and sites in Uganda (where B. sudanica is the major vector species) that were predicted to be unsuitable. The model is superimposed on an annual composite NDVI map. (b) IGAD Crop production system zones (CPSZ) of East Africa that are predicted to be unsuitable for the S. mansoni–B. pfeifferi system due to average annual mean temperatures of 27°C or above or annual moisture deficits of >1300 mm. The CPSZ polygons queries are superimposed on the annual composite of Tmax. If the CPSZ considered unsuitable for B. pfeifferi are superimposed on the dry season model area, the areas that were incorrectly predicted to be suitable based on satellite derived data are eliminated. Because CPSZ have a single value for each polygon area, ‘sub-polygon’ irrigated areas and sites near water bodies are not detectable by the CPSZ query, but are by the dry season model based on Global 1-km climate surrogate data.</note>
<note type="content">Table 1: Predictive values of the annual composite, wet season and dry season composite models in Ethiopia, as compared to sites with reported S. mansoni prevalence rates of 0, <5% and >5%</note>
<note type="content">Table 2: Logistic regression results for the crop production system zone and Global 1-km dry season models when compared to S. mansoni prevalence</note>
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<p>Annual and seasonal composite maps prepared from the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and earth surface maximum temperature (Tmax) satellite data from the archives of the Global land 1-km program of the United States Geological Survey (USGS) were studied for. their potential value, using geographic information system (GIS) methods, as surrogates of climate data in the development of environmental risk models for schistosomiasis in Ethiopia. Annual, wet season and dry season models were developed and iteratively analyzed for relationships with Schistosoma mansoni distribution and infection prevalence rates. Model-predicted endemic area overlays that best fit the distribution of sites with over 5% prevalence corresponded to values of NDVI 125–145 and Tmax 20–33°C in the annual composite map, NDVI 125–145 and Tmax 18–29°C for the wet season map, and NDVI 125–140 and Tmax 22–37°C for the dry season map. The model-predicted endemic area was similar to that of a prior model developed using an independent agroecologic zone data set from the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). Results were consistent with field and laboratory data on the preferences and limits of tolerance of the S. mansoni–Biomphalaria pfeifferi system. Results suggest that Global 1-km NDVI and Tmax, when used together, can be used as surrogate climate data for development of GIS risk assessment models for schistosomiasis. The model developed for Ethiopia based on global 1-km satellite data was extrapolated to a broader area of East Africa. When used with FAO agroecologic zone climate data limits of <27°C for average annual mean temperature and annual moisture deficits (annual rain–annual potential evapotranspiration) of <−1300 mm, the model accurately represented the regional distribution of the S. mansoni–B. pfeifferi system in the East Africa extrapolation area.</p>
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<term>Climate</term>
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<item>
<term>Epidemiology</term>
</item>
<item>
<term>Geographic information systems</term>
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<ce:title>Satellite climatology and the environmental risk of
<ce:italic>Schistosoma mansoni</ce:italic>
in Ethiopia and east Africa</ce:title>
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<ce:author>
<ce:given-name>J.B.</ce:given-name>
<ce:surname>Malone</ce:surname>
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<ce:sup loc="post">a</ce:sup>
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<ce:given-name>J.M.</ce:given-name>
<ce:surname>Yilma</ce:surname>
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<ce:surname>McCarroll</ce:surname>
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<ce:sup loc="post">a</ce:sup>
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<ce:author>
<ce:given-name>B.</ce:given-name>
<ce:surname>Erko</ce:surname>
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<ce:sup loc="post">c</ce:sup>
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<ce:author>
<ce:given-name>S.</ce:given-name>
<ce:surname>Mukaratirwa</ce:surname>
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<ce:surname>Zhou</ce:surname>
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<ce:section-title>Abstract</ce:section-title>
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<ce:simple-para view="all" id="simple-para.0040">Annual and seasonal composite maps prepared from the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and earth surface maximum temperature (
<ce:italic>T</ce:italic>
<ce:inf loc="post">max</ce:inf>
) satellite data from the archives of the Global land 1-km program of the United States Geological Survey (USGS) were studied for. their potential value, using geographic information system (GIS) methods, as surrogates of climate data in the development of environmental risk models for schistosomiasis in Ethiopia. Annual, wet season and dry season models were developed and iteratively analyzed for relationships with
<ce:italic>Schistosoma mansoni</ce:italic>
distribution and infection prevalence rates. Model-predicted endemic area overlays that best fit the distribution of sites with over 5% prevalence corresponded to values of NDVI 125–145 and
<ce:italic>T</ce:italic>
<ce:inf loc="post">max</ce:inf>
20–33°C in the annual composite map, NDVI 125–145 and
<ce:italic>T</ce:italic>
<ce:inf loc="post">max</ce:inf>
18–29°C for the wet season map, and NDVI 125–140 and
<ce:italic>T</ce:italic>
<ce:inf loc="post">max</ce:inf>
22–37°C for the dry season map. The model-predicted endemic area was similar to that of a prior model developed using an independent agroecologic zone data set from the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). Results were consistent with field and laboratory data on the preferences and limits of tolerance of the
<ce:italic>S</ce:italic>
.
<ce:italic>mansoni</ce:italic>
<ce:italic>Biomphalaria pfeifferi</ce:italic>
system. Results suggest that Global 1-km NDVI and
<ce:italic>T</ce:italic>
<ce:inf loc="post">max</ce:inf>
, when used together, can be used as surrogate climate data for development of GIS risk assessment models for schistosomiasis. The model developed for Ethiopia based on global 1-km satellite data was extrapolated to a broader area of East Africa. When used with FAO agroecologic zone climate data limits of <27°C for average annual mean temperature and annual moisture deficits (annual rain–annual potential evapotranspiration) of <−1300 mm, the model accurately represented the regional distribution of the
<ce:italic>S</ce:italic>
.
<ce:italic>mansoni</ce:italic>
<ce:italic>B. pfeifferi</ce:italic>
system in the East Africa extrapolation area.</ce:simple-para>
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<ce:italic>Biomphalaria pfeifferi</ce:italic>
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<ce:text>Climate</ce:text>
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<abstract lang="en">Annual and seasonal composite maps prepared from the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and earth surface maximum temperature (Tmax) satellite data from the archives of the Global land 1-km program of the United States Geological Survey (USGS) were studied for. their potential value, using geographic information system (GIS) methods, as surrogates of climate data in the development of environmental risk models for schistosomiasis in Ethiopia. Annual, wet season and dry season models were developed and iteratively analyzed for relationships with Schistosoma mansoni distribution and infection prevalence rates. Model-predicted endemic area overlays that best fit the distribution of sites with over 5% prevalence corresponded to values of NDVI 125–145 and Tmax 20–33°C in the annual composite map, NDVI 125–145 and Tmax 18–29°C for the wet season map, and NDVI 125–140 and Tmax 22–37°C for the dry season map. The model-predicted endemic area was similar to that of a prior model developed using an independent agroecologic zone data set from the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). Results were consistent with field and laboratory data on the preferences and limits of tolerance of the S. mansoni–Biomphalaria pfeifferi system. Results suggest that Global 1-km NDVI and Tmax, when used together, can be used as surrogate climate data for development of GIS risk assessment models for schistosomiasis. The model developed for Ethiopia based on global 1-km satellite data was extrapolated to a broader area of East Africa. When used with FAO agroecologic zone climate data limits of <27°C for average annual mean temperature and annual moisture deficits (annual rain–annual potential evapotranspiration) of <−1300 mm, the model accurately represented the regional distribution of the S. mansoni–B. pfeifferi system in the East Africa extrapolation area.</abstract>
<note type="content">Fig. 1: Organization of data layers in the geographic information system constructed for Ethiopia.</note>
<note type="content">Fig. 2: Scatter diagrams of prevalence percentage >10% as compared to values extracted from 1992–1995 composite NDVI (a) and Tmax (b) maps from 5 km diameter areas centered on S. mansoni prevalence survey sites. Initial GIS query criteria of environmental suitability for transmission were based on these NDVI and Tmax data ranges.</note>
<note type="content">Fig. 3: GIS ‘annual composite model’ query that met criteria for both NDVI (125–145) and Tmax (20–33°C) overlaid on the 1995 annual composite of NDVI. The area shown in red represents the ‘best fit’ of query values when compared to the known distribution of the S. mansoni–B. pfeifferi system in Ethiopia.</note>
<note type="content">Fig. 4: (a) Extrapolation of the GIS ‘dry season model’ query to neighboring countries in the IGADD zone of East Africa as compared to S. mansoni prevalence data from the WHO atlas on the distribution of schistosomiasis. Note zones in the southern Sudan and coastal Somalia that were incorrectly predicted to be suitable, irrigated areas correctly predicted to be suitable, and sites in Uganda (where B. sudanica is the major vector species) that were predicted to be unsuitable. The model is superimposed on an annual composite NDVI map. (b) IGAD Crop production system zones (CPSZ) of East Africa that are predicted to be unsuitable for the S. mansoni–B. pfeifferi system due to average annual mean temperatures of 27°C or above or annual moisture deficits of >1300 mm. The CPSZ polygons queries are superimposed on the annual composite of Tmax. If the CPSZ considered unsuitable for B. pfeifferi are superimposed on the dry season model area, the areas that were incorrectly predicted to be suitable based on satellite derived data are eliminated. Because CPSZ have a single value for each polygon area, ‘sub-polygon’ irrigated areas and sites near water bodies are not detectable by the CPSZ query, but are by the dry season model based on Global 1-km climate surrogate data.</note>
<note type="content">Table 1: Predictive values of the annual composite, wet season and dry season composite models in Ethiopia, as compared to sites with reported S. mansoni prevalence rates of 0, <5% and >5%</note>
<note type="content">Table 2: Logistic regression results for the crop production system zone and Global 1-km dry season models when compared to S. mansoni prevalence</note>
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<genre>Keywords</genre>
<topic>Biomphalaria pfeifferi</topic>
<topic>Climate</topic>
<topic>Epidemiology</topic>
<topic>Geographic information systems</topic>
<topic>Remote sensing</topic>
<topic>Schistosoma mansoni</topic>
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