Measuring the Impact of Urbanization on Channel Widths Using Historic Aerial Photographs and Modern Surveys
Identifieur interne : 000F25 ( Istex/Corpus ); précédent : 000F24; suivant : 000F26Measuring the Impact of Urbanization on Channel Widths Using Historic Aerial Photographs and Modern Surveys
Auteurs : Joshua C. Galster ; Frank J. Pazzaglia ; Dru GermanoskiSource :
- JAWRA Journal of the American Water Resources Association [ 1093-474X ] ; 2008-08.
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Abstract
Abstract: Land use in a watershed is commonly held to exert a strong influence on trunk channel form and process. Land use changes act over human time‐scales, which are short enough to measure effects on channels directly using historic aerial photographs. We show that high‐resolution topographic surveys for the channels of paired watersheds in the Lehigh Valley, Pennsylvania, are comparable, but have channel widths that have changed dramatically in the past five decades. The two watersheds, Little Lehigh Creek and Sacony Creek, are similar in most aspects except in their respective amount of urban land use. Aerial photographs of the urbanized Little Lehigh Creek show that a majority of the measured widths (67 of 85) were statistically wider in 1999 than in 1947. In contrast, the measured widths from the agricultural Sacony Creek are more evenly distributed among those that widened (18), narrowed (28), and those that were statistically unchanged (6) from 1946 to 1999. From 1946 to 1999 the only section of Sacony Creek that widened was that reach downstream of the only sizable urban area in the watershed. The current land use in Sacony Creek watershed resembles that of 1946, while the Little Lehigh Creek watershed has more than tripled its urban area. These data, in concert with other recent hydrologic data from the watersheds suggest that the increase in urban area‐generated peak discharges is the mechanism behind the widening that occurred in the Little Lehigh Creek. These wider channels can affect water quality, aquatic habitat, suspended sediment loads, and river esthetics.
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DOI: 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2008.00193.x
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Pazzaglia</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Associate Professor, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Germanoski, Dru" sort="Germanoski, Dru" uniqKey="Germanoski D" first="Dru" last="Germanoski">Dru Germanoski</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Professor, Department of Geology and Environmental Geosciences, Lafayette College, Easton, Pennsylvania 18042</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">ISTEX</idno><idno type="RBID">ISTEX:1293859E09D3DA9EE646B7C86F52577F6DD65B0D</idno><date when="2008" year="2008">2008</date><idno type="doi">10.1111/j.1752-1688.2008.00193.x</idno><idno type="url">https://api.istex.fr/document/1293859E09D3DA9EE646B7C86F52577F6DD65B0D/fulltext/pdf</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Istex/Corpus">000F25</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Istex" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="ISTEX">000F25</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title level="a" type="main" xml:lang="en">Measuring the Impact of Urbanization on Channel Widths Using Historic Aerial Photographs and Modern Surveys</title><author><name sortKey="Galster, Joshua C" sort="Galster, Joshua C" uniqKey="Galster J" first="Joshua C." last="Galster">Joshua C. Galster</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Respectively, Research Scientist, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lehigh University, 31 Williams, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015 [Galster now at Department of Earth and Environmental Studies, Montclair St. University, Upper Montclair, New Jersey 07043]</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pazzaglia, Frank J" sort="Pazzaglia, Frank J" uniqKey="Pazzaglia F" first="Frank J." last="Pazzaglia">Frank J. Pazzaglia</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Associate Professor, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Germanoski, Dru" sort="Germanoski, Dru" uniqKey="Germanoski D" first="Dru" last="Germanoski">Dru Germanoski</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Professor, Department of Geology and Environmental Geosciences, Lafayette College, Easton, Pennsylvania 18042</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author></analytic><monogr></monogr><series><title level="j">JAWRA Journal of the American Water Resources Association</title><idno type="ISSN">1093-474X</idno><idno type="eISSN">1752-1688</idno><imprint><publisher>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher><pubPlace>Oxford, UK</pubPlace><date type="published" when="2008-08">2008-08</date><biblScope unit="volume">44</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">4</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="948">948</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="960">960</biblScope></imprint><idno type="ISSN">1093-474X</idno></series><idno type="istex">1293859E09D3DA9EE646B7C86F52577F6DD65B0D</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1111/j.1752-1688.2008.00193.x</idno><idno type="ArticleID">JAWR193</idno></biblStruct></sourceDesc><seriesStmt><idno type="ISSN">1093-474X</idno></seriesStmt></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>erosion</term><term>fluvial geomorphology</term><term>fluvial processes</term><term>geographic information system</term><term>runoff</term><term>urbanization</term><term>watersheds</term></keywords></textClass><langUsage><language ident="en">en</language></langUsage></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract">Abstract: Land use in a watershed is commonly held to exert a strong influence on trunk channel form and process. Land use changes act over human time‐scales, which are short enough to measure effects on channels directly using historic aerial photographs. We show that high‐resolution topographic surveys for the channels of paired watersheds in the Lehigh Valley, Pennsylvania, are comparable, but have channel widths that have changed dramatically in the past five decades. The two watersheds, Little Lehigh Creek and Sacony Creek, are similar in most aspects except in their respective amount of urban land use. Aerial photographs of the urbanized Little Lehigh Creek show that a majority of the measured widths (67 of 85) were statistically wider in 1999 than in 1947. In contrast, the measured widths from the agricultural Sacony Creek are more evenly distributed among those that widened (18), narrowed (28), and those that were statistically unchanged (6) from 1946 to 1999. From 1946 to 1999 the only section of Sacony Creek that widened was that reach downstream of the only sizable urban area in the watershed. The current land use in Sacony Creek watershed resembles that of 1946, while the Little Lehigh Creek watershed has more than tripled its urban area. These data, in concert with other recent hydrologic data from the watersheds suggest that the increase in urban area‐generated peak discharges is the mechanism behind the widening that occurred in the Little Lehigh Creek. These wider channels can affect water quality, aquatic habitat, suspended sediment loads, and river esthetics.</div></front></TEI><istex><corpusName>wiley</corpusName><author><json:item><name>Joshua C. 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Land use changes act over human time‐scales, which are short enough to measure effects on channels directly using historic aerial photographs. We show that high‐resolution topographic surveys for the channels of paired watersheds in the Lehigh Valley, Pennsylvania, are comparable, but have channel widths that have changed dramatically in the past five decades. The two watersheds, Little Lehigh Creek and Sacony Creek, are similar in most aspects except in their respective amount of urban land use. Aerial photographs of the urbanized Little Lehigh Creek show that a majority of the measured widths (67 of 85) were statistically wider in 1999 than in 1947. In contrast, the measured widths from the agricultural Sacony Creek are more evenly distributed among those that widened (18), narrowed (28), and those that were statistically unchanged (6) from 1946 to 1999. From 1946 to 1999 the only section of Sacony Creek that widened was that reach downstream of the only sizable urban area in the watershed. The current land use in Sacony Creek watershed resembles that of 1946, while the Little Lehigh Creek watershed has more than tripled its urban area. These data, in concert with other recent hydrologic data from the watersheds suggest that the increase in urban area‐generated peak discharges is the mechanism behind the widening that occurred in the Little Lehigh Creek. 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Discussions are open until December 1, 2008.</note></notesStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct type="inbook"><analytic><title level="a" type="main" xml:lang="en">Measuring the Impact of Urbanization on Channel Widths Using Historic Aerial Photographs and Modern Surveys</title><author xml:id="author-1"><persName><forename type="first">Joshua C.</forename><surname>Galster</surname></persName><affiliation>Respectively, Research Scientist, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lehigh University, 31 Williams, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015 [Galster now at Department of Earth and Environmental Studies, Montclair St. University, Upper Montclair, New Jersey 07043]</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-2"><persName><forename type="first">Frank J.</forename><surname>Pazzaglia</surname></persName><affiliation>Associate Professor, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-3"><persName><forename type="first">Dru</forename><surname>Germanoski</surname></persName><affiliation>Professor, Department of Geology and Environmental Geosciences, Lafayette College, Easton, Pennsylvania 18042</affiliation></author></analytic><monogr><title level="j">JAWRA Journal of the American Water Resources Association</title><idno type="pISSN">1093-474X</idno><idno type="eISSN">1752-1688</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1111/(ISSN)1752-1688</idno><imprint><publisher>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher><pubPlace>Oxford, UK</pubPlace><date type="published" when="2008-08"></date><biblScope unit="volume">44</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">4</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="948">948</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="960">960</biblScope></imprint></monogr><idno type="istex">1293859E09D3DA9EE646B7C86F52577F6DD65B0D</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1111/j.1752-1688.2008.00193.x</idno><idno type="ArticleID">JAWR193</idno></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><creation><date>2008</date></creation><langUsage><language ident="en">en</language></langUsage><abstract><p>Abstract: Land use in a watershed is commonly held to exert a strong influence on trunk channel form and process. Land use changes act over human time‐scales, which are short enough to measure effects on channels directly using historic aerial photographs. We show that high‐resolution topographic surveys for the channels of paired watersheds in the Lehigh Valley, Pennsylvania, are comparable, but have channel widths that have changed dramatically in the past five decades. The two watersheds, Little Lehigh Creek and Sacony Creek, are similar in most aspects except in their respective amount of urban land use. Aerial photographs of the urbanized Little Lehigh Creek show that a majority of the measured widths (67 of 85) were statistically wider in 1999 than in 1947. In contrast, the measured widths from the agricultural Sacony Creek are more evenly distributed among those that widened (18), narrowed (28), and those that were statistically unchanged (6) from 1946 to 1999. From 1946 to 1999 the only section of Sacony Creek that widened was that reach downstream of the only sizable urban area in the watershed. The current land use in Sacony Creek watershed resembles that of 1946, while the Little Lehigh Creek watershed has more than tripled its urban area. These data, in concert with other recent hydrologic data from the watersheds suggest that the increase in urban area‐generated peak discharges is the mechanism behind the widening that occurred in the Little Lehigh Creek. These wider channels can affect water quality, aquatic habitat, suspended sediment loads, and river esthetics.</p></abstract><textClass xml:lang="en"><keywords scheme="keyword"><list><head>keywords</head><item><term>erosion</term></item><item><term>runoff</term></item><item><term>urbanization</term></item><item><term>fluvial processes</term></item><item><term>watersheds</term></item><item><term>geographic information system</term></item><item><term>fluvial geomorphology</term></item></list></keywords></textClass></profileDesc><revisionDesc><change when="2008-08">Published</change></revisionDesc></teiHeader></istex:fulltextTEI><json:item><extension>txt</extension><original>false</original><mimetype>text/plain</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/1293859E09D3DA9EE646B7C86F52577F6DD65B0D/fulltext/txt</uri></json:item></fulltext><metadata><istex:metadataXml wicri:clean="Wiley, elements deleted: body"><istex:xmlDeclaration>version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="yes"</istex:xmlDeclaration><istex:document><component version="2.0" type="serialArticle" xml:lang="en"><header><publicationMeta level="product"><publisherInfo><publisherName>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisherName><publisherLoc>Oxford, UK</publisherLoc></publisherInfo><doi origin="wiley" registered="yes">10.1111/(ISSN)1752-1688</doi><issn type="print">1093-474X</issn><issn type="electronic">1752-1688</issn><idGroup><id type="product" value="JAWR"></id><id type="publisherDivision" value="ST"></id></idGroup><titleGroup><title type="main" sort="JOURNAL OF AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION">JAWRA Journal of the American Water Resources Association</title></titleGroup></publicationMeta><publicationMeta level="part" position="08004"><doi origin="wiley">10.1111/jawr.2008.44.issue-4</doi><numberingGroup><numbering type="journalVolume" number="44">44</numbering><numbering type="journalIssue" number="4">4</numbering></numberingGroup><coverDate startDate="2008-08">August 2008</coverDate></publicationMeta><publicationMeta level="unit" type="article" position="11" status="forIssue"><doi origin="wiley">10.1111/j.1752-1688.2008.00193.x</doi><idGroup><id type="unit" value="JAWR193"></id></idGroup><countGroup><count type="pageTotal" number="13"></count></countGroup><titleGroup><title type="tocHeading1">T<sc>echnical</sc> P<sc>apers</sc></title></titleGroup><copyright>© 2008 American Water Resources Association</copyright><eventGroup><event type="firstOnline" date="2008-04-24"></event><event type="publishedOnlineFinalForm" date="2008-07-25"></event><event type="xmlConverted" agent="Converter:BPG_TO_WML3G version:2.3.5 mode:FullText source:FullText result:FullText" date="2010-04-07"></event><event type="xmlConverted" agent="Converter:WILEY_ML3G_TO_WILEY_ML3GV2 version:3.8.8" date="2014-01-28"></event><event type="xmlConverted" agent="Converter:WML3G_To_WML3G version:4.1.7 mode:FullText,remove_FC" date="2014-10-23"></event></eventGroup><numberingGroup><numbering type="pageFirst" number="948">948</numbering><numbering type="pageLast" number="960">960</numbering></numberingGroup><correspondenceTo>(E‐Mail/Galster: <email>jcg6@lehigh.edu</email>).</correspondenceTo><linkGroup><link type="toTypesetVersion" href="file:JAWR.JAWR193.pdf"></link></linkGroup></publicationMeta><contentMeta><unparsedEditorialHistory>Received January 24, 2007; accepted November 8, 2007.</unparsedEditorialHistory><countGroup><count type="figureTotal" number="11"></count><count type="tableTotal" number="3"></count></countGroup><titleGroup><title type="main">Measuring the Impact of Urbanization on Channel Widths Using Historic Aerial Photographs and Modern Surveys<link href="#fn1"><sup>1</sup></link></title><title type="shortAuthors">G<sc>alster</sc>, P<sc>azzaglia, and</sc> G<sc>ermanoski</sc></title><title type="short">M<sc>easuring the</sc> I<sc>mpact of</sc> U<sc>rbanization on</sc> C<sc>hannel</sc> W<sc>idths</sc> U<sc>sing</sc> H<sc>istoric</sc> A<sc>erial</sc> P<sc>hotographs and</sc> M<sc>odern</sc> S<sc>urveys</sc></title></titleGroup><creators><creator creatorRole="author" xml:id="cr1" affiliationRef="#a1"><personName><givenNames>Joshua C.</givenNames><familyName>Galster</familyName></personName></creator><creator creatorRole="author" xml:id="cr2" affiliationRef="#a2"><personName><givenNames>Frank J.</givenNames><familyName>Pazzaglia</familyName></personName></creator><creator creatorRole="author" xml:id="cr3" affiliationRef="#a3"><personName><givenNames>Dru</givenNames><familyName>Germanoski</familyName></personName></creator></creators><affiliationGroup><affiliation xml:id="a1" countryCode="JE"><unparsedAffiliation>Respectively, Research Scientist, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lehigh University, 31 Williams, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015 [Galster now at Department of Earth and Environmental Studies, Montclair St. University, Upper Montclair, New Jersey 07043]</unparsedAffiliation></affiliation><affiliation xml:id="a2" countryCode="US"><unparsedAffiliation>Associate Professor, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015</unparsedAffiliation></affiliation><affiliation xml:id="a3" countryCode="US"><unparsedAffiliation>Professor, Department of Geology and Environmental Geosciences, Lafayette College, Easton, Pennsylvania 18042</unparsedAffiliation></affiliation></affiliationGroup><keywordGroup xml:lang="en"><keyword xml:id="k1">erosion</keyword><keyword xml:id="k2">runoff</keyword><keyword xml:id="k3">urbanization</keyword><keyword xml:id="k4">fluvial processes</keyword><keyword xml:id="k5">watersheds</keyword><keyword xml:id="k6">geographic information system</keyword><keyword xml:id="k7">fluvial geomorphology</keyword></keywordGroup><abstractGroup><abstract type="main" xml:lang="en"><p><b>Abstract: </b> Land use in a watershed is commonly held to exert a strong influence on trunk channel form and process. Land use changes act over human time‐scales, which are short enough to measure effects on channels directly using historic aerial photographs. We show that high‐resolution topographic surveys for the channels of paired watersheds in the Lehigh Valley, Pennsylvania, are comparable, but have channel widths that have changed dramatically in the past five decades. The two watersheds, Little Lehigh Creek and Sacony Creek, are similar in most aspects except in their respective amount of urban land use. Aerial photographs of the urbanized Little Lehigh Creek show that a majority of the measured widths (67 of 85) were statistically wider in 1999 than in 1947. In contrast, the measured widths from the agricultural Sacony Creek are more evenly distributed among those that widened (18), narrowed (28), and those that were statistically unchanged (6) from 1946 to 1999. From 1946 to 1999 the only section of Sacony Creek that widened was that reach downstream of the only sizable urban area in the watershed. The current land use in Sacony Creek watershed resembles that of 1946, while the Little Lehigh Creek watershed has more than tripled its urban area. These data, in concert with other recent hydrologic data from the watersheds suggest that the increase in urban area‐generated peak discharges is the mechanism behind the widening that occurred in the Little Lehigh Creek. These wider channels can affect water quality, aquatic habitat, suspended sediment loads, and river esthetics.</p></abstract></abstractGroup></contentMeta><noteGroup><note xml:id="fn1"><label>1</label><p> Paper No. JAWRA‐07‐0010‐P of the <i>Journal of the American Water Resources Association</i> (JAWRA). <b>Discussions are open until December 1, 2008</b>.</p></note></noteGroup></header></component></istex:document></istex:metadataXml><mods version="3.6"><titleInfo lang="en"><title>Measuring the Impact of Urbanization on Channel Widths Using Historic Aerial Photographs and Modern Surveys</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="abbreviated" lang="en"><title>Measuring the Impact of Urbanization on Channel Widths Using Historic Aerial Photographs and Modern Surveys</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="alternative" contentType="CDATA" lang="en"><title>Measuring the Impact of Urbanization on Channel Widths Using Historic Aerial Photographs and Modern Surveys1</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Joshua C.</namePart><namePart type="family">Galster</namePart><affiliation>Respectively, Research Scientist, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lehigh University, 31 Williams, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015 [Galster now at Department of Earth and Environmental Studies, Montclair St. University, Upper Montclair, New Jersey 07043]</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Frank J.</namePart><namePart type="family">Pazzaglia</namePart><affiliation>Associate Professor, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Dru</namePart><namePart type="family">Germanoski</namePart><affiliation>Professor, Department of Geology and Environmental Geosciences, Lafayette College, Easton, Pennsylvania 18042</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><typeOfResource>text</typeOfResource><genre type="article" displayLabel="article"></genre><originInfo><publisher>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher><place><placeTerm type="text">Oxford, UK</placeTerm></place><dateIssued encoding="w3cdtf">2008-08</dateIssued><edition>Received January 24, 2007; accepted November 8, 2007.</edition><copyrightDate encoding="w3cdtf">2008</copyrightDate></originInfo><language><languageTerm type="code" authority="rfc3066">en</languageTerm><languageTerm type="code" authority="iso639-2b">eng</languageTerm></language><physicalDescription><internetMediaType>text/html</internetMediaType><extent unit="figures">11</extent><extent unit="tables">3</extent></physicalDescription><abstract>Abstract: Land use in a watershed is commonly held to exert a strong influence on trunk channel form and process. Land use changes act over human time‐scales, which are short enough to measure effects on channels directly using historic aerial photographs. We show that high‐resolution topographic surveys for the channels of paired watersheds in the Lehigh Valley, Pennsylvania, are comparable, but have channel widths that have changed dramatically in the past five decades. The two watersheds, Little Lehigh Creek and Sacony Creek, are similar in most aspects except in their respective amount of urban land use. Aerial photographs of the urbanized Little Lehigh Creek show that a majority of the measured widths (67 of 85) were statistically wider in 1999 than in 1947. In contrast, the measured widths from the agricultural Sacony Creek are more evenly distributed among those that widened (18), narrowed (28), and those that were statistically unchanged (6) from 1946 to 1999. From 1946 to 1999 the only section of Sacony Creek that widened was that reach downstream of the only sizable urban area in the watershed. The current land use in Sacony Creek watershed resembles that of 1946, while the Little Lehigh Creek watershed has more than tripled its urban area. These data, in concert with other recent hydrologic data from the watersheds suggest that the increase in urban area‐generated peak discharges is the mechanism behind the widening that occurred in the Little Lehigh Creek. These wider channels can affect water quality, aquatic habitat, suspended sediment loads, and river esthetics.</abstract><note type="content">*Paper No. JAWRA‐07‐0010‐P of the Journal of the American Water Resources Association (JAWRA). Discussions are open until December 1, 2008.</note><subject lang="en"><genre>keywords</genre><topic>erosion</topic><topic>runoff</topic><topic>urbanization</topic><topic>fluvial processes</topic><topic>watersheds</topic><topic>geographic information system</topic><topic>fluvial geomorphology</topic></subject><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>JAWRA Journal of the American Water Resources Association</title></titleInfo><genre type="journal">journal</genre><identifier type="ISSN">1093-474X</identifier><identifier type="eISSN">1752-1688</identifier><identifier type="DOI">10.1111/(ISSN)1752-1688</identifier><identifier type="PublisherID">JAWR</identifier><part><date>2008</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>44</number></detail><detail type="issue"><caption>no.</caption><number>4</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>948</start><end>960</end><total>13</total></extent></part></relatedItem><identifier type="istex">1293859E09D3DA9EE646B7C86F52577F6DD65B0D</identifier><identifier type="DOI">10.1111/j.1752-1688.2008.00193.x</identifier><identifier type="ArticleID">JAWR193</identifier><accessCondition type="use and reproduction" contentType="copyright">© 2008 American Water Resources Association</accessCondition><recordInfo><recordContentSource>WILEY</recordContentSource><recordOrigin>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</recordOrigin></recordInfo></mods></metadata><serie></serie></istex></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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