A review of the status of the New Zealand flatworm in the UK
Identifieur interne : 000E54 ( Istex/Corpus ); précédent : 000E53; suivant : 000E55A review of the status of the New Zealand flatworm in the UK
Auteurs : R. J. C. Cannon ; R. H. A. Baker ; M. C. Taylor ; J. P. MooreSource :
- Annals of Applied Biology [ 0003-4746 ] ; 1999-12.
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- KwdEn :
Abstract
The indigenous terrestrial planarian fauna (three species) of the UK is outnumbered by introduced exotics, of which there are at least nine species. The New Zealand flatworm, Arthurdendyus triangularis, is one of the most widespread and apparent of these non‐indigenous earthworm predators, particularly in Northern Ireland and central Scotland. Despite its having been in the UK for at least 35 yr, our knowledge of the biology and ecology of this species remains somewhat limited. In Scotland, A. triangularis occurs predominantly in botanical and domestic gardens, and is not generally considered to be a problem on agricultural land. The situation in Northern Ireland is different; although predominantly found in domestic gardens, it appears to have colonised grass leys many localities although the impact on earthworm populations remains ambiguous. In England, records are increasing, predominantly from northern regions. Studies have indicated that earthworm species vary in terms of their vulnerability to predation by A. triangularis; surface‐active and anecic species are considered to be most at risk. However, A. triangulatus and earthworm populations are known to coexist, apparently in a state of dynamic equilibrium, in a number of localities. Naturally‐occurring planarian populations are often severely constrained by food supply, but individuals survive lengthy periods of starvation. Such behaviour may preclude the natural recolonisation of habitats by prey species. Very much higher rates of population growth can be achieved where food is not limited, and where favourable conditions result from horticultural practices. The mobility of the prey species may determine the dispersal strategy of the flatworm predator, and a propensity not to move away from centres of prey density might account for the relatively low rate of colonisation of agricultural land by A. triangulatus. Additionally, reliance on protected refuges, may explain the present, somewhat limited distribution in the UK, particularly in southern England. It is difficult to estimate the potential distribution of A. triangulatus, because of the lack of fundamental knowledge of its ecoclimatic requirements. A better understanding is needed of the precise habitat requirements (and constraints) of A. triangulatus, particularly where this species appears to have adapted to rural conditions.
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DOI: 10.1111/j.1744-7348.1999.tb00892.x
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C." last="Cannon">R. J. C. Cannon</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Central Science Laboratory, Ministry of Agriculture Fisheries and Food, Sand Hutton, York, Y041 ILZ, UK</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>E-mail: r.cannon@csl.gov.uk</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Baker, R H A" sort="Baker, R H A" uniqKey="Baker R" first="R. H. A." last="Baker">R. H. A. Baker</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Central Science Laboratory, Ministry of Agriculture Fisheries and Food, Sand Hutton, York, Y041 ILZ, UK</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Taylor, M C" sort="Taylor, M C" uniqKey="Taylor M" first="M. C." last="Taylor">M. C. Taylor</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Central Science Laboratory, Ministry of Agriculture Fisheries and Food, Sand Hutton, York, Y041 ILZ, UK</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Moore, J P" sort="Moore, J P" uniqKey="Moore J" first="J. P." last="Moore">J. P. Moore</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Applied Plant Science Division, Department of Agriculture for Northern Ireland, The Queen's University of Belfast, Newforge Lane, Belfast, BT9 5PX, UK</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author></analytic><monogr></monogr><series><title level="j">Annals of Applied Biology</title><idno type="ISSN">0003-4746</idno><idno type="eISSN">1744-7348</idno><imprint><publisher>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher><pubPlace>Oxford, UK</pubPlace><date type="published" when="1999-12">1999-12</date><biblScope unit="volume">135</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">3</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="597">597</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="614">614</biblScope></imprint><idno type="ISSN">0003-4746</idno></series><idno type="istex">3AE13B86DBDE8D059ADEED854847FCD900414970</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1111/j.1744-7348.1999.tb00892.x</idno><idno type="ArticleID">AAB597</idno></biblStruct></sourceDesc><seriesStmt><idno type="ISSN">0003-4746</idno></seriesStmt></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Arthioposthia</term><term>Arthurdendyus triangulatus</term><term>biology</term><term>earthworm ecology</term><term>ecology and distribution</term><term>flatworms</term><term>pest status and environmental impact</term><term>terrestrial planarians</term></keywords></textClass><langUsage><language ident="en">en</language></langUsage></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">The indigenous terrestrial planarian fauna (three species) of the UK is outnumbered by introduced exotics, of which there are at least nine species. The New Zealand flatworm, Arthurdendyus triangularis, is one of the most widespread and apparent of these non‐indigenous earthworm predators, particularly in Northern Ireland and central Scotland. Despite its having been in the UK for at least 35 yr, our knowledge of the biology and ecology of this species remains somewhat limited. In Scotland, A. triangularis occurs predominantly in botanical and domestic gardens, and is not generally considered to be a problem on agricultural land. The situation in Northern Ireland is different; although predominantly found in domestic gardens, it appears to have colonised grass leys many localities although the impact on earthworm populations remains ambiguous. In England, records are increasing, predominantly from northern regions. Studies have indicated that earthworm species vary in terms of their vulnerability to predation by A. triangularis; surface‐active and anecic species are considered to be most at risk. However, A. triangulatus and earthworm populations are known to coexist, apparently in a state of dynamic equilibrium, in a number of localities. Naturally‐occurring planarian populations are often severely constrained by food supply, but individuals survive lengthy periods of starvation. Such behaviour may preclude the natural recolonisation of habitats by prey species. Very much higher rates of population growth can be achieved where food is not limited, and where favourable conditions result from horticultural practices. The mobility of the prey species may determine the dispersal strategy of the flatworm predator, and a propensity not to move away from centres of prey density might account for the relatively low rate of colonisation of agricultural land by A. triangulatus. Additionally, reliance on protected refuges, may explain the present, somewhat limited distribution in the UK, particularly in southern England. It is difficult to estimate the potential distribution of A. triangulatus, because of the lack of fundamental knowledge of its ecoclimatic requirements. A better understanding is needed of the precise habitat requirements (and constraints) of A. triangulatus, particularly where this species appears to have adapted to rural conditions.</div></front></TEI><istex><corpusName>wiley</corpusName><author><json:item><name>R. J. C. CANNON</name><affiliations><json:string>Central Science Laboratory, Ministry of Agriculture Fisheries and Food, Sand Hutton, York, Y041 ILZ, UK</json:string><json:string>E-mail: r.cannon@csl.gov.uk</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>R. H. A. BAKER</name><affiliations><json:string>Central Science Laboratory, Ministry of Agriculture Fisheries and Food, Sand Hutton, York, Y041 ILZ, UK</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>M. C. TAYLOR</name><affiliations><json:string>Central Science Laboratory, Ministry of Agriculture Fisheries and Food, Sand Hutton, York, Y041 ILZ, UK</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>J. P. MOORE</name><affiliations><json:string>Applied Plant Science Division, Department of Agriculture for Northern Ireland, The Queen's University of Belfast, Newforge Lane, Belfast, BT9 5PX, UK</json:string></affiliations></json:item></author><subject><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>Arthurdendyus triangulatus</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>Arthioposthia</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>biology</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>ecology and distribution</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>earthworm ecology</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>flatworms</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>pest status and environmental impact</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>terrestrial planarians</value></json:item></subject><articleId><json:string>AAB597</json:string></articleId><language><json:string>eng</json:string></language><originalGenre><json:string>article</json:string></originalGenre><abstract>The indigenous terrestrial planarian fauna (three species) of the UK is outnumbered by introduced exotics, of which there are at least nine species. The New Zealand flatworm, Arthurdendyus triangularis, is one of the most widespread and apparent of these non‐indigenous earthworm predators, particularly in Northern Ireland and central Scotland. Despite its having been in the UK for at least 35 yr, our knowledge of the biology and ecology of this species remains somewhat limited. In Scotland, A. triangularis occurs predominantly in botanical and domestic gardens, and is not generally considered to be a problem on agricultural land. The situation in Northern Ireland is different; although predominantly found in domestic gardens, it appears to have colonised grass leys many localities although the impact on earthworm populations remains ambiguous. In England, records are increasing, predominantly from northern regions. Studies have indicated that earthworm species vary in terms of their vulnerability to predation by A. triangularis; surface‐active and anecic species are considered to be most at risk. However, A. triangulatus and earthworm populations are known to coexist, apparently in a state of dynamic equilibrium, in a number of localities. Naturally‐occurring planarian populations are often severely constrained by food supply, but individuals survive lengthy periods of starvation. Such behaviour may preclude the natural recolonisation of habitats by prey species. Very much higher rates of population growth can be achieved where food is not limited, and where favourable conditions result from horticultural practices. The mobility of the prey species may determine the dispersal strategy of the flatworm predator, and a propensity not to move away from centres of prey density might account for the relatively low rate of colonisation of agricultural land by A. triangulatus. Additionally, reliance on protected refuges, may explain the present, somewhat limited distribution in the UK, particularly in southern England. It is difficult to estimate the potential distribution of A. triangulatus, because of the lack of fundamental knowledge of its ecoclimatic requirements. A better understanding is needed of the precise habitat requirements (and constraints) of A. triangulatus, particularly where this species appears to have adapted to rural conditions.</abstract><qualityIndicators><score>8</score><pdfVersion>1.3</pdfVersion><pdfPageSize>583.44 x 851.759 pts</pdfPageSize><refBibsNative>true</refBibsNative><abstractCharCount>2383</abstractCharCount><pdfWordCount>12670</pdfWordCount><pdfCharCount>81818</pdfCharCount><pdfPageCount>18</pdfPageCount><abstractWordCount>347</abstractWordCount></qualityIndicators><title>A review of the status of the New Zealand flatworm in the UK</title><genre><json:string>article</json:string></genre><host><volume>135</volume><publisherId><json:string>AAB</json:string></publisherId><pages><total>18</total><last>614</last><first>597</first></pages><issn><json:string>0003-4746</json:string></issn><issue>3</issue><genre><json:string>journal</json:string></genre><language><json:string>unknown</json:string></language><eissn><json:string>1744-7348</json:string></eissn><title>Annals of Applied Biology</title><doi><json:string>10.1111/(ISSN)1744-7348</json:string></doi></host><categories><wos><json:string>science</json:string><json:string>agriculture, multidisciplinary</json:string></wos><scienceMetrix><json:string>natural sciences</json:string><json:string>biology</json:string><json:string>plant biology & botany</json:string></scienceMetrix></categories><publicationDate>1999</publicationDate><copyrightDate>1999</copyrightDate><doi><json:string>10.1111/j.1744-7348.1999.tb00892.x</json:string></doi><id>3AE13B86DBDE8D059ADEED854847FCD900414970</id><score>0.038298264</score><fulltext><json:item><extension>pdf</extension><original>true</original><mimetype>application/pdf</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/3AE13B86DBDE8D059ADEED854847FCD900414970/fulltext/pdf</uri></json:item><json:item><extension>zip</extension><original>false</original><mimetype>application/zip</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/3AE13B86DBDE8D059ADEED854847FCD900414970/fulltext/zip</uri></json:item><istex:fulltextTEI uri="https://api.istex.fr/document/3AE13B86DBDE8D059ADEED854847FCD900414970/fulltext/tei"><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title level="a" type="main" xml:lang="en">A review of the status of the New Zealand flatworm in the UK</title></titleStmt><publicationStmt><authority>ISTEX</authority><publisher>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher><pubPlace>Oxford, UK</pubPlace><availability><p>WILEY</p></availability><date>1999</date></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct type="inbook"><analytic><title level="a" type="main" xml:lang="en">A review of the status of the New Zealand flatworm in the UK</title><author xml:id="author-1"><persName><forename type="first">R. J. C.</forename><surname>CANNON</surname></persName><email>r.cannon@csl.gov.uk</email><affiliation>Central Science Laboratory, Ministry of Agriculture Fisheries and Food, Sand Hutton, York, Y041 ILZ, UK</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-2"><persName><forename type="first">R. H. A.</forename><surname>BAKER</surname></persName><affiliation>Central Science Laboratory, Ministry of Agriculture Fisheries and Food, Sand Hutton, York, Y041 ILZ, UK</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-3"><persName><forename type="first">M. C.</forename><surname>TAYLOR</surname></persName><affiliation>Central Science Laboratory, Ministry of Agriculture Fisheries and Food, Sand Hutton, York, Y041 ILZ, UK</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-4"><persName><forename type="first">J. P.</forename><surname>MOORE</surname></persName><affiliation>Applied Plant Science Division, Department of Agriculture for Northern Ireland, The Queen's University of Belfast, Newforge Lane, Belfast, BT9 5PX, UK</affiliation></author></analytic><monogr><title level="j">Annals of Applied Biology</title><idno type="pISSN">0003-4746</idno><idno type="eISSN">1744-7348</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1111/(ISSN)1744-7348</idno><imprint><publisher>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher><pubPlace>Oxford, UK</pubPlace><date type="published" when="1999-12"></date><biblScope unit="volume">135</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">3</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="597">597</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="614">614</biblScope></imprint></monogr><idno type="istex">3AE13B86DBDE8D059ADEED854847FCD900414970</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1111/j.1744-7348.1999.tb00892.x</idno><idno type="ArticleID">AAB597</idno></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><creation><date>1999</date></creation><langUsage><language ident="en">en</language></langUsage><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The indigenous terrestrial planarian fauna (three species) of the UK is outnumbered by introduced exotics, of which there are at least nine species. The New Zealand flatworm, Arthurdendyus triangularis, is one of the most widespread and apparent of these non‐indigenous earthworm predators, particularly in Northern Ireland and central Scotland. Despite its having been in the UK for at least 35 yr, our knowledge of the biology and ecology of this species remains somewhat limited. In Scotland, A. triangularis occurs predominantly in botanical and domestic gardens, and is not generally considered to be a problem on agricultural land. The situation in Northern Ireland is different; although predominantly found in domestic gardens, it appears to have colonised grass leys many localities although the impact on earthworm populations remains ambiguous. In England, records are increasing, predominantly from northern regions. Studies have indicated that earthworm species vary in terms of their vulnerability to predation by A. triangularis; surface‐active and anecic species are considered to be most at risk. However, A. triangulatus and earthworm populations are known to coexist, apparently in a state of dynamic equilibrium, in a number of localities. Naturally‐occurring planarian populations are often severely constrained by food supply, but individuals survive lengthy periods of starvation. Such behaviour may preclude the natural recolonisation of habitats by prey species. Very much higher rates of population growth can be achieved where food is not limited, and where favourable conditions result from horticultural practices. The mobility of the prey species may determine the dispersal strategy of the flatworm predator, and a propensity not to move away from centres of prey density might account for the relatively low rate of colonisation of agricultural land by A. triangulatus. Additionally, reliance on protected refuges, may explain the present, somewhat limited distribution in the UK, particularly in southern England. It is difficult to estimate the potential distribution of A. triangulatus, because of the lack of fundamental knowledge of its ecoclimatic requirements. A better understanding is needed of the precise habitat requirements (and constraints) of A. triangulatus, particularly where this species appears to have adapted to rural conditions.</p></abstract><textClass xml:lang="en"><keywords scheme="keyword"><list><head>keywords</head><item><term>Arthurdendyus triangulatus</term></item><item><term>Arthioposthia</term></item><item><term>biology</term></item><item><term>ecology and distribution</term></item><item><term>earthworm ecology</term></item><item><term>flatworms</term></item><item><term>pest status and environmental impact</term></item><item><term>terrestrial planarians</term></item></list></keywords></textClass></profileDesc><revisionDesc><change when="1999-12">Published</change></revisionDesc></teiHeader></istex:fulltextTEI><json:item><extension>txt</extension><original>false</original><mimetype>text/plain</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/3AE13B86DBDE8D059ADEED854847FCD900414970/fulltext/txt</uri></json:item></fulltext><metadata><istex:metadataXml wicri:clean="Wiley, elements deleted: body"><istex:xmlDeclaration>version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="yes"</istex:xmlDeclaration><istex:document><component version="2.0" type="serialArticle" xml:lang="en"><header><publicationMeta level="product"><publisherInfo><publisherName>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisherName><publisherLoc>Oxford, UK</publisherLoc></publisherInfo><doi origin="wiley" registered="yes">10.1111/(ISSN)1744-7348</doi><issn type="print">0003-4746</issn><issn type="electronic">1744-7348</issn><idGroup><id type="product" value="AAB"></id><id type="publisherDivision" value="ST"></id></idGroup><titleGroup><title type="main" sort="ANNALS OF APPLIED BIOLOGY">Annals of Applied Biology</title></titleGroup></publicationMeta><publicationMeta level="part" position="12003"><doi origin="wiley">10.1111/aab.1999.135.issue-3</doi><numberingGroup><numbering type="journalVolume" number="135">135</numbering><numbering type="journalIssue" number="3">3</numbering></numberingGroup><coverDate startDate="1999-12">December 1999</coverDate></publicationMeta><publicationMeta level="unit" type="article" position="0059700" status="forIssue"><doi origin="wiley">10.1111/j.1744-7348.1999.tb00892.x</doi><idGroup><id type="unit" value="AAB597"></id></idGroup><countGroup><count type="pageTotal" number="18"></count></countGroup><titleGroup><title type="tocHeading1">Original Article</title></titleGroup><eventGroup><event type="firstOnline" date="2008-06-28"></event><event type="publishedOnlineFinalForm" date="2008-06-28"></event><event type="xmlConverted" agent="Converter:BPG_TO_WML3G version:2.3.2 mode:FullText source:HeaderRef result:HeaderRef" date="2010-03-04"></event><event type="xmlConverted" agent="Converter:WILEY_ML3G_TO_WILEY_ML3GV2 version:4.0.1" date="2014-03-14"></event><event type="xmlConverted" agent="Converter:WML3G_To_WML3G version:4.1.7 mode:FullText,remove_FC" date="2014-10-14"></event></eventGroup><numberingGroup><numbering type="pageFirst" number="597">597</numbering><numbering type="pageLast" number="614">614</numbering></numberingGroup><correspondenceTo>*Corresponding Author: E‐mail address: <email>r.cannon@csl.gov.uk</email></correspondenceTo><linkGroup><link type="toTypesetVersion" href="file:AAB.AAB597.pdf"></link></linkGroup></publicationMeta><contentMeta><unparsedEditorialHistory>Accepted 25 October 1999, Received 17 February 1999</unparsedEditorialHistory><countGroup><count type="referenceTotal" number="145"></count><count type="linksCrossRef" number="5"></count></countGroup><titleGroup><title type="main">A review of the status of the New Zealand flatworm in the UK</title></titleGroup><creators><creator creatorRole="author" xml:id="cr1" affiliationRef="#a1" corresponding="yes"><personName><givenNames>R. J. C.</givenNames><familyName>CANNON</familyName></personName></creator><creator creatorRole="author" xml:id="cr2" affiliationRef="#a1"><personName><givenNames>R. H. A.</givenNames><familyName>BAKER</familyName></personName></creator><creator creatorRole="author" xml:id="cr3" affiliationRef="#a1"><personName><givenNames>M. C.</givenNames><familyName>TAYLOR</familyName></personName></creator><creator creatorRole="author" xml:id="cr4" affiliationRef="#a2"><personName><givenNames>J. P.</givenNames><familyName>MOORE</familyName></personName></creator></creators><affiliationGroup><affiliation xml:id="a1" countryCode="GB"><unparsedAffiliation>Central Science Laboratory, Ministry of Agriculture Fisheries and Food, Sand Hutton, York, Y041 ILZ, UK</unparsedAffiliation></affiliation><affiliation xml:id="a2" countryCode="GB"><unparsedAffiliation>Applied Plant Science Division, Department of Agriculture for Northern Ireland, The Queen's University of Belfast, Newforge Lane, Belfast, BT9 5PX, UK</unparsedAffiliation></affiliation></affiliationGroup><keywordGroup xml:lang="en"><keyword xml:id="k1">Arthurdendyus triangulatus</keyword><keyword xml:id="k2">Arthioposthia</keyword><keyword xml:id="k3">biology</keyword><keyword xml:id="k4">ecology and distribution</keyword><keyword xml:id="k5">earthworm ecology</keyword><keyword xml:id="k6">flatworms</keyword><keyword xml:id="k7">pest status and environmental impact</keyword><keyword xml:id="k8">terrestrial planarians</keyword></keywordGroup><abstractGroup><abstract type="main" xml:lang="en"><title type="main">SUMMARY</title><p>The indigenous terrestrial planarian fauna (three species) of the UK is outnumbered by introduced exotics, of which there are at least nine species. The New Zealand flatworm, <i>Arthurdendyus triangularis</i>, is one of the most widespread and apparent of these non‐indigenous earthworm predators, particularly in Northern Ireland and central Scotland. Despite its having been in the UK for at least 35 yr, our knowledge of the biology and ecology of this species remains somewhat limited.</p><p>In Scotland, <i>A. triangularis</i> occurs predominantly in botanical and domestic gardens, and is not generally considered to be a problem on agricultural land. The situation in Northern Ireland is different; although predominantly found in domestic gardens, it appears to have colonised grass leys many localities although the impact on earthworm populations remains ambiguous. In England, records are increasing, predominantly from northern regions.</p><p>Studies have indicated that earthworm species vary in terms of their vulnerability to predation by <i>A. triangularis;</i> surface‐active and anecic species are considered to be most at risk. However, <i>A. triangulatus</i> and earthworm populations are known to coexist, apparently in a state of dynamic equilibrium, in a number of localities.</p><p>Naturally‐occurring planarian populations are often severely constrained by food supply, but individuals survive lengthy periods of starvation. Such behaviour may preclude the natural recolonisation of habitats by prey species. Very much higher rates of population growth can be achieved where food is not limited, and where favourable conditions result from horticultural practices. The mobility of the prey species may determine the dispersal strategy of the flatworm predator, and a propensity not to move away from centres of prey density might account for the relatively low rate of colonisation of agricultural land by <i>A. triangulatus.</i> Additionally, reliance on protected refuges, may explain the present, somewhat limited distribution in the UK, particularly in southern England.</p><p>It is difficult to estimate the potential distribution of <i>A. triangulatus</i>, because of the lack of fundamental knowledge of its ecoclimatic requirements. A better understanding is needed of the precise habitat requirements (and constraints) of <i>A. triangulatus</i>, particularly where this species appears to have adapted to rural conditions.</p></abstract></abstractGroup></contentMeta></header></component></istex:document></istex:metadataXml><mods version="3.6"><titleInfo lang="en"><title>A review of the status of the New Zealand flatworm in the UK</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="alternative" contentType="CDATA" lang="en"><title>A review of the status of the New Zealand flatworm in the UK</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">R. J. C.</namePart><namePart type="family">CANNON</namePart><affiliation>Central Science Laboratory, Ministry of Agriculture Fisheries and Food, Sand Hutton, York, Y041 ILZ, UK</affiliation><affiliation>E-mail: r.cannon@csl.gov.uk</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">R. H. A.</namePart><namePart type="family">BAKER</namePart><affiliation>Central Science Laboratory, Ministry of Agriculture Fisheries and Food, Sand Hutton, York, Y041 ILZ, UK</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">M. C.</namePart><namePart type="family">TAYLOR</namePart><affiliation>Central Science Laboratory, Ministry of Agriculture Fisheries and Food, Sand Hutton, York, Y041 ILZ, UK</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">J. P.</namePart><namePart type="family">MOORE</namePart><affiliation>Applied Plant Science Division, Department of Agriculture for Northern Ireland, The Queen's University of Belfast, Newforge Lane, Belfast, BT9 5PX, UK</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><typeOfResource>text</typeOfResource><genre type="article" displayLabel="article"></genre><originInfo><publisher>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher><place><placeTerm type="text">Oxford, UK</placeTerm></place><dateIssued encoding="w3cdtf">1999-12</dateIssued><edition>Accepted 25 October 1999, Received 17 February 1999</edition><copyrightDate encoding="w3cdtf">1999</copyrightDate></originInfo><language><languageTerm type="code" authority="rfc3066">en</languageTerm><languageTerm type="code" authority="iso639-2b">eng</languageTerm></language><physicalDescription><internetMediaType>text/html</internetMediaType><extent unit="references">145</extent></physicalDescription><abstract lang="en">The indigenous terrestrial planarian fauna (three species) of the UK is outnumbered by introduced exotics, of which there are at least nine species. The New Zealand flatworm, Arthurdendyus triangularis, is one of the most widespread and apparent of these non‐indigenous earthworm predators, particularly in Northern Ireland and central Scotland. Despite its having been in the UK for at least 35 yr, our knowledge of the biology and ecology of this species remains somewhat limited. In Scotland, A. triangularis occurs predominantly in botanical and domestic gardens, and is not generally considered to be a problem on agricultural land. The situation in Northern Ireland is different; although predominantly found in domestic gardens, it appears to have colonised grass leys many localities although the impact on earthworm populations remains ambiguous. In England, records are increasing, predominantly from northern regions. Studies have indicated that earthworm species vary in terms of their vulnerability to predation by A. triangularis; surface‐active and anecic species are considered to be most at risk. However, A. triangulatus and earthworm populations are known to coexist, apparently in a state of dynamic equilibrium, in a number of localities. Naturally‐occurring planarian populations are often severely constrained by food supply, but individuals survive lengthy periods of starvation. Such behaviour may preclude the natural recolonisation of habitats by prey species. Very much higher rates of population growth can be achieved where food is not limited, and where favourable conditions result from horticultural practices. The mobility of the prey species may determine the dispersal strategy of the flatworm predator, and a propensity not to move away from centres of prey density might account for the relatively low rate of colonisation of agricultural land by A. triangulatus. Additionally, reliance on protected refuges, may explain the present, somewhat limited distribution in the UK, particularly in southern England. It is difficult to estimate the potential distribution of A. triangulatus, because of the lack of fundamental knowledge of its ecoclimatic requirements. A better understanding is needed of the precise habitat requirements (and constraints) of A. triangulatus, particularly where this species appears to have adapted to rural conditions.</abstract><subject lang="en"><genre>keywords</genre><topic>Arthurdendyus triangulatus</topic><topic>Arthioposthia</topic><topic>biology</topic><topic>ecology and distribution</topic><topic>earthworm ecology</topic><topic>flatworms</topic><topic>pest status and environmental impact</topic><topic>terrestrial planarians</topic></subject><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Annals of Applied Biology</title></titleInfo><genre type="journal">journal</genre><identifier type="ISSN">0003-4746</identifier><identifier type="eISSN">1744-7348</identifier><identifier type="DOI">10.1111/(ISSN)1744-7348</identifier><identifier type="PublisherID">AAB</identifier><part><date>1999</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>135</number></detail><detail type="issue"><caption>no.</caption><number>3</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>597</start><end>614</end><total>18</total></extent></part></relatedItem><identifier type="istex">3AE13B86DBDE8D059ADEED854847FCD900414970</identifier><identifier type="DOI">10.1111/j.1744-7348.1999.tb00892.x</identifier><identifier type="ArticleID">AAB597</identifier><recordInfo><recordContentSource>WILEY</recordContentSource><recordOrigin>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</recordOrigin></recordInfo></mods></metadata><serie></serie></istex></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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