Reservoir siltation in the semi‐arid highlands of northern Ethiopia: sediment yield–catchment area relationship and a semi‐quantitative approach for predicting sediment yield
Identifieur interne : 000E23 ( Istex/Corpus ); précédent : 000E22; suivant : 000E24Reservoir siltation in the semi‐arid highlands of northern Ethiopia: sediment yield–catchment area relationship and a semi‐quantitative approach for predicting sediment yield
Auteurs : L. Tamene ; S. J. Park ; R. Dikau ; P. L. G. VlekSource :
- Earth Surface Processes and Landforms [ 0197-9337 ] ; 2006-10.
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- KwdEn :
Abstract
Due to shortage of rainfall and its increasing variability, moisture stress is identified to be one of the most critical factors affecting agricultural productivity in the drylands of Ethiopia. To circumvent this problem, a strategy of supplemental irrigation through surface water harvesting was adopted by the government and several micro‐dams have been built in the semi‐arid parts of the country. However, the benefits from the water harvesting schemes are not sustainable because of rapid water storage loss due to siltation. There is, therefore, an urgent need for improved catchment‐based erosion control and sediment management strategies. The design and implementation of such strategies require data on the rate and magnitude of sediment deposition. To this end, reservoir surveys were conducted to estimate sediment deposition rate for 11 reservoirs identified to be representative of catchments in the Tigray region of northern Ethiopia. Two approaches were employed during the survey: one was based on measurement of sediment thickness in reservoirs while the other was based on comparing the original and existing topography of the reservoir‐beds. The average annual sediment yield estimated for the study sites was about 19 t ha−1 y−1. An equation of the type SSY = 3á36A0á67 (with SSY = area specific sediment yield in t ha−1 y−1 and A = catchment area in km2) was also established for the study region, which is opposite to the ‘universal’ SSY–A relationship. In order to improve the sediment yield predictive capability of A, it was integrated with a factorial index that assesses the catchment's propensity to erosion and potential sediment yield. The effect of accelerated sediment deposition on water storage loss of reservoirs and possible controlling factors of the SSY–A relationship are outlined. The potential semi‐quantitative scoring approach to characterize catchments in terms of erosion sensitivity and the significance of the A‐index approach to predict SSY of similar catchments are also highlighted. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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DOI: 10.1002/esp.1338
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ISTEX:7D3C88B32B37ED967DC63DFE6A47E6359374FE4CLe document en format XML
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To circumvent this problem, a strategy of supplemental irrigation through surface water harvesting was adopted by the government and several micro‐dams have been built in the semi‐arid parts of the country. However, the benefits from the water harvesting schemes are not sustainable because of rapid water storage loss due to siltation. There is, therefore, an urgent need for improved catchment‐based erosion control and sediment management strategies. The design and implementation of such strategies require data on the rate and magnitude of sediment deposition. To this end, reservoir surveys were conducted to estimate sediment deposition rate for 11 reservoirs identified to be representative of catchments in the Tigray region of northern Ethiopia. Two approaches were employed during the survey: one was based on measurement of sediment thickness in reservoirs while the other was based on comparing the original and existing topography of the reservoir‐beds. The average annual sediment yield estimated for the study sites was about 19 t ha−1 y−1. An equation of the type SSY = 3á36A0á67 (with SSY = area specific sediment yield in t ha−1 y−1 and A = catchment area in km2) was also established for the study region, which is opposite to the ‘universal’ SSY–A relationship. In order to improve the sediment yield predictive capability of A, it was integrated with a factorial index that assesses the catchment's propensity to erosion and potential sediment yield. The effect of accelerated sediment deposition on water storage loss of reservoirs and possible controlling factors of the SSY–A relationship are outlined. The potential semi‐quantitative scoring approach to characterize catchments in terms of erosion sensitivity and the significance of the A‐index approach to predict SSY of similar catchments are also highlighted. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.</div></front></TEI><istex><corpusName>wiley</corpusName><author><json:item><name>L. 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To circumvent this problem, a strategy of supplemental irrigation through surface water harvesting was adopted by the government and several micro‐dams have been built in the semi‐arid parts of the country. However, the benefits from the water harvesting schemes are not sustainable because of rapid water storage loss due to siltation. There is, therefore, an urgent need for improved catchment‐based erosion control and sediment management strategies. The design and implementation of such strategies require data on the rate and magnitude of sediment deposition. To this end, reservoir surveys were conducted to estimate sediment deposition rate for 11 reservoirs identified to be representative of catchments in the Tigray region of northern Ethiopia. Two approaches were employed during the survey: one was based on measurement of sediment thickness in reservoirs while the other was based on comparing the original and existing topography of the reservoir‐beds. 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The average annual sediment yield estimated for the study sites was about 19 t ha−1 y−1. An equation of the type SSY = 3á36A0á67 (with SSY = area specific sediment yield in t ha−1 y−1 and A = catchment area in km2) was also established for the study region, which is opposite to the ‘universal’ SSY–A relationship. In order to improve the sediment yield predictive capability of A, it was integrated with a factorial index that assesses the catchment's propensity to erosion and potential sediment yield. The effect of accelerated sediment deposition on water storage loss of reservoirs and possible controlling factors of the SSY–A relationship are outlined. The potential semi‐quantitative scoring approach to characterize catchments in terms of erosion sensitivity and the significance of the A‐index approach to predict SSY of similar catchments are also highlighted. 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G.</givenNames><familyName>Vlek</familyName></personName></creator></creators><affiliationGroup><affiliation xml:id="af1" countryCode="DE" type="organization"><unparsedAffiliation>Centre for Development Research (ZEF), University of Bonn, Walter‐Flex‐Strasse 3, 53113 Bonn, Germany</unparsedAffiliation></affiliation><affiliation xml:id="af2" countryCode="KR" type="organization"><unparsedAffiliation>Department of Geography, College of Social Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151‐742, Korea</unparsedAffiliation></affiliation><affiliation xml:id="af3" countryCode="DE" type="organization"><unparsedAffiliation>Department of Geography, University of Bonn, Meckenheimer Allee 166, 53115 Bonn, Germany</unparsedAffiliation></affiliation></affiliationGroup><keywordGroup xml:lang="en" type="author"><keyword xml:id="kwd1">reservoir survey</keyword><keyword xml:id="kwd2">sediment yield</keyword><keyword xml:id="kwd3">catchment area</keyword><keyword xml:id="kwd4">catchment characterization</keyword><keyword xml:id="kwd5">factorial index, sediment yield prediction, Tigray</keyword><keyword xml:id="kwd6">Northern Ethiopia</keyword></keywordGroup><abstractGroup><abstract type="main" xml:lang="en"><title type="main">Abstract</title><p>Due to shortage of rainfall and its increasing variability, moisture stress is identified to be one of the most critical factors affecting agricultural productivity in the drylands of Ethiopia. To circumvent this problem, a strategy of supplemental irrigation through surface water harvesting was adopted by the government and several micro‐dams have been built in the semi‐arid parts of the country. However, the benefits from the water harvesting schemes are not sustainable because of rapid water storage loss due to siltation. There is, therefore, an urgent need for improved catchment‐based erosion control and sediment management strategies. The design and implementation of such strategies require data on the rate and magnitude of sediment deposition. To this end, reservoir surveys were conducted to estimate sediment deposition rate for 11 reservoirs identified to be representative of catchments in the Tigray region of northern Ethiopia. Two approaches were employed during the survey: one was based on measurement of sediment thickness in reservoirs while the other was based on comparing the original and existing topography of the reservoir‐beds. The average annual sediment yield estimated for the study sites was about 19 t ha<sup>−1</sup> y<sup>−1</sup>. An equation of the type SSY = 3á36<i>A</i><sup>0á67</sup> (with SSY = area specific sediment yield in t ha<sup>−1</sup> y<sup>−1</sup> and <i>A</i> = catchment area in km<sup>2</sup>) was also established for the study region, which is opposite to the ‘universal’ SSY–<i>A</i> relationship. In order to improve the sediment yield predictive capability of <i>A</i>, it was integrated with a factorial index that assesses the catchment's propensity to erosion and potential sediment yield. The effect of accelerated sediment deposition on water storage loss of reservoirs and possible controlling factors of the SSY–<i>A</i> relationship are outlined. The potential semi‐quantitative scoring approach to characterize catchments in terms of erosion sensitivity and the significance of the <i>A</i>‐index approach to predict SSY of similar catchments are also highlighted. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.</p></abstract></abstractGroup></contentMeta></header></component></istex:document></istex:metadataXml><mods version="3.6"><titleInfo lang="en"><title>Reservoir siltation in the semi‐arid highlands of northern Ethiopia: sediment yield–catchment area relationship and a semi‐quantitative approach for predicting sediment yield</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="abbreviated" lang="en"><title>Reservoir siltation in the semi‐arid highlands of northern Ethiopia</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="alternative" contentType="CDATA" lang="en"><title>Reservoir siltation in the semi‐arid highlands of northern Ethiopia: sediment yield–catchment area relationship and a semi‐quantitative approach for predicting sediment yield</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">L.</namePart><namePart type="family">Tamene</namePart><affiliation>Centre for Development Research (ZEF), University of Bonn, Walter‐Flex‐Strasse 3, 53113 Bonn, Germany</affiliation><affiliation>Centre for Development Research (ZEF), University of Bonn, Walter‐Flex‐Strasse 3, 53113 Bonn, Germany.</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">S. J.</namePart><namePart type="family">Park</namePart><affiliation>Department of Geography, College of Social Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151‐742, Korea</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">R.</namePart><namePart type="family">Dikau</namePart><affiliation>Department of Geography, University of Bonn, Meckenheimer Allee 166, 53115 Bonn, Germany</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">P. L. G.</namePart><namePart type="family">Vlek</namePart><affiliation>Centre for Development Research (ZEF), University of Bonn, Walter‐Flex‐Strasse 3, 53113 Bonn, Germany</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><typeOfResource>text</typeOfResource><genre type="article" displayLabel="article"></genre><originInfo><publisher>John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.</publisher><place><placeTerm type="text">Chichester, UK</placeTerm></place><dateIssued encoding="w3cdtf">2006-10</dateIssued><dateCaptured encoding="w3cdtf">2005-02-28</dateCaptured><dateValid encoding="w3cdtf">2005-11-30</dateValid><copyrightDate encoding="w3cdtf">2006</copyrightDate></originInfo><language><languageTerm type="code" authority="rfc3066">en</languageTerm><languageTerm type="code" authority="iso639-2b">eng</languageTerm></language><physicalDescription><internetMediaType>text/html</internetMediaType><extent unit="figures">12</extent><extent unit="tables">4</extent><extent unit="references">68</extent></physicalDescription><abstract lang="en">Due to shortage of rainfall and its increasing variability, moisture stress is identified to be one of the most critical factors affecting agricultural productivity in the drylands of Ethiopia. To circumvent this problem, a strategy of supplemental irrigation through surface water harvesting was adopted by the government and several micro‐dams have been built in the semi‐arid parts of the country. However, the benefits from the water harvesting schemes are not sustainable because of rapid water storage loss due to siltation. There is, therefore, an urgent need for improved catchment‐based erosion control and sediment management strategies. The design and implementation of such strategies require data on the rate and magnitude of sediment deposition. To this end, reservoir surveys were conducted to estimate sediment deposition rate for 11 reservoirs identified to be representative of catchments in the Tigray region of northern Ethiopia. Two approaches were employed during the survey: one was based on measurement of sediment thickness in reservoirs while the other was based on comparing the original and existing topography of the reservoir‐beds. The average annual sediment yield estimated for the study sites was about 19 t ha−1 y−1. An equation of the type SSY = 3á36A0á67 (with SSY = area specific sediment yield in t ha−1 y−1 and A = catchment area in km2) was also established for the study region, which is opposite to the ‘universal’ SSY–A relationship. In order to improve the sediment yield predictive capability of A, it was integrated with a factorial index that assesses the catchment's propensity to erosion and potential sediment yield. The effect of accelerated sediment deposition on water storage loss of reservoirs and possible controlling factors of the SSY–A relationship are outlined. The potential semi‐quantitative scoring approach to characterize catchments in terms of erosion sensitivity and the significance of the A‐index approach to predict SSY of similar catchments are also highlighted. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.</abstract><subject lang="en"><genre>keywords</genre><topic>reservoir survey</topic><topic>sediment yield</topic><topic>catchment area</topic><topic>catchment characterization</topic><topic>factorial index, sediment yield prediction, Tigray</topic><topic>Northern Ethiopia</topic></subject><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Earth Surface Processes and Landforms</title><subTitle>The Journal of the British Geomorphological Research Group</subTitle></titleInfo><titleInfo type="abbreviated"><title>Earth Surf. Process. Landforms</title></titleInfo><genre type="journal">journal</genre><subject><genre>article-category</genre><topic>Research Article</topic></subject><identifier type="ISSN">0197-9337</identifier><identifier type="eISSN">1096-9837</identifier><identifier type="DOI">10.1002/(ISSN)1096-9837</identifier><identifier type="PublisherID">ESP</identifier><part><date>2006</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>31</number></detail><detail type="issue"><caption>no.</caption><number>11</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>1364</start><end>1383</end><total>20</total></extent></part></relatedItem><identifier type="istex">7D3C88B32B37ED967DC63DFE6A47E6359374FE4C</identifier><identifier type="DOI">10.1002/esp.1338</identifier><identifier type="ArticleID">ESP1338</identifier><accessCondition type="use and reproduction" contentType="copyright">Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.</accessCondition><recordInfo><recordContentSource>WILEY</recordContentSource><recordOrigin>John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.</recordOrigin></recordInfo></mods></metadata><serie></serie></istex></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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