The natural occurrence of toxigenic moulds and mycotoxins in Slovenian primary grain production
Identifieur interne : 000D87 ( Istex/Corpus ); précédent : 000D86; suivant : 000D88The natural occurrence of toxigenic moulds and mycotoxins in Slovenian primary grain production
Auteurs : Breda Jakovac-Strajn ; Anton Vengušt ; Igor Uj I Vrhovnik ; Katarina Pavši Vrta ; Gabrijela Tav Ar-KalcherSource :
- Acta agriculturae Slovenica [ 1581-9175 ] ; 2010-02-01.
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Abstract
The aim of the present study was to determine the contamination of grains, grown in Slovenia and used for animal diets by Slovene farmers in year 2009. A total of 66 samples was examined on toxigenic moulds from genera Fusarium, Penicillium, Aspergillus, Alternaria and on 8 different mycotoxins. The leading contaminants among moulds were from Fusarium spp., detected in 51 samples, mostly in barley (19). The average number of Fusarium spp. colony forming units (cfu) in different grains was from 5.5-23.3 × 103/g, whereas the contamination of barley with Penicillium, Aspergillus and Alternaria spp. was 4.5, 19.3 and 5 × 103 cfu/g. Using liquid (HPLC) and gas chromatography (GC) methods, the presence of various mycotoxins (expressed for 12% of moisture content) was proved in 57.6% of all samples; mostly deoxynivalenol (DON, 54.5%) in concentrations of 130-2860 μg/kg, followed by zearalenone (ZON, 15.1%, 70-800 μg/kg), fumonisin B1 (3%, 120-210 μg/kg), while fumonisin B2, ochratoxin A, diacetoxyscirpenol (DAS), HT-2 and T-2 toxins were not detected. The results indicate that further control of toxigenic moulds and mycotoxins in Slovenian primary grain production is thus required and justified.
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DOI: 10.2478/v10014-010-0008-y
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ISTEX:A96E06F649F6469F1950A96C0A6C0F60B9B1433CLe document en format XML
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Slovenia</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vengust, Anton" sort="Vengust, Anton" uniqKey="Vengust A" first="Anton" last="Vengušt">Anton Vengušt</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Institute for hygiene and pathology of animal nutrition, University of Ljubljana, Gerbičeva 60, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Uj I Vrhovnik, Igor" sort="Uj I Vrhovnik, Igor" uniqKey="Uj I Vrhovnik I" first="Igor" last="Uj I Vrhovnik">Igor Uj I Vrhovnik</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Institute for hygiene and pathology of animal nutrition, University of Ljubljana, Gerbičeva 60, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pavsi Vrta, Katarina" sort="Pavsi Vrta, Katarina" uniqKey="Pavsi Vrta K" first="Katarina" last="Pavši Vrta">Katarina Pavši Vrta</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Institute for hygiene and pathology of animal nutrition, University of Ljubljana, Gerbičeva 60, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tav Ar Kalcher, Gabrijela" sort="Tav Ar Kalcher, Gabrijela" uniqKey="Tav Ar Kalcher G" first="Gabrijela" last="Tav Ar-Kalcher">Gabrijela Tav Ar-Kalcher</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Institute for hygiene and pathology of animal nutrition, University of Ljubljana, Gerbičeva 60, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author></analytic><monogr></monogr><series><title level="j">Acta agriculturae Slovenica</title><idno type="ISSN">1581-9175</idno><idno type="eISSN">1854-1941</idno><imprint><publisher>Versita</publisher><date type="published" when="2010-02-01">2010-02-01</date><biblScope unit="volume">95</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">2</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="121">121</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="128">128</biblScope></imprint><idno type="ISSN">1581-9175</idno></series><idno 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A total of 66 samples was examined on toxigenic moulds from genera Fusarium, Penicillium, Aspergillus, Alternaria and on 8 different mycotoxins. The leading contaminants among moulds were from Fusarium spp., detected in 51 samples, mostly in barley (19). The average number of Fusarium spp. colony forming units (cfu) in different grains was from 5.5-23.3 × 103/g, whereas the contamination of barley with Penicillium, Aspergillus and Alternaria spp. was 4.5, 19.3 and 5 × 103 cfu/g. Using liquid (HPLC) and gas chromatography (GC) methods, the presence of various mycotoxins (expressed for 12% of moisture content) was proved in 57.6% of all samples; mostly deoxynivalenol (DON, 54.5%) in concentrations of 130-2860 μg/kg, followed by zearalenone (ZON, 15.1%, 70-800 μg/kg), fumonisin B1 (3%, 120-210 μg/kg), while fumonisin B2, ochratoxin A, diacetoxyscirpenol (DAS), HT-2 and T-2 toxins were not detected. The results indicate that further control of toxigenic moulds and mycotoxins in Slovenian primary grain production is thus required and justified.</div></front></TEI><istex><corpusName>degruyter-journals</corpusName><author><json:item><name>Breda Jakovac-Strajn</name><affiliations><json:string>Institute for hygiene and pathology of animal nutrition, University of Ljubljana, Gerbičeva 60, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Anton Vengušt</name><affiliations><json:string>Institute for hygiene and pathology of animal nutrition, University of Ljubljana, Gerbičeva 60, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Igor Ujčič-Vrhovnik</name><affiliations><json:string>Institute for hygiene and pathology of animal nutrition, University of Ljubljana, Gerbičeva 60, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Katarina Pavšič-Vrtač</name><affiliations><json:string>Institute for hygiene and pathology of animal nutrition, University of Ljubljana, Gerbičeva 60, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Gabrijela Tavčar-Kalcher</name><affiliations><json:string>Institute for hygiene and pathology of animal nutrition, University of Ljubljana, Gerbičeva 60, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia</json:string></affiliations></json:item></author><subject><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>animal feed</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>grains</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>grains-microbiology</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>mycotoxins-analysis</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>Slovenia</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>krma</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>žita-mikrobiologija</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>mikotoksinianalize</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>Slovenija</value></json:item></subject><articleId><json:string>v10014-010-0008-y</json:string></articleId><language><json:string>eng</json:string></language><originalGenre><json:string>research-article</json:string></originalGenre><abstract>The aim of the present study was to determine the contamination of grains, grown in Slovenia and used for animal diets by Slovene farmers in year 2009. A total of 66 samples was examined on toxigenic moulds from genera Fusarium, Penicillium, Aspergillus, Alternaria and on 8 different mycotoxins. The leading contaminants among moulds were from Fusarium spp., detected in 51 samples, mostly in barley (19). The average number of Fusarium spp. colony forming units (cfu) in different grains was from 5.5-23.3 × 103/g, whereas the contamination of barley with Penicillium, Aspergillus and Alternaria spp. was 4.5, 19.3 and 5 × 103 cfu/g. Using liquid (HPLC) and gas chromatography (GC) methods, the presence of various mycotoxins (expressed for 12% of moisture content) was proved in 57.6% of all samples; mostly deoxynivalenol (DON, 54.5%) in concentrations of 130-2860 μg/kg, followed by zearalenone (ZON, 15.1%, 70-800 μg/kg), fumonisin B1 (3%, 120-210 μg/kg), while fumonisin B2, ochratoxin A, diacetoxyscirpenol (DAS), HT-2 and T-2 toxins were not detected. The results indicate that further control of toxigenic moulds and mycotoxins in Slovenian primary grain production is thus required and justified.</abstract><qualityIndicators><score>7.984</score><pdfVersion>1.4</pdfVersion><pdfPageSize>595.22 x 842 pts (A4)</pdfPageSize><refBibsNative>true</refBibsNative><keywordCount>9</keywordCount><abstractCharCount>1207</abstractCharCount><pdfWordCount>3776</pdfWordCount><pdfCharCount>25925</pdfCharCount><pdfPageCount>8</pdfPageCount><abstractWordCount>184</abstractWordCount></qualityIndicators><title>The natural occurrence of toxigenic moulds and mycotoxins in Slovenian primary grain production</title><genre><json:string>research-article</json:string></genre><host><volume>95</volume><publisherId><json:string>ACAS</json:string></publisherId><pages><last>128</last><first>121</first></pages><issn><json:string>1581-9175</json:string></issn><issue>2</issue><genre><json:string>journal</json:string></genre><language><json:string>unknown</json:string></language><eissn><json:string>1854-1941</json:string></eissn><title>Acta agriculturae Slovenica</title></host><publicationDate>2010</publicationDate><copyrightDate>2010</copyrightDate><doi><json:string>10.2478/v10014-010-0008-y</json:string></doi><id>A96E06F649F6469F1950A96C0A6C0F60B9B1433C</id><score>0.04369547</score><fulltext><json:item><extension>pdf</extension><original>true</original><mimetype>application/pdf</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/A96E06F649F6469F1950A96C0A6C0F60B9B1433C/fulltext/pdf</uri></json:item><json:item><extension>zip</extension><original>false</original><mimetype>application/zip</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/A96E06F649F6469F1950A96C0A6C0F60B9B1433C/fulltext/zip</uri></json:item><istex:fulltextTEI uri="https://api.istex.fr/document/A96E06F649F6469F1950A96C0A6C0F60B9B1433C/fulltext/tei"><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title level="a" type="main" xml:lang="en">The natural occurrence of toxigenic moulds and mycotoxins in Slovenian primary grain production</title></titleStmt><publicationStmt><authority>ISTEX</authority><publisher>Versita</publisher><availability status="free"><p>Open Access</p></availability><date>2010-08-25</date></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct type="inbook"><analytic><title level="a" type="main" xml:lang="en">The natural occurrence of toxigenic moulds and mycotoxins in Slovenian primary grain production</title><author xml:id="author-1"><persName><forename type="first">Breda</forename><surname>Jakovac-Strajn</surname></persName><affiliation>Institute for hygiene and pathology of animal nutrition, University of Ljubljana, Gerbičeva 60, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-2"><persName><forename type="first">Anton</forename><surname>Vengušt</surname></persName><affiliation>Institute for hygiene and pathology of animal nutrition, University of Ljubljana, Gerbičeva 60, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-3"><persName><forename type="first">Igor</forename><surname>Ujčič-Vrhovnik</surname></persName><affiliation>Institute for hygiene and pathology of animal nutrition, University of Ljubljana, Gerbičeva 60, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-4"><persName><forename type="first">Katarina</forename><surname>Pavšič-Vrtač</surname></persName><affiliation>Institute for hygiene and pathology of animal nutrition, University of Ljubljana, Gerbičeva 60, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-5"><persName><forename type="first">Gabrijela</forename><surname>Tavčar-Kalcher</surname></persName><affiliation>Institute for hygiene and pathology of animal nutrition, University of Ljubljana, Gerbičeva 60, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia</affiliation></author></analytic><monogr><title level="j">Acta agriculturae Slovenica</title><idno type="pISSN">1581-9175</idno><idno type="eISSN">1854-1941</idno><imprint><publisher>Versita</publisher><date type="published" when="2010-02-01"></date><biblScope unit="volume">95</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">2</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="121">121</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="128">128</biblScope></imprint></monogr><idno type="istex">A96E06F649F6469F1950A96C0A6C0F60B9B1433C</idno><idno type="DOI">10.2478/v10014-010-0008-y</idno><idno type="ArticleID">v10014-010-0008-y</idno><idno type="pdf">v10014-010-0008-y.pdf</idno></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><creation><date>2010-08-25</date></creation><langUsage><language ident="en">en</language></langUsage><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The aim of the present study was to determine the contamination of grains, grown in Slovenia and used for animal diets by Slovene farmers in year 2009. A total of 66 samples was examined on toxigenic moulds from genera Fusarium, Penicillium, Aspergillus, Alternaria and on 8 different mycotoxins. The leading contaminants among moulds were from Fusarium spp., detected in 51 samples, mostly in barley (19). The average number of Fusarium spp. colony forming units (cfu) in different grains was from 5.5-23.3 × 103/g, whereas the contamination of barley with Penicillium, Aspergillus and Alternaria spp. was 4.5, 19.3 and 5 × 103 cfu/g. Using liquid (HPLC) and gas chromatography (GC) methods, the presence of various mycotoxins (expressed for 12% of moisture content) was proved in 57.6% of all samples; mostly deoxynivalenol (DON, 54.5%) in concentrations of 130-2860 μg/kg, followed by zearalenone (ZON, 15.1%, 70-800 μg/kg), fumonisin B1 (3%, 120-210 μg/kg), while fumonisin B2, ochratoxin A, diacetoxyscirpenol (DAS), HT-2 and T-2 toxins were not detected. The results indicate that further control of toxigenic moulds and mycotoxins in Slovenian primary grain production is thus required and justified.</p></abstract><abstract xml:lang="sl"><p>Z raziskavo smo želeli dobiti vpogled v kontaminacijo žit, ki so jih kmetje v Sloveniji pridelali in uporabili za prehrano živali v letu 2009. Na toksigene plesni iz rodu Fusarium, Penicillium, Aspergillus, Alternaria in 8 različnih mikotoksinov smo preiskali skupno 66 vzorcev. Najbolj razširjene so bile plesni iz rodu Fusarium. Izolirali smo jih iz 51 vzorcev, najpogosteje iz ječmena (19). Njihovo povprečno število kolonij (cfu) je bilo v različnih žitih od 5,5-23,3 × 103/g, v ječmenu pa je bilo 4,5, 19,3 in 5 × 103 cfu/g kolonij plesni iz rodu Penicillium, Aspergillus in Alternaria. S tekočinsko (HPLC) in plinsko kromatografijo (GC) smo dokazali različne mikotoksine (rezultati so izraženi pri 12% vsebnosti vlage vzorca) v 57,6% vseh preiskanih vzorcev. Največ vzorcev je vsebovalo deoksinivalenol (DON, 54,5%) v koncentraciji od 130-2860 μg/kg, sledijo zearalenon (ZON, 15,1%, 70-800 μg/kg) in fumonizin B1 (3%, 120-210 μg/kg). Fumonizinov B2, ohratoksina A, diacetoksiscirpenola (DAS), HT-2 in T-2 toksina nismo dokazali v nobenem vzorcu. Rezultati kažejo, da je nadaljnja kontrola toksigenih plesni in mikotoksinov v krmi iz primarne pridelave v Sloveniji vsekakor potrebna in upravičena.</p></abstract><textClass xml:lang="en"><keywords scheme="keyword"><list><head>Keywords</head><item><term>animal feed</term></item><item><term>grains</term></item><item><term>grains-microbiology</term></item><item><term>mycotoxins-analysis</term></item><item><term>Slovenia</term></item></list></keywords></textClass><textClass xml:lang="sl"><keywords scheme="keyword"><list><head>Keywords</head><item><term>krma</term></item><item><term>žita-mikrobiologija</term></item><item><term>mikotoksinianalize</term></item><item><term>Slovenija</term></item></list></keywords></textClass></profileDesc><revisionDesc><change when="2010-08-25">Created</change><change when="2010-02-01">Published</change></revisionDesc></teiHeader></istex:fulltextTEI><json:item><extension>txt</extension><original>false</original><mimetype>text/plain</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/A96E06F649F6469F1950A96C0A6C0F60B9B1433C/fulltext/txt</uri></json:item></fulltext><metadata><istex:metadataXml wicri:clean="corpus degruyter-journals" wicri:toSee="no header"><istex:xmlDeclaration>version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"</istex:xmlDeclaration><istex:docType PUBLIC="-//NLM//DTD Journal Publishing DTD v3.0 20080202//EN" URI="journalpublishing3.dtd" name="istex:docType"></istex:docType><istex:document><article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="3.0" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ACAS</journal-id><journal-title-group><abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="full">Acta agriculturae Slovenica</abbrev-journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">1854-1941</issn><issn pub-type="ppub">1581-9175</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Versita</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">v10014-010-0008-y</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.2478/v10014-010-0008-y</article-id><title-group><article-title>The natural occurrence of toxigenic moulds and mycotoxins in Slovenian primary grain production</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Jakovac-Strajn</surname><given-names>Breda</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1"><sup>1</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Vengušt</surname><given-names>Anton</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1"><sup>1</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Ujčič-Vrhovnik</surname><given-names>Igor</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1"><sup>1</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Pavšič-Vrtač</surname><given-names>Katarina</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1"><sup>1</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Tavčar-Kalcher</surname><given-names>Gabrijela</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1"><sup>1</sup></xref></contrib><aff id="A1">Institute for hygiene and pathology of animal nutrition, University of Ljubljana, Gerbičeva 60, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia<sup>1</sup></aff></contrib-group><author-notes><corresp></corresp></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="ppub"><day>1</day><month>2</month><year>2010</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>25</day><month>8</month><year>2010</year></pub-date><volume>95</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>121</fpage><lpage>128</lpage><permissions><license license-type="open-access"><license-p>This content is open access.</license-p></license></permissions><related-article related-article-type="pdf" xlink:href="v10014-010-0008-y.pdf"></related-article><abstract xml:lang="en"><title>The natural occurrence of toxigenic moulds and mycotoxins in Slovenian primary grain production</title><p>The aim of the present study was to determine the contamination of grains, grown in Slovenia and used for animal diets by Slovene farmers in year 2009. A total of 66 samples was examined on toxigenic moulds from genera <italic>Fusarium, Penicillium, Aspergillus, Alternaria</italic> and on 8 different mycotoxins. The leading contaminants among moulds were from <italic>Fusarium spp.</italic>, detected in 51 samples, mostly in barley (19). The average number of <italic>Fusarium spp.</italic> colony forming units (cfu) in different grains was from 5.5-23.3 × 10<sup>3</sup>/g, whereas the contamination of barley with <italic>Penicillium, Aspergillus</italic> and <italic>Alternaria spp.</italic> was 4.5, 19.3 and 5 × 10<sup>3</sup> cfu/g. Using liquid (HPLC) and gas chromatography (GC) methods, the presence of various mycotoxins (expressed for 12% of moisture content) was proved in 57.6% of all samples; mostly deoxynivalenol (DON, 54.5%) in concentrations of 130-2860 μg/kg, followed by zearalenone (ZON, 15.1%, 70-800 μg/kg), fumonisin B1 (3%, 120-210 μg/kg), while fumonisin B2, ochratoxin A, diacetoxyscirpenol (DAS), HT-2 and T-2 toxins were not detected. The results indicate that further control of toxigenic moulds and mycotoxins in Slovenian primary grain production is thus required and justified.</p></abstract><abstract xml:lang="sl"><title>Naravna kontaminacija žit iz primarne proizvodnje v Sloveniji s toksigenimi plesnimi in mikotoksini</title><p>Z raziskavo smo želeli dobiti vpogled v kontaminacijo žit, ki so jih kmetje v Sloveniji pridelali in uporabili za prehrano živali v letu 2009. Na toksigene plesni iz rodu <italic>Fusarium, Penicillium, Aspergillus, Alternaria</italic> in 8 različnih mikotoksinov smo preiskali skupno 66 vzorcev. Najbolj razširjene so bile plesni iz rodu <italic>Fusarium.</italic> Izolirali smo jih iz 51 vzorcev, najpogosteje iz ječmena (19). Njihovo povprečno število kolonij (cfu) je bilo v različnih žitih od 5,5-23,3 × 10<sup>3</sup>/g, v ječmenu pa je bilo 4,5, 19,3 in 5 × 10<sup>3</sup> cfu/g kolonij plesni iz rodu <italic>Penicillium, Aspergillus</italic> in <italic>Alternaria.</italic> S tekočinsko (HPLC) in plinsko kromatografijo (GC) smo dokazali različne mikotoksine (rezultati so izraženi pri 12% vsebnosti vlage vzorca) v 57,6% vseh preiskanih vzorcev. Največ vzorcev je vsebovalo deoksinivalenol (DON, 54,5%) v koncentraciji od 130-2860 μg/kg, sledijo zearalenon (ZON, 15,1%, 70-800 μg/kg) in fumonizin B<sub>1</sub> (3%, 120-210 μg/kg). Fumonizinov B<sub>2</sub>, ohratoksina A, diacetoksiscirpenola (DAS), HT-2 in T-2 toksina nismo dokazali v nobenem vzorcu. Rezultati kažejo, da je nadaljnja kontrola toksigenih plesni in mikotoksinov v krmi iz primarne pridelave v Sloveniji vsekakor potrebna in upravičena.</p></abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><title>Keywords</title><kwd>animal feed</kwd><kwd>grains</kwd><kwd>grains-microbiology</kwd><kwd>mycotoxins-analysis</kwd><kwd>Slovenia</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="sl"><title>Keywords</title><kwd>krma</kwd><kwd>žita-mikrobiologija</kwd><kwd>mikotoksinianalize</kwd><kwd>Slovenija</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front></article></istex:document></istex:metadataXml><mods version="3.6"><titleInfo lang="en"><title>The natural occurrence of toxigenic moulds and mycotoxins in Slovenian primary grain production</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="alternative" lang="en" contentType="CDATA"><title>The natural occurrence of toxigenic moulds and mycotoxins in Slovenian primary grain production</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Breda</namePart><namePart type="family">Jakovac-Strajn</namePart><affiliation>Institute for hygiene and pathology of animal nutrition, University of Ljubljana, Gerbičeva 60, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Anton</namePart><namePart type="family">Vengušt</namePart><affiliation>Institute for hygiene and pathology of animal nutrition, University of Ljubljana, Gerbičeva 60, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Igor</namePart><namePart type="family">Ujčič-Vrhovnik</namePart><affiliation>Institute for hygiene and pathology of animal nutrition, University of Ljubljana, Gerbičeva 60, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Katarina</namePart><namePart type="family">Pavšič-Vrtač</namePart><affiliation>Institute for hygiene and pathology of animal nutrition, University of Ljubljana, Gerbičeva 60, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Gabrijela</namePart><namePart type="family">Tavčar-Kalcher</namePart><affiliation>Institute for hygiene and pathology of animal nutrition, University of Ljubljana, Gerbičeva 60, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><typeOfResource>text</typeOfResource><genre type="research-article" displayLabel="research-article"></genre><originInfo><publisher>Versita</publisher><dateIssued encoding="w3cdtf">2010-02-01</dateIssued><dateCreated encoding="w3cdtf">2010-08-25</dateCreated><copyrightDate encoding="w3cdtf">2010</copyrightDate></originInfo><language><languageTerm type="code" authority="iso639-2b">eng</languageTerm><languageTerm type="code" authority="rfc3066">en</languageTerm></language><physicalDescription><internetMediaType>text/html</internetMediaType></physicalDescription><abstract lang="en">The aim of the present study was to determine the contamination of grains, grown in Slovenia and used for animal diets by Slovene farmers in year 2009. A total of 66 samples was examined on toxigenic moulds from genera Fusarium, Penicillium, Aspergillus, Alternaria and on 8 different mycotoxins. The leading contaminants among moulds were from Fusarium spp., detected in 51 samples, mostly in barley (19). The average number of Fusarium spp. colony forming units (cfu) in different grains was from 5.5-23.3 × 103/g, whereas the contamination of barley with Penicillium, Aspergillus and Alternaria spp. was 4.5, 19.3 and 5 × 103 cfu/g. Using liquid (HPLC) and gas chromatography (GC) methods, the presence of various mycotoxins (expressed for 12% of moisture content) was proved in 57.6% of all samples; mostly deoxynivalenol (DON, 54.5%) in concentrations of 130-2860 μg/kg, followed by zearalenone (ZON, 15.1%, 70-800 μg/kg), fumonisin B1 (3%, 120-210 μg/kg), while fumonisin B2, ochratoxin A, diacetoxyscirpenol (DAS), HT-2 and T-2 toxins were not detected. The results indicate that further control of toxigenic moulds and mycotoxins in Slovenian primary grain production is thus required and justified.</abstract><abstract lang="sl">Z raziskavo smo želeli dobiti vpogled v kontaminacijo žit, ki so jih kmetje v Sloveniji pridelali in uporabili za prehrano živali v letu 2009. Na toksigene plesni iz rodu Fusarium, Penicillium, Aspergillus, Alternaria in 8 različnih mikotoksinov smo preiskali skupno 66 vzorcev. Najbolj razširjene so bile plesni iz rodu Fusarium. Izolirali smo jih iz 51 vzorcev, najpogosteje iz ječmena (19). Njihovo povprečno število kolonij (cfu) je bilo v različnih žitih od 5,5-23,3 × 103/g, v ječmenu pa je bilo 4,5, 19,3 in 5 × 103 cfu/g kolonij plesni iz rodu Penicillium, Aspergillus in Alternaria. S tekočinsko (HPLC) in plinsko kromatografijo (GC) smo dokazali različne mikotoksine (rezultati so izraženi pri 12% vsebnosti vlage vzorca) v 57,6% vseh preiskanih vzorcev. Največ vzorcev je vsebovalo deoksinivalenol (DON, 54,5%) v koncentraciji od 130-2860 μg/kg, sledijo zearalenon (ZON, 15,1%, 70-800 μg/kg) in fumonizin B1 (3%, 120-210 μg/kg). Fumonizinov B2, ohratoksina A, diacetoksiscirpenola (DAS), HT-2 in T-2 toksina nismo dokazali v nobenem vzorcu. Rezultati kažejo, da je nadaljnja kontrola toksigenih plesni in mikotoksinov v krmi iz primarne pridelave v Sloveniji vsekakor potrebna in upravičena.</abstract><subject lang="en"><genre>Keywords</genre><topic>animal feed</topic><topic>grains</topic><topic>grains-microbiology</topic><topic>mycotoxins-analysis</topic><topic>Slovenia</topic></subject><subject lang="sl"><genre>Keywords</genre><topic>krma</topic><topic>žita-mikrobiologija</topic><topic>mikotoksinianalize</topic><topic>Slovenija</topic></subject><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Acta agriculturae Slovenica</title></titleInfo><genre type="journal">journal</genre><identifier type="ISSN">1581-9175</identifier><identifier type="eISSN">1854-1941</identifier><identifier type="PublisherID">ACAS</identifier><part><date>2010</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>95</number></detail><detail type="issue"><caption>no.</caption><number>2</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>121</start><end>128</end></extent></part></relatedItem><identifier type="istex">A96E06F649F6469F1950A96C0A6C0F60B9B1433C</identifier><identifier type="DOI">10.2478/v10014-010-0008-y</identifier><identifier type="ArticleID">v10014-010-0008-y</identifier><identifier type="pdf">v10014-010-0008-y.pdf</identifier><accessCondition type="use and reproduction" contentType="open-access">This content is open access.</accessCondition><recordInfo><recordContentSource>De Gruyter</recordContentSource></recordInfo></mods></metadata><serie></serie></istex></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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