Soil Budget, Net Export, and Potential Sinks of Nitrogen in the Lower Oglio River Watershed (Northern Italy)
Identifieur interne : 000D12 ( Istex/Corpus ); précédent : 000D11; suivant : 000D13Soil Budget, Net Export, and Potential Sinks of Nitrogen in the Lower Oglio River Watershed (Northern Italy)
Auteurs : Elisa Soana ; Erica Racchetti ; Alex Laini ; Marco Bartoli ; Pierluigi ViaroliSource :
- CLEAN – Soil, Air, Water [ 1863-0650 ] ; 2011-11.
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- KwdEn :
Abstract
A nitrogen mass balance, realized for the lower Oglio River basin (Po River Plain, northern Italy), suggested an elevated impact of agricultural activities in this watershed. Livestock manure, synthetic fertilizers, biological fixation, atmospheric deposition, and wastewater sludge contributed 51, 34, 12, 2, and 1% of total N (TN) input, respectively (basin average 450 kg N ha−1 arable land (AL) year−1, overall input 100 115 t N year−1). Crop uptake, ammonia volatilization and denitrification in soils contributed 65, 21, and 14%, respectively, of TN output (basin average 270 kg N ha−1 AL year−1, overall output 60 060 t N year−1). N inputs exceeded outputs by 40 056 t N year−1, resulting in a basin average surplus of about 180 kg N ha−1 AL year−1. About 34% of the N surplus was exported annually from the basin while the remaining amount (about 26 800 t N year−1) underwent other unaccounted for processes within the watershed. The relevance of nitrogen removal via denitrification in aquatic compartments within the watershed was evaluated. Denitrification in the secondary drainage network can represent a relevant nitrogen sink due to great linear extension (over 12 500 km), with estimated nitrogen loss up to 8500 t N year−1. Denitrification in the riverbed and in perifluvial wetlands have the potential to remove only a small fraction of the nitrogen surplus (<3%). Evidence suggests the relevance of groundwater as a site of nitrogen accumulation.
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DOI: 10.1002/clen.201000454
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ISTEX:ADE03AC3527D24932B5BBD6109757422BC2F0FE7Le document en format XML
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Livestock manure, synthetic fertilizers, biological fixation, atmospheric deposition, and wastewater sludge contributed 51, 34, 12, 2, and 1% of total N (TN) input, respectively (basin average 450 kg N ha−1 arable land (AL) year−1, overall input 100 115 t N year−1). Crop uptake, ammonia volatilization and denitrification in soils contributed 65, 21, and 14%, respectively, of TN output (basin average 270 kg N ha−1 AL year−1, overall output 60 060 t N year−1). N inputs exceeded outputs by 40 056 t N year−1, resulting in a basin average surplus of about 180 kg N ha−1 AL year−1. About 34% of the N surplus was exported annually from the basin while the remaining amount (about 26 800 t N year−1) underwent other unaccounted for processes within the watershed. The relevance of nitrogen removal via denitrification in aquatic compartments within the watershed was evaluated. Denitrification in the secondary drainage network can represent a relevant nitrogen sink due to great linear extension (over 12 500 km), with estimated nitrogen loss up to 8500 t N year−1. Denitrification in the riverbed and in perifluvial wetlands have the potential to remove only a small fraction of the nitrogen surplus (<3%). 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Livestock manure, synthetic fertilizers, biological fixation, atmospheric deposition, and wastewater sludge contributed 51, 34, 12, 2, and 1% of total N (TN) input, respectively (basin average 450 kg N ha−1 arable land (AL) year−1, overall input 100 115 t N year−1). Crop uptake, ammonia volatilization and denitrification in soils contributed 65, 21, and 14%, respectively, of TN output (basin average 270 kg N ha−1 AL year−1, overall output 60 060 t N year−1). N inputs exceeded outputs by 40 056 t N year−1, resulting in a basin average surplus of about 180 kg N ha−1 AL year−1. About 34% of the N surplus was exported annually from the basin while the remaining amount (about 26 800 t N year−1) underwent other unaccounted for processes within the watershed. The relevance of nitrogen removal via denitrification in aquatic compartments within the watershed was evaluated. Denitrification in the secondary drainage network can represent a relevant nitrogen sink due to great linear extension (over 12 500 km), with estimated nitrogen loss up to 8500 t N year−1. Denitrification in the riverbed and in perifluvial wetlands have the potential to remove only a small fraction of the nitrogen surplus (<3%). Evidence suggests the relevance of groundwater as a site of nitrogen accumulation.</p></abstract><abstract xml:lang="en" style="graphical"><p>The novelty in the proposed approach consists in the evaluation of multiple N sources and sinks in over 200 single municipalities aggregated then on the watershed level. 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Livestock manure, synthetic fertilizers, biological fixation, atmospheric deposition, and wastewater sludge contributed 51, 34, 12, 2, and 1% of total N (TN) input, respectively (basin average 450 kg N ha<sup>−1</sup> arable land (AL) year<sup>−1</sup>, overall input 100 115 t N year<sup>−1</sup>). Crop uptake, ammonia volatilization and denitrification in soils contributed 65, 21, and 14%, respectively, of TN output (basin average 270 kg N ha<sup>−1</sup> AL year<sup>−1</sup>, overall output 60 060 t N year<sup>−1</sup>). N inputs exceeded outputs by 40 056 t N year<sup>−1</sup>, resulting in a basin average surplus of about 180 kg N ha<sup>−1</sup> AL year<sup>−1</sup>. About 34% of the N surplus was exported annually from the basin while the remaining amount (about 26 800 t N year<sup>−1</sup>) underwent other unaccounted for processes within the watershed.</p><p>The relevance of nitrogen removal via denitrification in aquatic compartments within the watershed was evaluated. Denitrification in the secondary drainage network can represent a relevant nitrogen sink due to great linear extension (over 12 500 km), with estimated nitrogen loss up to 8500 t N year<sup>−1</sup>. Denitrification in the riverbed and in perifluvial wetlands have the potential to remove only a small fraction of the nitrogen surplus (<3%). Evidence suggests the relevance of groundwater as a site of nitrogen accumulation.</p></abstract><abstract type="graphical" xml:lang="en"><p>The novelty in the proposed approach consists in the evaluation of multiple N sources and sinks in over 200 single municipalities aggregated then on the watershed level. The present study demonstrates, via the soil system budget approach, that in the lower Oglio River (northern Italy) basin N inputs to arable lands largely exceed N requirements by crops. <blockFixed type="graphic"><mediaResourceGroup><mediaResource alt="image" eRights="yes" copyright="WILEY‐VCH Verlag" href="urn:x-wiley:18630650:media:CLEN201000454:content"></mediaResource><mediaResource alt="thumbnail image" rendition="webLoRes" mimeType="image/gif" href=""></mediaResource><mediaResource alt="original image" rendition="webOriginal" mimeType="image/jpeg" href=""></mediaResource><mediaResource alt="magnified image" rendition="webHiRes" mimeType="image/jpeg" href=""></mediaResource></mediaResourceGroup></blockFixed></p></abstract></abstractGroup></contentMeta></header></component></istex:document></istex:metadataXml><mods version="3.6"><titleInfo lang="en"><title>Soil Budget, Net Export, and Potential Sinks of Nitrogen in the Lower Oglio River Watershed (Northern Italy)</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="abbreviated" lang="en"><title>Nitrogen Budget in the Lower Oglio River</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="alternative" contentType="CDATA" lang="en"><title>Soil Budget, Net Export, and Potential Sinks of Nitrogen in the Lower Oglio River Watershed (Northern Italy)</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Elisa</namePart><namePart type="family">Soana</namePart><affiliation>Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Parma, Parma, Italy</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Erica</namePart><namePart type="family">Racchetti</namePart><affiliation>Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Parma, Parma, Italy</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Alex</namePart><namePart type="family">Laini</namePart><affiliation>Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Parma, Parma, Italy</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Marco</namePart><namePart type="family">Bartoli</namePart><affiliation>Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Parma, Parma, Italy</affiliation><affiliation>Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Parma, Viale G.P. Usberti 33/A, 43124 Parma, Italy</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Pierluigi</namePart><namePart type="family">Viaroli</namePart><affiliation>Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Parma, Parma, Italy</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><typeOfResource>text</typeOfResource><genre type="article" displayLabel="article"></genre><originInfo><publisher>WILEY‐VCH Verlag</publisher><place><placeTerm type="text">Weinheim</placeTerm></place><dateIssued encoding="w3cdtf">2011-11</dateIssued><dateCaptured encoding="w3cdtf">2010-11-17</dateCaptured><dateValid encoding="w3cdtf">2011-01-20</dateValid><copyrightDate encoding="w3cdtf">2011</copyrightDate></originInfo><language><languageTerm type="code" authority="rfc3066">en</languageTerm><languageTerm type="code" authority="iso639-2b">eng</languageTerm></language><physicalDescription><internetMediaType>text/html</internetMediaType><extent unit="figures">6</extent><extent unit="tables">4</extent><extent unit="references">75</extent><extent unit="words">9358</extent></physicalDescription><abstract lang="en">A nitrogen mass balance, realized for the lower Oglio River basin (Po River Plain, northern Italy), suggested an elevated impact of agricultural activities in this watershed. Livestock manure, synthetic fertilizers, biological fixation, atmospheric deposition, and wastewater sludge contributed 51, 34, 12, 2, and 1% of total N (TN) input, respectively (basin average 450 kg N ha−1 arable land (AL) year−1, overall input 100 115 t N year−1). Crop uptake, ammonia volatilization and denitrification in soils contributed 65, 21, and 14%, respectively, of TN output (basin average 270 kg N ha−1 AL year−1, overall output 60 060 t N year−1). N inputs exceeded outputs by 40 056 t N year−1, resulting in a basin average surplus of about 180 kg N ha−1 AL year−1. About 34% of the N surplus was exported annually from the basin while the remaining amount (about 26 800 t N year−1) underwent other unaccounted for processes within the watershed. The relevance of nitrogen removal via denitrification in aquatic compartments within the watershed was evaluated. Denitrification in the secondary drainage network can represent a relevant nitrogen sink due to great linear extension (over 12 500 km), with estimated nitrogen loss up to 8500 t N year−1. Denitrification in the riverbed and in perifluvial wetlands have the potential to remove only a small fraction of the nitrogen surplus (<3%). Evidence suggests the relevance of groundwater as a site of nitrogen accumulation.</abstract><abstract type="graphical" lang="en">The novelty in the proposed approach consists in the evaluation of multiple N sources and sinks in over 200 single municipalities aggregated then on the watershed level. The present study demonstrates, via the soil system budget approach, that in the lower Oglio River (northern Italy) basin N inputs to arable lands largely exceed N requirements by crops.</abstract><note type="funding">CARIPLO Foundation and the Oglio Sud Regional Park and to the PRIN 2008 project “Nitrogen loads in the Po river basin: biogeochemical processes, tranformations and effects in lowland reaches, transitional and coastal waters”</note><note type="funding">Italian Ministry of University and Research</note><subject lang="en"><genre>keywords</genre><topic>Denitrification</topic><topic>Drainage network</topic><topic>Nitrogen budget</topic><topic>Watershed</topic></subject><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>CLEAN – Soil, Air, Water</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="abbreviated"><title>Clean Soil Air Water</title></titleInfo><genre type="journal">journal</genre><subject><genre>article-category</genre><topic>Research Article</topic></subject><identifier type="ISSN">1863-0650</identifier><identifier type="eISSN">1863-0669</identifier><identifier type="DOI">10.1002/(ISSN)1863-0669</identifier><identifier type="PublisherID">CLEN</identifier><part><date>2011</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>39</number></detail><detail type="issue"><caption>no.</caption><number>11</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>956</start><end>965</end><total>10</total></extent></part></relatedItem><identifier type="istex">ADE03AC3527D24932B5BBD6109757422BC2F0FE7</identifier><identifier type="DOI">10.1002/clen.201000454</identifier><identifier type="ArticleID">CLEN201000454</identifier><accessCondition type="use and reproduction" contentType="copyright">Copyright © 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. 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